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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Propagation of coherent x rays in a multistep-index x-ray waveguide (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 90 (2001), S. 94-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have developed and tested a multistep-index x-ray waveguide. The waveguide geometry allows for a controlled positioning of the waveguide gap down to the nanometer range. The waveguide consists of two closely spaced flat fused-silica substrates, coated with an aluminum layer. On top of the aluminum layer we deposited an optically transparent spacer layer. The aluminum layers are the mirrors of an optical interferometer, which is used to measure the separation and parallelism of the waveguide surfaces. The x rays are guided within the gap between the spacer layers. We have observed so-called cladding modes and demonstrate waveguiding in a multistep index structure having a gap width of 59 nm over a length of 5 mm. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1376418
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A planar x-ray waveguide with a tunable air gap for the structural investigation of confined fluids (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 1723-1732 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A tunable x-ray waveguide with an air gap as the guiding medium is presented. Discrete transverse-electric modes excited in the air gap propagate almost undisturbed. Filling the air gap with a fluid allows for studies of ordering phenomena in a confined geometry. Since the guided modes are mainly confined to the guiding layer, background scattering from the plates is very low. Starting from the propagation characteristics of the modes in the empty waveguide, requirements on the x-ray source and on the positioning accuracy of the plates are derived. The construction of the waveguide is described and measurements of the far-field angular distributions of intensity exiting the waveguide are presented which illustrate the waveguide's properties. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1150527
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atomic disorder and phase transformation in L12-Ni3Al by mechanical milling (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 78 (1995), S. 3438-3444 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Mechanical milling of the ordered L12-Ni3Al was performed in a high-energy ball mill. The milling process was monitored by x-ray diffraction, high-field magnetization, ac magnetic susceptibility, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). It was found that antisite disorder is generated in the early stages of milling and a phase transformation from the disordered L12 compound to the disordered fcc solid solution of Al in Ni was observed after milling for long periods. Partial amorphization occurs after prolonged periods of milling. The long-range-order parameter decreases monotonously with time in the early stages of milling and attains a zero value after relatively short periods of milling. The lattice parameter and the relative strain increase with milling time. Magnetic properties of ball-milled Ni3Al at 4.2 K differ markedly from those of the ordered state. Based on the magnetic data, it is concluded that short-range disordering could be the third source of energy storage during milling of Ni3Al. Exothermic heat effects resulting from atomic reordering and phase restoration and/or crystallization are evident in the DSC scans of ball-milled Ni3Al. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.359974
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