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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 1 (1872), S. 9-33 
    ISSN: 0080-4401
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: History
    Notes: The paramount usefulness of history, with all its ramifications, as a branch of education has not yet met with a full recognition. The real position and dignity of history remains' still a subject of controversy. The point at issue is—whether history may be considered and studied as a science or not. In France and Germany the question has long been decided. In both countries distinguished writers have invested history with a scientific importance—with a preeminence in general education not readily accepted by the practical Anglo-Saxon. In Great Britain, several eminent historians do believe that there are necessary laws regulating the moral as well as the physical world; they believe that the same powers prevail in the moral movement of nations as in the physical world, and that the human as well as the physical world is subjected to invariable rules in its progressive, harmonious, irresistible movement and growth. But a much greater number of English thinkers, and, we believe, the public generally, maintain that humanity advances by a free effort and free will,—that the progress of nations does not advance subjected to invariable laws, and that consequently history cannot be considered as a science until these laws are discovered, proved, and established. They insist on the fact that physical science alone is possible, as material objects are inanimate, whilst a science relating to human actions is impossible, because a man is free, rational, and responsible agent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 1 (1872), S. 296-310 
    ISSN: 0080-4401
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: History
    Notes: Every century seems generally characterized by some pre-eminent feature or aspiration, or marked tendencies, the study of which deserves the special attention of the student of history, as they facilitate the comprehension of the general progressive movements of humanity. Thus the fourteenth century is conspicuous by its numerous popular insurrections, evincing the yearnings of the people and their efforts to obtain greater justice at the hands of their masters. They appear as follows:—Wilhelm Tell, in 1308; Jacques van Artevelde, in 1354; Rienzi, 1354; Marino Faliero, 1355; the Jacquerie, 1358; Michele di Lando, 1378; and Wat Tyler, 1385. Recent researches and documents have thrown a new light on those historical episodes of the fourteenth century, and on none more so than on the Jacquerie.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 2 (1873), S. 54-76 
    ISSN: 0080-4401
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: History
    Notes: The word Bohemia, it is well known, is a conventional appellation devoid of truth; a name derived from the Boij, a Gallic tribe which settled in that country, 587 B.C. In the seventh century, the Czechs, a Slavonian people, conquered it, and that branch of the great Slavonian race has ever possessed a distinct and original life, as well as a vernacular culture, that has not met with the attention it deserves at the hands of historical students. The Germans of the hereditary house of Habsburg, proclaim that the Czechs owe everything to them— arts, science, civilisation; they have often done so in a somewhat insulting language, despite several glorious epochs in the history of Bohemia, namely, the reign of Ottokar, the competitor of Rodolf of Habsburg to the imperial crown, in 1272; the greatness of the University of Prag, in the fourteenth century, and the glorious episode of George of Podiebrad. As to the Bohemian kingdom of Ottokar, by its importance and extent, it alone deserves a special history. It comprised, besides Bohemia proper, great part of modern Prussia, Carinthia, Croatia, Illyria; it extended from the Baltic to the Adriatic sea, with the harbour of Nao on the latter, thus justifying, as it were, Shakespeare, in whose “ Winter's Tale ” a Sicilian fleet sails into Bohemia, a statement that was eagerly ridiculed by Ben Jonson and others.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 2 (1873), S. 77-93 
    ISSN: 0080-4401
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: History
    Notes: It is singular and instructive to mark how close is the resemblance between the popular discontents of different times and the spring as well as the progress of their action. During the fourteenth century the great body of the people, especially in England, was gradually rising in the scale of civilisation, and, at the same time that the pressure on them was increased, the simplest civic rights were denied them. During the age we are referring to, there was a contemporaneous movement of the lower classes—of the body of the people—in various countries. The stern slavery under the feudal system was relaxing. The voice of the serf, who so long in silence had endured his bondage, was at length more or less heard. The spirit of freedom, which heretofore had animated only the noble and the high-born, was now inflaming the hearts of those who, under the bonds of villain-service, had been part of the ownership of the soil. There was an almost simultaneous rising of the lower orders of the people, and its not being confined to any one country, can only be explained by general, and, doubtless, various causes affecting European society and governments at large.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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