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  • 1
    ISSN: 0178-515X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract A set-up procedure for the minimisation of signal noise of a capillary inlet mass spectrometer system, enabling direct use of data without noise filtering or drift correction, is described. A reliable calibration method was developed, involving standard calibration mixtures determined by the extreme vertices design. This novel method was shown to be the most accurate in comparison with a number of commonly used methods. These procedures enabled reliable on-line fermenter headspace gas analysis. With a relatively inexpensive mass spectrometer, monitoring of a fermentation and accurate estimation of oxygen uptake rate, carbon dioxide evolution rate, respiratory quotient and biomass concentration was possible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 42 (1998), S. 71-91 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: design sensitivity ; semi-analytic ; rigid body motions ; shells ; Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In the recent past inaccuracy problems have been reported that arise when computing shape design sensitivities by the semi-analytical method. Since both the analytical and the global finite-difference method do not show these severe inaccuracies, it has been concluded that these errors are due to the numerical differentiation of the finite-element stiffness matrices, which is inherent in the semi-analytical method. Moreover, it has also been observed that these inaccuracies become especially dominant when relatively large rigid body motions can be identified for individual elements. So far, improvements to the semi-analytical method are focusing on the numerical differentiation of the finite-element stiffness matrices. It is shown in the present paper that the contribution to the design sensitivities corresponding to the rigid body motions can be evaluated by exact differentiation of the rigid body modes. This approach requires only minor programming effort and the additional computing time is very small. As shown by numerical examples, the proposed method eliminates the problem of abnormal errors occurring in the semi-analytical method. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 39 (1996), S. 2803-2820 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: finite rotations ; shells ; finite elements ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The present paper considers a finite rotation formulation for curved shell elements with rotations about the element sides as nodal degrees of freedom. Attention is mainly on the derivation of a consistent finite rotation formulation. Significant simplifications of the governing equations are presented. These simplifications lead to more efficient finite element implementations. Numerical examples demonstrate the differences between the present consistent and previous approximate formulations.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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