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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of the effects of an ergonomic-educational programme (1997)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 69 (1997), S. 475-481 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Key words Check-list ; Nursing profession ; Ergonomic failures ; Health education
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Objectives: The objectives of this study were (i) To establish whether it is possible to assess by means of a check-list in a reliable way errors which violated biomechanical and ergonomical principles during nursing tasks, and (ii) to study the effectiveness of an ergonomic-educational course by using this check-list. Materials and methods: Trainees (n=12) and a control group of nurses (n=12) who did not attend the course, performed three nursing activities at three points in time under standardized conditions; once before and twice after the course had ended. Their performances were recorded on video. A check-list was developed to assess the number of ergonomic errors made during the test performances. Two observers completed the check-lists after having watched five videotapes, and one of them did this for a second time 3 weeks later, in order to assess inter- and intra-observer reliability. In addition the tapes of all nurses were scored and analysed on differences in the performance of the two groups at the three points in time. Percentage of agreement and kappa (κ) was used to express inter- and intra-observer reliability. Student’s t-test was used to analyse the differences in mean percentages of errors. Results: The inter- and intra-observer reliability were 92% with κ of 0.84, and 93% with κ of 0.86, respectively. Further results showed that the mean percentages of errors made by the control group remained the same at the three measurement times. However, in the trainee group a significant decrease in errors was found. The trainees made fewer errors at all three points in time than the controls did. Conclusion: It appears feasible to create a check-list to assess ergonomic errors in a reliable way. Trainees make fewer errors after an ergonomic-educational course. It is necessary, however, to evaluate whether trained nurses work more safely in their daily duties than during the study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004200050176
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bronchial hyperresponsiveness and exposure in pig farmers (1997)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 70 (1997), S. 327-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Key words Occupational exposure ; Confinement farming ; Quaternary ammonium compounds ; Lung function
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: To study the effect of exposure on bronchial responsiveness in pig farmers. Method: A group of 196 pig farmers were tested for lung function and bronchial responsiveness to histamine in the summer of 1992. To achieve sufficient contrast in respiratory morbidity and exposure, 96 of the farmers were selected because they had chronic respiratory symptoms and the remaining 100 because they were free from any respiratory symptoms. Personal exposure to dust, endotoxins and ammonia was measured during 1 working day in the summer of 1991 and 1 day in the winter of 1992. Data on farm characteristics were gathered in the same period. Results: After adjusting for age and smoking behaviour, mild bronchial responsiveness, defined as PC10≤ 16 mg/ml, was associated with the use of quaternary ammonium compounds as disinfectant [prevalence odds ratio (POR) 6.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4–32.8], use of wood-shavings as bedding (POR 13.3, CI 1.3–136.7), use of automated dry feeding (POR 2.8, CI 1.0–7.8), use of pellets as feeding material (POR 4.8, CI 1.1–21.1) and location of air exhaust via pit or roof in the confinement units (POR 2.7, CI 1.2–6.3). The association with the use of disinfectants other than quaternary ammonium compounds was not significant (POR 2.4, CI 0.7–8.4). No associations between bronchial responsiveness and measured exposure to dust, endotoxins or ammonia were discernible. Conclusion: Protective measures, designed to prevent airway disease in confinement farming, should be based on information about the operational and other characteristics of farms that are related to high exposure and health effects. Specifically, the use of quaternary ammonium compounds as disinfectant, the use of wood-shavings as bedding and the use of automated dry feeding should be discouraged.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004200050226
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A LISREL analysis of work-related risk factors and health complaints in the nursing profession (1998)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 71 (1998), S. 537-542 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Key words Multivariate analysis ; Musculoskeletal complaints ; Psychosomatic complaints ; Work postures ; Work pressure ; Nurses
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: AbstractObjectives: To fit a model which describes the complex interaction between various work-related factors and both musculoskeletal and psychosomatic complaints of nurses simultaneously and to compare the results with those of two LISREL models, in which the health outcome variables are analyzed separately in terms of their correlation with the same set of work-related factors. Materials and methods: Nurses (n = 718) working in four Dutch nursing homes completed a questionnaire about work-related factors and musculoskeletal and psychosomatic complaints (response 81%). LISREL was used to describe and analyse the models. Results: The full model had a reasonable overall fit. The strongest (and statistically significant) correlations were found between work postures and musculoskeletal complaints and between psychosocial work demands and psychosomatic complaints. In the two single models, health outcomes showed statistically significant correlations with the same work-related factors as they did in the full model. The full model could be slightly improved when the variable somatized complaints (e.g., dizzyness, headache) was related both to musculoskeletal complaints and to psychosomatic complaints. Conclusions: Although a model that simultaneously describes more dependent variables appears to provide a better approximation of the complexity of the actual relationship between work-related factors and health effects, the models in which only one health outcome is studied seem to give a proper description of the data at hand. This is an important finding because these single health outcome models resemble the usual analysis strategy by means of standard regression analysis. The adapted version of the full model suggests that musculoskeletal complaints of nurses can partly be understood as non-specific health complaints.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004200050320
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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