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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (13)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peripheral nerve injury triggers central sprouting of myelinated afferents (1992)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 355 (1992), S. 75-78 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Peripheral nerve injury in humans is associated with decreased or abnormal sensations, including pain8'12. Here we examined whether structural changes in the central terminals of the axotomized primary afferent neurons have a particular role in the development of these sensory ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/355075a0
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in trkA expression in the dorsal root ganglion after peripheral nerve injury (1999)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 127 (1999), S. 141-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Key words Axotomy ; Nerve growth factor ; Neuropathic pain ; TrkA-immunoreactivity ; trkA mRNA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Most of the biological effects of nerve growth factor (NGF) are mediated by TrkA, the high affinity receptor for NGF. Previous studies have shown that NGF levels in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) fluctuate following a peripheral nerve injury. The present study examined changes of TrkA immunoreactivity and trkA mRNA expression in the DRG after segmental nerve ligation. In the normal L5 DRG of the rat, there were, on average, 4700 TrkA-immunoreactive (TrkA-IR) neurons, representing 42% of the total neuronal population. Following L5 spinal nerve ligation, the number of TrkA-IR neurons in the L5 DRG slowly declined, reducing by 25% at 1 week and 35% at 3 weeks postoperation (PO). In contrast, trkA mRNA in these ganglia showed a significant decrease from 3 days to 3 weeks PO and was followed by a full recovery at 2 months PO. The early decrease of trkA mRNA is likely due to deprivation of target-derived NGF, which is caused by nerve ligation, and the recovery might be because substitute sources of NGF become available. Despite the decline in trkA mRNA in the ganglion, 3000 injured DRG neurons sustain TrkA immunoreactivity, suggesting that exogenous NGF can still influence these TrkA expressing neurons, even though they are isolated from the periphery. Accordingly, the effects of endogenous NGF should be as well manifested by local administration of NGF to the ganglion as to the stump of the damaged nerve.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002210050783
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Cytophotometric analysis of the DNA in the nucleus of the giant cell, R-2, in Aplysia (1971)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 32 (1971), S. 205-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract DNA was cytophotometrically measured in Feulgen stained nuclei of R-2, the giant neuron of the abdominal ganglion in Aplysia. The data indicate that the nucleus hag a volume of more than 7 X 106 μ3 in large animals, and contains as much as 75000 times the haploid amount of DNA. To our knowledge, this is the most highly polyploid nucleus yet described. Furthermore, the amount of DNA increases with growth, going from approximately 2000 times the haploid amount in small animals to over 75000 times in large animals. The data suggest that the increase in DNA occurs in increments, each increment having approximately twice the DNA as the one before. Thus we suggest that the increase in DNA in the nucleus of R-2 results from the entire genome replicating without accompanying cell division.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00286009
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A cytologic analysis of the bag cell control of egg laying in AplysiaThis research is supported by grants NB08109 and NB07711 from the National Institutes of Health. (1970)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 132 (1970), S. 461-485 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A fine structural analysis of the ovotestis in Aplysia was undertaken in order to analyze the site of action of the bag cell hormone. Five stages of oocyte development are described. Of particular interest is the fact that the yolk seems to be synthesized primarily by the granular endoplasmic reticulum. In addition, small muscle cells whose long, thin processes surround the follicle of the ovotestis have been pointed out. This paper suggests that bag cell extract has a direct action on these small muscle cells causing them to contract and thus expel oocytes from the ovotestis. The evidence for this suggestion is that (1) these muscle cells are the most obvious effector cells in the ovotestis, (2) there are no signs of neural innervation of these muscles, (3) the time course for the liberation of the oocytes is so short that any other method of oocyte release is unlikely, (4) there is no cytologic evidence for any other expulsion process except muscular contraction, and (5) the ripe oocytes are attached to other cells of the wall of the ovotestis only by very small, simple junctions, thus making them the most likely cells to be expelled by muscular contraction.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051320407
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The ganglion-connective junction in the central nervous system of the leech, Hirudo medicinalisSupported in part by Research grant GM-10182 from the Institute of General Medical Sciences, National Institutes of Health, United States Public Health Service and in part by Research grant GB-3593 from the National Science Foundation. (1966)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 119 (1966), S. 417-423 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Classical studies of the nervous system of the leech revealed that there were specific types of very large glial cells associated with various parts of the neuron. Recent microelectrode studies demonstrated that there was a low resistance to the flow charge from any one of these large glial cells to another. The present study describes a previously unreported type of glial cell, the glial cell of the fascicles. These cells, which resemble the glial cells of the connectives but are smaller, are found in the fascicles of axons that unite the connectives to the neuropil. Thus, these cells are located between the glial cells of the connectives on the one hand and the glial cells of the neuropil and packets on the other and must be taken into account in considerations of the low resistance to the transfer of charge from one glial cell to another.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051190403
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A fine structural analysis of the statocyst in Aplysia californicaThis research is partially supported by grant GB-3595 from the National Science Foundation and grant 1-RO1-NB07711-01 from the U.S.P.H.S. The author is a recipient of career development award 5-KO3-GM-31754-02. (1969)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 127 (1969), S. 113-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Each statocyst in Apylsia californica contains 13 neurons. The statocyst nerve, which connects each statocyst to the cerebral ganglion, contains only the 13 axons of the statocyst neurons. The size of the statocyst, the number of neurons in the statocyst, and the average axonal diameter does not change even though the statocyst nerve lengthens greatly as the animal enlarges. A description of the statoconia and the supporting cells in this organ has been given. This prepazation may be useful for microelectrode studies designed to test whether the gap and cytoplasmic specializations that are used to identify active synapses, are necessary for all types of chemical synaptic transmission.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051270107
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Verification of the disector method for counting neurons, with comments on the empirical method (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 231 (1991), S. 573-578 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The empirical and disector methods are unbiased sampling methods for determining numbers of neurons. The present study verifies and thus calibrates these methods by determining true numbers of ganglion cells in serial reconstructions and then using each method to estimate the same populations. The empirical method gives accurate counts but is laborious (inefficient). Five separate disector analyses, distinguished by height (h), were done for each ganglion. The findings are: (1) that the estimates are consistently low when h is minimal (reference and look-up sections are adjacent), but (2) the estimates are accurate when h is greater (one to four sections intervene between reference and look-up sections). We ascribe the difficulties with the first disector to “lost” or “invisible” caps. We emphasize that we would not have known of the problem unless we verified our counts. If there is suspicion that difficulties with profile recognition might occur, we recommend that serial sections of an appropriately chosen sample of tissue be prepared and 500-1,000 neurons (or, more generally, particles) be reconstructed. Then the method of choice can be used on the issue of choice to make certain of the necessary accuracy before proceeding with the main study.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092310419
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An electron-dense extracellular material in the nervous system of Aplysia (1977)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 187 (1977), S. 281-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: An electron dense material is found in the extracellular space of the nervous system of Aplysia, a marine mollusc whose ganglia are widely studied by neurobiologists. This material appears to consist of irregular electron-dense granules, with diameters of approximately 600 Å. This material is found between the glial cells that surround the neuronal perikarya. It is not found in other regions of the nervous system. Because it is found in the ganglion cell layer of the nervous system and because the neurons contain what may be the precursor of this substance, the electron-dense material is regarded as most probably being a neuronal product. The importance of this material is that it is one of the few examples of visible structure in the extracellular space of the nervous system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091870302
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of potassium ferricyanide in neural fixation (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 197 (1980), S. 297-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The present study suggests a mixture of buffered osmic acid and 1.5% potassium ferricyanide as a post-fixation to improve the fixation of neural tissue. This procedure results in an improved preservation of membranes as well as cytoplasm and cytoplasmic organelles. It is to be emphasized that the quality of the initial perfusion is the primary determinant of quality of the fixation, but the addition of 1.5% potassium ferricyanide to post-fixation fluid makes good fixation better and allows data to be gathered from otherwise unusable material.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091970304
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Autoradiographic and chemical localization of 5-hydroxytryptamine in identified neurons in the leech (1972)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 172 (1972), S. 489-498 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The large leech neurons known as Retzius cells contain substantial amounts of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) stored in granules. Previous studies show that these cells are able to make 5-HT from precursors. The present study, which is a combined chemical and autoradiographic analysis of these cells after the administration of radioactive 5-HT or 5-HTP, confirms that the cells make 5-HT from precursors. In addition, this study shows that the cells can acquire and store 5-HT when it is present in the environment. Thus, if 5-HT is available, these cells need not manufacture this compound from precursors. Furthermore, the newly acquired 5 HT seems to be stored in the granules that characterize these cells. Finally, this study shows that the Retzius acquire or make the 5-HT in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091720303
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