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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of N-Acetylaspartic Acid in Human Cerebrospinal Fluid by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 54 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: N-Acetyl-L-aspartic acid was identified and determined in human cerebrospinal fluid. The concentration in lumbar fluid was about 2 nmol/ml and about 20 nmol/ml in ventricular fluid. There was no difference between healthy subjects and schizophrenic patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1990.tb01208.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas Chromatographic-Mass Spectrometric Determination of myo-Inositol in Human Cerebrospinal Fluid (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 45 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The concentration of free myo-inositol in CSF was determined with a gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method using deuterated myo-inositol as an internal standard after conversion to the hexa-O-acetyl derivative with acetic anhydride and pyridine. Twenty microliters of CSF is sufficient for the analysis which has a coefficient of variation of 9%. Identical analytical results were obtained on two different mass numbers. Schizophrenic patients were compared with healthy control persons. In addition, patients with rheumatoid arthritis or with neurological illnesses were studied. No consistent differences related to the illness could be found. The mean concentration of myo-inositol was about 25 μg/ml. Treatment of schizophrenic patients with chlorpromazine or sulpiride had no significant effect on the concentration of myo-inositol in CSF.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1985.tb03992.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification and Determination of 1-Methylimidazole-4-Acetic Acid in Human Cerebrospinal Fluid by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (1983)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 40 (1983), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: A method for the quantification of 1-methylimidazole-4-acetic acid in human CSF was developed. Methylimidazole-acetic acid was identified and quantitated in CSF. The method involves concentration of the compound on a cation exchanger, extraction of the methyl ester with ethyl acetate, and preparation of a heptafluorobutyryl derivate of the methyl ester, which is finally purified by chromatography on silica gel and quantitated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with the deuterated analogue as internal standard. The coefficient of variation at 1 ng/ml was 13%. The limit of sensitivity was about 0.2 ng/ml. The concentration of methylimidazole-acetic acid in lumbar CSF from healthy volunteers was below 1 ng/ml. Ventricular CSF contained higher concentrations than lumbar fluid. The existence of a rostrocaudal concentration gradient was established. There was a correlation between the concentration of methylimidazole-acetic acid and tele-methylhistamine in CSF. The concentration of methylimidazole-acetic acid in lumbar CSF from schizophrenic patients, patients with subarachnoidal haemorrhage, or patients with rheumatic disease was in the range of that in healthy volunteers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1983.tb08034.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification and Determination of Tele-Methylhistamine in Cerebrospinal Fluid by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 37 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The presence of tele-methylhistamine in human cerebrospinal fluid has been established. The concentration was determined with the use of deuterated tele-methylhistamine. The preparation of the deuterated standard is described. The concentration range in samples from neuropsychiatric patients was 0.1-2.5 ng/ml. The structure of the pentafluoropropionyl derivative used for gas chromatography was studied with the aid of proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1981.tb00478.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of 1-Methylimidazole-4-Acetic Acid in Brain Tissue from Rat and Mouse (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 43 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The concentration of the histamine metabolite 1-methylimidazole-4-acetic acid was determined in brain tissue from rat and mouse with a gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method. Mouse brain contained 1.7-3.2 nmol/g, depending on the strain. The concentration in cerebrum from Sprague-Dawley rats was 1.2 nmol/g, whereas cerebellum contained 0.24 nmol/g. The concentration of tele-methylhistamine in mouse brain was 1.4-2.2 nmol/g. The concentration of 1-methylimidazole-4-acetic acid in rat brain after death did not change significantly during 2 h at room temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1984.tb12805.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PET examination of [11C]NNC 687 and [11C]NNC 756 as new radioligands for the D1-dopamine receptor (1993)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 113 (1993), S. 149-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Positron emission tomography ; D1-dopamine receptors ; NNC 687 ; NNC 756 ; Cynomolgus monkey ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The benzazepines NNC 687 and NNC 756 have in animal studies been described as selective D1-dopamine receptor antagonists. Both compounds have been labeled with11C for examination by positron emission tomography (PET). In the present study central receptor binding was studied in monkeys and healthy men. After IV injection of both radioligands in Cynomolgus monkeys radioactivity accumulated markedly in the striatum, a region with a high density of D1-dopamine receptors. This striatal uptake was displaced by high doses of the selective D1-antagonist SCH 23390 (2 mg/kg) but not by the 5HT2-antagonist ketanserin (1.5 mg/kg) or the selective D2-antagonist raclopride (3 mg/kg). The cortical uptake after injection of [11C]NNC 687 was not reduced in displacement experiments with ketanserin. The cortical uptake of [11C]NNC 756 was reduced in displacement and protection experiments with ketanserin by 24–28% (1.5 mg/kg), whereas no reduction could be demonstrated on striatal uptake. In healthy males both compounds accumulated markedly in the striatum. For [11C]NNC 687 the ratio of radioactivity in the putamen to cerebellum was about 1.5. For [11C]NNC 756 the ratio was about 5. This ratio of 5 for [11C]NNC 756 is the highest obtained so far for PET radioligands for the D1-dopamine receptor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02245691
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simultaneous determination of the three major monoamine metabolites in brain tissue and body fluids by a mass fragmentographic method (1976)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 48 (1976), S. 147-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Mass fragmentography ; 5-Hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid ; 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylacetic acid ; 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylethylene glycol ; Cerebrospinal fluid ; Brain ; Urine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A mass fragmentographic method for the simultaneous determination of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylacetic acid (HVA), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylethylene glycol (MOPEG), and 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA) was described. Deuterated analogues of the compounds were used as internal standards. The specificity was proved by multiple ion analysis. The experimental error was below 7% when applied to the analysis of human lumbar cerebrospinal fluid, urine, or rat brain tissue. In cerebrospinal fluid the major part of the monoamine metabolites occurred in the free form. In rat brain and human urine considerable amounts of conjugated HVA was found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00423253
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of a potential positron emission tomographic radioligand for the dopamine transporter (1994)
    Springer
    European journal of nuclear medicine 21 (1994), S. 131-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Dopamine transporter ; NNC 12-0722 ; Carbon-11 ; Positron emission tomography ; In vitro autoradiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract NNC 12-0722 (1-[2-(bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy)ethyl]-4-methyl piperazine) is a new selective inhibitor of the dopamine transporter. [11C]NNC 12-0722 was prepared by N-methylation of the desmethyl compound with [11C]methyl iodide. The total radiochemical yield of [11C]NNC 12-0722 was 40%–50% with an overall synthesis time of 30–35 min. The radiochemical purity was higher than 99% and the specific radioactivity about 1500 Ci/mmol (55 GBq/μmol). Autoradiographic examination of [11C]NNC 12-0722 binding on whole hemisphere cryosections from human brain post mortem demonstrated specific binding in the caudate nucleus and putamen. In a positron emission tomographic examination of [11C]NNC 12-0722 in a cynomolgus monkey there was a rapid uptake of radioactivity in the brain. In the striatum, a region with a high density of dopamine transporters, the radioactivity was two times higher than in the cerebellum. These results indicate that [11C]NNC 12-0722 may be a useful radioligand for labelling of the dopamine transporter in man.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00175760
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Positron emission tomography shows high specific uptake of racemic carbon-11 labelled norepinephrine in the primate heart (1994)
    Springer
    European journal of nuclear medicine 21 (1994), S. 345-347 
    Details
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Norepinephrine ; Positron emission tomography ; Heart ; Monkeys
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract (−)-Norepinephrine is the predominant neurotransmitter of the sympathetic innervation of the heart. Racemic norepinephrine was labelled with carbon-11 and injected i.v. into Cynomolgus monkeys. Five minutes after injection there was a more than tenfold higher radioactivity in the heart than in adjacent tissue. Pretreatment with the norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor desipramine reduced the uptake by more than 80%. The high specific uptake of racemic [11C]norepinephrine indicates that enatiomerically pure (−)-[11C]norepinephrine has promising potential for detailed mapping of the sympathetic innervation of the human myocardium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00947971
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bromine-76 and carbon-11 labelled NNC 13-8199, metabolically stable benzodiazepine receptor agonists as radioligands for positron emission tomography (PET) (1997)
    Springer
    European journal of nuclear medicine 24 (1997), S. 1261-1267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Key words: NNC 13-8199 ; Benzodiazepine receptor agonist ; Positron emission tomography ; Carbon-11 ; Bromine-76
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. NNC 13-8241 has recently been labelled with iodine-123 and developed as a metabolically stable benzodiazepine receptor ligand for single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in monkeys and man. NNC 13-8199 is a bromo-analogue of NNC 13-8241. This partial agonist binds selectively and with subnanomolar affinity to the benzodiazepine receptors. We prepared 76Br labelled NNC 13-8199 from the trimethyltin precursor by the chloramine-T method. Carbon-11 labelled NNC 13-8199 was synthesised by N-alkylation of the nitrogen of the amide group with [11C]methyl iodide. Positron emission tomography (PET) examination with the two radioligands in monkeys demonstrated a high uptake of radioactivity in the occipital, temporal and frontal cortex. In the study with [76Br]NNC 13-8199, the monkey brain uptake continued to increase until the time of displacement with flumazenil at 215 min after injection. For both radioligands the radioactivity in the cortical brain regions was markedly reduced after displacement with flumazenil. More than 98% of the radioactivity in monkey plasma represented unchanged radioligand 40 min after injection. The low degree of metabolism indicates that NNC 13-8199 is metabolically much more stable than hitherto developed PET radioligands for imaging of benzodiazepine receptors in the primate brain. [76Br]NNC 13-8199 has potential as a radioligand in human PET studies using models where a slow metabolism is an advantage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002590050150
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