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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 71 (1992), S. 5969-5975 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In this work, we compare experimental measured density of defects in amorphous silicon-carbon alloys with a theoretical expression obtained by applying a thermodynamic equilibrium defects model to the intrinsic defect concentration in the semiconductor. The samples were deposited under different conditions of hydrogen dilutions and two substrate temperatures. The density of defects was determined by photothermal deflection and photoconductivity spectroscopy. The expression of the equilibrium density of defects is obtained starting from the canonical partition function assuming two independent systems of Si-Si and Si-C dangling bonds. A weak-bond defect formation reaction is assumed in the analysis. Linear approximations of the equilibrium temperature and the valence band exponential decay (Urbach's tail) are used for the numerical calculations. The trend of the experimental data are well represented by the theoretical expression. The model, however, overestimates the density of defects in samples deposited onto substrata maintained at the lower of two temperatures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 71 (1992), S. 545-545 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 68 (1990), S. 3786-3788 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The room-temperature cathodoluminescence of diamondlike films produced by glow discharge is reported. The material was deposited onto dc biased substrates maintained at relatively low temperature (〈100 °C). Two visible peaks around 2.3 eV (green) and 2.7 eV (blue-violet) were identified which are commonly found in natural and synthetic diamond, indicating the presence of crystalline particles in the films. Moreover, x-ray diffraction spectra of the samples before cathodoluminescence studies are identical to the ones reported for natural powder diamond.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 71 (1992), S. 267-272 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This work reports the influence of diluting with hydrogen the gaseous mixture of methane and silane on the electrical and optical properties of silicon–carbon alloys deposited by glow discharge. Impressively high secondary photoconductivities, low density of gap defects states and Urbach energy parameter were found in materials prepared in suitable hydrogen dilution conditions. Experiments on temperature dependence of dark and under white light illumination conductivity are also reported and interpreted. Depending on the dilution and substrate temperature, the Fermi level shift toward the conduction band, suggesting a combined effect of low density of defects and sensitization as the causes of the high photoconductivities. IR studies show that appropriate hydrogen dilution and substrate temperature prevent the silicon atoms from forming high order hydrides. Consequently, a more compact structure with better electronic properties is obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 71 (1992), S. 4092-4093 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We show that the theoretical arguments used in the preceding comment do not apply to our experiments, and that our interpretation of the behavior of the Si-H stretching band in a-SiC:H in terms of structural influences is correct.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 7805-7811 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Amorphous silicon carbide (a-Si1−xCx:H) samples having x ≤ 0.4 were studied by infrared and visible spectroscopy. Treatment by factor analysis of the 2000–2100 cm−1 absorption band of the spectra allows us to interpret this particular vibrational mode in terms of only two independent contributions. The analysis shows that polarization inductive shifting is not significant. An IR study of the evolution of this band during oxidation of porous samples was also performed. All the experimental evidence indicates that the growth of free volumes induced by the presence of carbon plays the most important role in the behavior of the 2000–2100 cm−1 band upon stoichiometric variations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 92 (2002), S. 764-770 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The influence of hydrogen and oxygen on stainless steel implanted by nitrogen low-energy ions is systematically studied. It is shown that hydrogen intervenes moderately in the process only when the oxygen partial pressure in the deposition chamber is relatively high. For very low-oxygen partial pressures, the energetic nitrogen molecules impinging on the substrate sputter the thin oxide layer formed on the substrate. This allows the growing of a rich nitrogen layer beneath the surface, improving the diffusing of the implanted atom deeper in the bulk material. For higher-oxygen partial pressures, the sputtering is ineffective, and an oxide layer partially covers the surface even in the presence of hydrogen. The maximum depth penetration of nitrogen depends on the degree of oxygen coverage, which is fairly well described by a Langmuir absorption isothermal. Hardness depth profiling is consistent with the existence of a diffusion barrier formed by the oxygen absorbed on the surface. In order to understand the role of hydrogen on the nitriding process, samples preimplanted with hydrogen were subsequently treated with nitrogen and the hardness depth profiling analyzed. These results may provide a clue about the practical consequences of oxygen and hydrogen on the nitriding process. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 36 (1981), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Twenty-four Hereford × Friesian cows and their South Devon cross calves were allocated to three herbage allowances allotted daily for three periods of 8 weeks in a Latin square design. The daily allowances were 17, 34 and 51 g dry matter per kg cow plus calf live weight. Milk production was depressed by 0·2 and 1·2 kg d-1 at the medium and low allowances. The corresponding falls in liveweight gain were for cows 0·26 and 0·25, and for calves 0·27 and 0·24 kg d-1. Residual sward height after grazing gave a better indication of the animals' reaction to sward conditions and the management imposed than actual herbage allowance. The quantity per unit area and the composition of material present were important factors influencing intake. Calves were unable to compete with their dams to maintain herbage intake at the lower allowances and therefore are likely to benefit from additional feeding or creep grazing when residual sward height falls below 6cm for periods in excess of 1–2 weeks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 36 (1981), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Groups of eight Hereford × Friesian cows and their South Devon cross calves were set stocked over a 24-week grazing season at 3·23 (low), 3·21 (medium) or 4·24 (high) cows ha-1 together with their calves. For the first 8 weeks only two-thirds of the total area was grazed. Increasing the stocking rate from low to medium reduced daily milk yield and cow and calf liveweight gains by 1·2, 0·24 and 0·29 kg d-1 respectively, and from medium to high by 1·2, 0·24 and 0·23 kg d-1. The main sward factor influencing faecal output and herbage intake was the quantity of organic matter on the pastures but the digestibility of the herbage selected also exerted a significant effect on the intake of cows. Major depressions in the herbage intake of cows occurred once the average sward height fell below 7 cm. Output of calf live weight was 628, 658 and 743 kg ha-1 for the 3 stocking rates from low to high, and for cows 246, 179 and 30 kg ha-1. It was concluded that decisions on pasture management should be taken in relation to the cow rather than the calf on set-stocked swards.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 73 (1998), S. 1065-1067 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The isotopic effect on the infrared spectra is used to determine the existence of nitrogen–hydrogen bonds in amorphous carbon–nitrogen alloys (a-CNx) prepared by dual-ion-beam-assisted deposition. The deuteration experiments and the evolution of the infrared spectra upon atmospheric exposure show that hydroxyls are incorporated from atmospheric moisture. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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