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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bone resorption and circulating PTH-like bioactivity in an animal model of hypercalcaemia of malignancy
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 161 (1989), S. 1166-1171 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-291X(89)91364-8
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative analysis of T6-positive Langerhans cells in human skin cancers (1986)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 410 (1986), S. 57-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Langerhans cells ; Basal cell carcinomas ; Squamous cell carcinomas ; Quantitative analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) are required for antigen-presentation and for stimulating antigen-specific T cell activation. Similar functions may be important in the immune response to malignant skin tumours. Monoclonal anti-T6 antibody was used to examine LC population in basal and squamous cell carcinomas. Positive control labeling was performed with monoclonal anti-HLA-DR antibody. The number of T6-positive LC per mm2 of section was significantly decreased (p〈0.01) in the tumour group in comparison with a sex and age-matched control group. The number of sun-exposed and covered regions was taken into consideration in each respective group. Within the tumours, LC were found more frequently in the tumour periphery and in most differentiated tumour areas (horn pearls) than in the rest of the tumour mass. T6-positive LC were rarely found in the dermis. Moreover, LC exhibited morphological changes in specimens from tumours. Staining with anti-HLA-DR antibody revealed less numerous positive cells within tumour nests than labeling with OKT6. A relationship between T6-positive LC quantities and extent of HLA-DR-positive infiltrates around tumours could not be established. These results suggest that immunological surveillance of neoantigen-bearing tumour cells may be impaired in skin cancer. A reason for the reduced LC number may be an altered microenvironment in tumour tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00710906
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of anthropometric parameters on ultrasound measurements of os calcis (1995)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 5 (1995), S. 371-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Anthropometric parameters ; BUA ; SOS ; Ultrasound
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Few data have been published concerning the influence of height, weight and body mass index (BMI) on broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA), speed of sound (SOS) and Lunar “stiffness” index, and always in small population samples. The first aim of the present cross-sectional study was to determine whether anthropometric factors have a significant influence on ultrasound measurements. The second objective was to establish whether these parameters have real effect on bone or whether their infuence is due only to measurement errors. We measured, in 271 healthy French women (mean age 77±11 years; range 31–97 years), the following parameters: age, height, weight, lean and fat body mass, heel width, foot length, knee height and height of the external malleolus (HEM). Simple linear regression analyses between ultrasound and anthropometric parameters were performed. Age, height and heel width were significant predictors of SOS; age, height, weight, foot length, heel width, HEM, fat mass and lean mass were significant predictors of BUA; age, height, weight, heel width, HEM, fat mass and lean mass were significant predictors of stiffness. In the multiple regression analysis, once the analysis had been adjusted for age, only heel width was a significant predictor for SOS (p=0.0007), weight for BUA (p=0.0001), and weight (p=0.0001) and heel width (p=0.004) for the stiffness index. Besides their statistical meaning, the regression coefficients have a more clinically relevant interpretation which is developed in the text. These results confirm the influence of anthropometric factors on the ultrasonic parameter values, because BUA and SOS were in part dependent on heel width and weight. The influence of the position of the transducer on the calcaneus should be taken into account to optimize the methods of measurement using ultrasound.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01622259
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human parathyroid peptide treatment of vertebral osteoporosis (1993)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 3 (1993), S. 199-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Previous studies have shown that treatment with daily injections of human parathyroid peptide (hPTH) 1-34 increase axial cancellous bone mass partially at the expense of peripheral cortical bone. In the present work the same hPTH 1-34 regime given for 12 months has been combined with oestrogen or nandrolone therapy to control peripheral bone resorption. Spinal and iliac cancellous (but not cortical) bone increased by 40%–50% above initial values while no perceptible changes occurred in radial cortical or cancellous bone. The evidence of radiokinetic and histomorphometric studies performed before and in the last months of treatment suggested that bone remodeling had proceeded through a transient anabolic phase with increased activation, but that activation had become normal after 11–12 months in the cancellous bone of the ilium whereas it continued to be raised elsewhere in the skeleton. It is concluded that in combination with oestrogens, hPTH peptides given daily injections hold great promise for the treatment of patients with osteoporosis who have already lost substantial amounts of spinal cancellous bone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01621906
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mean wall thickness and formation periods of trabecular bone packets in corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis (1983)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 35 (1983), S. 410-417 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone remodeling ; Histomorphometry ; Corticosteroid therapy ; Osteoporosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary We have compared the mean wall thickness (MWT) and active formation periods (sigmaf(A)) of trabecular bone packets in iliac crest biopsies from 20 patients (7 male, 13 female) with corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis (CS-OP) and 20 age- and sex-matched controls. The trabecular bone volume (TBV) of the CS-OP patients (9.6%±2.2% [SD]) was significantly reduced compared to controls (19.3%±5.1%). The MWT of CS-OP patients (32.7±4.3 µm) was also significantly lower than the control value (48.0±6.2 µm). There was a positive correlation between MWT and TBV in both groups. The mineralization rate (M) of the CS-OP patients (0.54±0.25 µm/day) was within the normal range, and since there was no increase in osteoid seam thickness, so therefore was the osteoblastic appositional rate (OAR). The active formation period of trabecular bone packets (sigmaf(A)=MWT/M) was significantly lower in the CS-OP patients (55.9 ± 14.4 days) than in the control group (68.1 ± 9.4 days). MWT and sigmaf(A) both decreased with age in the control group, whereas in the CS-OP group they were independent of age. We conclude that corticosteroid therapy results in a reduction of the MWT of trabecular bone packets and, consequently, of TBV. In these patients, where the OAR was normal, the reduction in MWT was apparently caused by a shortening of the lifespan of the active osteoblastic population at the basic multicellular unit (BMU) level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02405069
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Marrow changes in paraplegic patients (1984)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 36 (1984), S. 338-340 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02405340
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fractal Analysis of Bone Texture on Os Calcis Radiographs Compared with Trabecular Microarchitecture Analyzed by Histomorphometry (1998)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 63 (1998), S. 121-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Fractal analysis—Os calcis—Radiographs—Histomorphometry—Microarchitecture.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Microarchitecture of trabecular bone is an important determinant of bone fragility; to date, its evaluation requires bone biopsy with histomorphometry analysis. Methods of noninvasive characterization of trabecular bone microarchitecture are in development and we have developed and validated a bone texture analysis applied to bone radiographs and based on fractal geometry. The aim of our study was to compare this fractal analysis of trabecular bone texture on radiographs to the trabecular microarchitecture analyzed by bone histomorphometry on os calcis biopsies. Thirty eight ossa calcis from 19 human cadavers were studied. Fractal analysis of the trabecular bone of os calcis radiographs was performed by the maximum likelihood estimator following the fractional brownian motion model. The ossa calcis were dissected, then transcortical biopsy cores focused on the fractal analysis region of interest were obtained. Structural and connectivity parameters were measured with both automatic and semiautomatic analyzers. We have found a significant relationship between the fractal Hmean parameter and structural histomorphometric indices; the best correlation was found with trabecular separation (r =−0.55; P= 0.0004). Based on a stepwise regression analysis, trabecular spacing and trabeculae number together would explain 38% of the variance of the fractal parameter. Although the relationship with connectivity indices was poor, our fractal analysis of os calcis trabecular bone texture on radiographs seemed to partially reflect the trabecular bone microarchitecture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900501
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    hPTH 1–34 treatment of osteoporosis with added hormone replacement therapy: Biochemical, kinetic and histological responses (1991)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 1 (1991), S. 162-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Hormone replacement therapy ; hPTH 1–34 treatment ; Osteoporosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Twelve patients with vertebral fracture osteoporosis were recruited into a trial of treatment with hPTH 1–34 by daily injection for 1 year combined (from the 5th month) with an anti-resorptive agent (oestrogen, n=9; nandrolone, n=3). Treatment outcomes were monitored by biochemical and radiotracer measurements together with histomorphometry of transiliac biopsies before and at the end of treatment following double in vivo pre-labelling with demethylchlortetracyc-line. Indices of whole body bone formation, obtained from the analysis of85Sr data, showed substantial increases (P〈0.005) for all three indices measured) while biochemical (hydroxyproline) and kinetic measurements of bone resorption showed modest and equivocal changes only. As a result calcium balance improved. Gastrointestinal calcium absorption showed a tendency to improve, while urine calcium decreased; but these changes were statistically not significant except for radiocalcium absorption in the oestrogen treated subgroup. Histomorphometry revealed substantial increases in cancellous bone volume as reported previously with hPTH 1–34 given alone. However, iliac (as distinct from whole body) indices related to bone formation and resorption appeared to have returned towards pre-treatment values by the time of the second biopsy under the influence of the anti-resorptive agent given with the hPTH 1–34. It is confirmed that hPTH 1–34 therapy can increase iliac cancellous bone mass (as well as spinal cancellous bone mass as reported earlier) without a long-term increment in whole body bone resorption, providing the hPTH is combined with an anti-resorptive agent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01625448
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-Resolution Computed Tomography for Architectural Characterization of Human Lumbar Cancellous Bone: Relationships with Histomorphometry and Biomechanics (1999)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 10 (1999), S. 353-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Key words:High-resolution computed tomography – Histomorphometry – Human cancellous bone – Mechanical properties
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The aim of the present study on human vertebral cancellous bone was to validate structural parameters measured with high-resolution (150 μm) computed tomography (HRCT) by referring to histomorphometry and to try to predict mechanical properties of bone using HRCT. Two adjacent vertical cores were removed from the central part of human L2 vertebral body taken after necropsy in 22 subjects aged 47–95 years (10 women, 12 men; mean age 79 ± 14 years). The right core was used for structural analysis performed by both HRCT and histomorphometry. Two cancellous bone specimens were extracted from the left core: a cube for HRCT and a compression test, and a cylinder for a shear test. Significant correlations were found between HRCT and histomorphometric measurements (BV/TV, trabecular thickness, separation and number, and node-strut analysis), but with higher values for most of the tomographic parameters (BV/TV and trabecular thickness determined by HRCT were overestimated by a factor 3.5 and 2.5 respectively, as compared with histomorphometry). The maximum compressive strength and Young’s modulus were highly correlated (ρ= 0.99, p〈0.0005). Significant correlation was obtained between bone mineral density (determined using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) and the maximum compressive strength (ρ= 0.64, p= 0.002). In addition the maximum compressive strength and architectural parameters determined by HRCT or histomorphometry showed significant correlations (e.g., for HRCT, BV/TV: ρ = 0.88, p〈0.0005, N.Nd/TV: ρ= 0.73, p〈0.001). The shear strength was significantly correlated with BV/TV (ρ= 0.62, p= 0.002), Tb.Sp (ρ=−0.58, p= 0.004) and TSL (ρ= 0.55, p= 0.006) measured by HRCT. In conclusion, an HRCT system with 150 μm resolution is not sufficient to predict the true values of the structural parameters measured by histomorphometry, although high correlations were found between the two methods. However, we showed that a resolution of 150 μm allowed us to predict the mechanical properties of human cancellous bone. In vivo peripheral systems with such a resolution should be of interest and would deliver an acceptable radiation dose to the patient.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001980050240
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Longitudinal Study of Bone Loss in Pre- and Perimenopausal Women: Evidence for Bone Loss in Perimenopausal Women (2000)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 11 (2000), S. 493-498 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Key words:Bone loss – DXA – Markers – Perimenopause – Premenopause
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Bone loss before and around the time of menopause is not well characterized by longitudinal studies. We measured bone mineral density at various skeletal sites – total body, femoral neck, trochanter, anteroposterior (AP) and lateral spine, and forearm – with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in a large prospective cohort of 272 untreated pre- and perimenopausal women aged 31–59 years, at 1 year intervals for 3 years. Sex steroids and the following markers of bone remodeling were measured: serum osteocalcin (OC), procollagen I carboxyterminal extension peptide, bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP) and urinary crosslinks (CTX and NTX). Seventy-six women were classified as perimenopausal and 196 as premenopausal. Over the 3 years, premenopausal women had no significant bone loss at any site and a small but significant increase in bone mineral density at the trochanter, total hip, AP spine and radius. Perimenopausal women significantly lost bone from cancellous and cortical sites, i.e., the femoral neck, trochanter and lumbar spine. In perimenopausal women with increased follicle stimulating hormone, the rate of bone loss at the femoral neck correlated negatively with OC and BAP. In perimenopausal women, serum estradiol levels decreased during the 3 years of follow-up and bone loss from the trochanter and the AP spine was correlated with serum estradiol after 3 years. In conclusion, among premenopausal women there is no bone loss. In contrast, there is a rapid and diffuse bone loss in perimenopausal women, related to decreased estrogen secretion. Bone markers may be useful to identify these women losing bone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001980070091
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