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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 79 (2001), S. 4048-4050 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A detailed analysis of electrostatic interactions between a dc-biased tip and a metallic or insulating sample is presented. By using a simple method to calculate capacitances and forces, tip shape effects on the force versus tip-sample distance curves are dicussed in detail. For metallic samples the force law, except for a constant background, only depends on the tip radius of curvature. In contrast, for dielectric samples the forces depend on the overall geometry of the tip. Interestingly, we found that the contact (adhesion) force does not depend on the tip size and is bound by a simple expression which only depends on the applied bias and the sample dielectric constant.© 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1520-5827
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Aquaculture research 32 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2109
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum), is intensively cultured in Chile. An increasing proportion of the eggs necessary to sustain the culture are locally produced by some hatcheries. However, there is no information about the origin or the genetic variability in these strains. The present study analysed allozymic variability and its distribution within and between some commercial strains of coho salmon in southern Chile. The genetic variability was estimated using horizontal starch gel electrophoresis. Samples of coho salmon were obtained randomly from four Chilean hatcheries. Twenty-five enzymatic systems were examined, representing 51 enzymatic loci. Eight loci showed variability in at least one strain, which represented a total polymorphism (P) of 15.7%. Only the PGM-1* locus was variable in all strains. The remaining loci were fixed in at least one strain. Total heterozygosity (HT) and within population heterozygosity (HS) were 0.35% and 0.36% respectively. The index of genetic diversity (GST) was 1.5%. The results confirm previous reports of low genetic variability in cultured strains of coho salmon in Chile, below that observed in their native range, which suggests loss of the genetic variability caused by genetic drift or other causes in these strains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Chronic alcoholism is associated with increased total serum IgE levels.Objective The study aimed to investigate the relationship between alcohol intake and both total serum IgE levels and allergic sensitization in a general adult population.Materials and methods A total of 720 subjects was randomly selected (stratified by age) from the population older than 18 years of A-Estrada (Spain) and invited to participate in the study. From 697 eligible subjects, 469 (67%, median age 54 years, range 18 to 92 years, 44% males, 75% of cases from a rural environment) agreed to participate. A battery of 13 skin prick tests to common aeroallergens was performed in all subjects. Cases with at least one positive test (n = 121, 26%) were considered to have allergic sensitization. The most frequent sensitisers were mites and pollens (24% and 10% of subjects, respectively). Total serum IgE was measured in 465 subjects (99%). Alcohol consumption was registered as the number of standard (approximately 10 g) drinking units habitually consumed per week. A total of 244 subjects (52%) were alcohol consumers (median intake, 14 units/week, range 1 to 147 units/week). Abstainers (n = 225, 48%) constituted the reference category.Results Alcohol consumption of more than 14 units/week was associated with an increase in serum IgE levels after adjusting for age, gender, allergic sensitization and smoking (P = 0.02). Alcohol consumption was not significantly associated with either overall allergic sensitization or mite sensitization after adjusting for age, gender and smoking. However, alcohol consumption of more than 14 units/week was associated with an increased prevalence of pollen sensitization (adjusted OR 3.15, 95% CI 1.19 to 8.34, P = 0.02).Conclusion Alcohol consumption above a certain threshold is associated with an increase in total serum IgE levels. Alcohol consumption may also be associated with an increased prevalence of pollen sensitization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Weekly injections of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG; 1·5 IU g−1W) induced spermiation in 87–100% farmed male European eels Anguilla anguilla over a 10-week period, producing 3 ml (100 g)−1 milt volume, at 1˙4×109 spermatozoa ml−1 sperm mobility peaked in ninth week of treatment with 97% of males with motile sperm. Gonadotropin-treated males showed earlier but similar morphological changes to control males. Whereas higher sperm density was obtained 6 h after hCG administration, higher percentage of motile cells and longer sperm mobility were observed 24 h after the treatment indicating that this is the optimum time to obtain good sperm after the hormonal induction. Several monounsaturated fatty acids in sperm increased significantly from week 5 to 9 of treatment (when highest volume, density and mobility of milt were recorded), whereas eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were significantly reduced. Fatty acid levels returned to initial values after 13 weeks of treatment. These results are in agreement with the reduction of n-3 PUFAs recently observed in the ovary of female Japanese eel during artificial maturation, and an attempt is made to suggest a physiological explanation of its possible relation with sperm quality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 66 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: This study describes the current state of the nektonic communities in Terminos Lagoon in relation to the main environmental factors, and documents variations in number of fish species, dominance and abundance, compared to studies performed in 1980. Information on several environmental factors (temperature, salinity, oxygen, pH and transparency) in the Terminos Lagoon between October 1997 and March 1999 allowed the classification of the lagoon into five zones or subsystems. The hydrological characteristics of these subsystems showed spatial differences compared with studies carried out during the 1980s. During the study period, the number of fish species was 105, compared with 154 species reported in the 1980s. Five fish assemblages were identified and appeared to be associated with the five zones or subsystems. Five fish species considered important based on their abundance in the lagoon during the 1980s declined in numbers: pig fish Orthopristis chrysoptera, Atlantic croaker Micropogonias undulates, striped burrfish Chilomycterus schoepfi, spotted seatrout Cynoscion nebulosus and Gulf toadfish Opsanus beta. Six fish species, previously of minor importance, however, were very abundant: star drum Stellifer lanceolatus, Atlantic anchoveta Cetengraulis edentulus, gafftopsail catfish Bagre marinus, sand seatrout Cynoscion arenarius, striped mojarra Eugerres plumieri and ground croaker Bairdiella ronchus. Among the dominant species, the silver croaker Bairdiella chrysoura and the sea bream Archosargus rhomboidalis experienced significant changes in average abundance and distribution patterns. These changes were probably related to the impact of human activities in the Terminos Lagoon and natural variability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0003-5599
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A corrosion study of the intra-uterine device, "TCu 380?A", was made using cyclic voltammetry (CV), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy (OM). Blood plasma, whole blood and artificial uterine fluid were used as corrosive media in order to establish a comparative scheme of the corrosion behaviour of copper in the device. In summary, the results obtained were not only similar to work reported previously, but also provided complementary data for a better understanding of the corrosion problem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0003-5599
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Microbiologically induced corrosion of copper intrauterine devices "TCu380A" and "Nova T" by Enterobacter sp. in a synthetic intrauterine medium was investigated. The corrosion behaviour was evaluated applying cyclic voltammetry and Tafel Polarization. The surface morphology was determined using scanning electron microscopy, the corrosion products were analyzed using energy dispersive X-rays and the biofilm composition was examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with an attenuated total reflectance device.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 69 (1987), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Pérez, L., Aguilar, R. and Sánchez-de-Jiménez, E. 1987. Effect of an exogenous auxin on maize tissues. Alteration of protein synthesis and phosphorylation. - Physiol. Plantarum 69: 517–522.A synthetic auxin 2-(2-methyl-4-chloro)phenoxypropionic acid (MCPP), analogue of 2,4-D, alters maize (Zea mays L. H-30) germination while inducing callus formation. The effect of this auxin on protein synthesis and phosphorylation of the embryonic tissues was explored. Total cytoplasmic proteins were analysed for 14C or 32P incorporation into trichloroacetic acid precipitable material. MCPP significantly stimulated protein synthesis as well as protein phosphorylation. The protein synthesis pattern was highly altered in the presence of MCPP as analysed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Analyses by Sephadex G-100 chromatography and by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of phosphorylated proteins indicate that the effect of MCPP on protein phosphorylation was only quantitative.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1365-2095
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The availability of defatted soybean meal as a substitute for fish meal was evaluated in juvenile (450 g on average) yellowtail fed diets containing several levels of soybean meal (from 20 to 50%). After 153 days, liveweight averages were 980, 925, 795 and 670 g for fish fed diets in which fish meal was partially substituted with 20, 30, 40 and 50% soybean meal, and feed conversion ratios were 2.79, 3.09, 4.57 and 6.52, respectively. Regression analysis showed a negative effect of inclusion of soybean, although fish fed diets containing 20% and 30% of soybean did not present statistical differences and grew significantly more, and had a better feed conversion ratio, than fish fed 40 or 50% diets. Likewise, muscle protein level was lower and lipid content was higher in fish fed 20 or 30% soybean. No differences were obtained for protein digestibility coefficients of experimental diets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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