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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Flow effects on micellar size distribution (1990)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 94 (1990), S. 2219-2221 
    Details
    Quelle: ACS Legacy Archives
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100369a001
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Shear-induced phase transition of living polymers (micelles) (1990)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 94 (1990), S. 8381-8384 
    Details
    Quelle: ACS Legacy Archives
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100385a001
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Diffusion barrier properties of TiW between Si and Cu (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 2301-2320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: 100-nm-thick TiW (30 at. % Ti) films were used as diffusion barriers between silicon substrates and thin Cu films. Sheet resistance measurements, Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, Auger electron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and x-ray diffractometry indicated the absence of interdiffusion and structural change for unpatterned Si/TiW/Cu samples up to 775 °C if there was no exposure to air between TiW and Cu deposition and 850 °C if there was an exposure, respectively. Leakage current measurements showed no deterioration of diode junctions up to 725 °C for TiW without air exposure and 775 °C for air-exposed TiW.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353135
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Reactively sputtered TiN as a diffusion barrier between Cu and Si (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 68 (1990), S. 5176-5187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The properties of 100-nm-thick Ti55N45 and Ti45N55 films as diffusion barriers between silicon substrates and thin Cu films were studied by sheet resistance measurements, Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, Auger electron spectroscopy, secondary-ion mass spectrometry, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, x-ray diffractometry, and diode leakage current measurements. For unpatterned Si/titanium nitride/Cu samples, all the layers were intact and there was no indication of interdiffusion by conventional depth profiling techniques up to 700 °C for Ti55N45 and 900 °C for Ti45N55 after 30 s rapid thermal anneal in N2, respectively. Leakage current measurements did not show deterioration of diode junction (with junction depth of 0.25 and 0.30 μm) up to 650 °C for Ti55N45 and 800 °C for Ti45N55. The improvement in failure temperature of the N-rich Ti45N55 diffusion barrier is a result of the lower defect density and a more stable feature furnished by nitrogen stuffed at the defects.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.347059
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of elongational flow on the orientational order phase transitions and viscosity of hard rod fluids (1989)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 90 (1989), S. 597-598 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: We consider the generalized Smoluchowski equation for the orientational distribution of interacting hard rod-like particles. Using the Onsager theory of excluded volume in these systems, we solve for steady-state solutions to this equation in the special case of elongational flow. Accordingly, we obtain explicit predictions concerning the effect of such flow on the suppression of orientional ordering phase transitions and on the nonlinear behavior (dependence on velocity gradient) of the viscosity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.456459
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Shear induced deformation of polymers: Calculation of radii of gyration (1990)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 92 (1990), S. 7618-7624 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: By calculating radii of gyration of a Gaussian polymer chain in simple shear flow, we study the deformed shape of an isolated macromolecule. To order ε≡4-d (d=spatial dimensionality) and to the lowest nontrivial order in the shear rate, we consider the effect of hydrodynamic interactions on the flow induced anisotropy of the radii of gyration with respect to directions specified by the flow. We predict no change in projections of polymer shape along directions perpendicular to the flow direction, in agreement with experiment. Our results also explain the negative sign and the smallness of the second normal stress.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.458199
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Expression of Non-NMDA Glutamate Receptor Channel Genes by Clonal Human Neurons (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 63 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract: Treatment of the human teratocarcinoma line NTera2/c1.D1 (NT2) with retinoic acid induces terminal neuronal differentiation. In a previous study, we found that the neurons obtained in this way express functional N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) and non-NMDA glutamate receptor channels. We now show by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and Southern blotting that these neurons transcribe each of the nine known non-NMDA glutamate receptor genes (GluR1-7, Ka-1, and Ka-2) and that four of these genes (GluR2, GluR6, GluR7, and Ka-1) are also transcribed by undifferentiated NT2 cells. Patch clamp studies demonstrate that individual non-NMDA glutamate receptor channels are readily isolated from NT2-derived neurons and that these channels are potently modulated by the desensitization blocker cyclothiazide. NT2-derived neurons are susceptible to kainate excitotoxicity but are not injured by prolonged exposure to α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate. We expect that the NT2-derived human neuronal culture system will facilitate studies of human neuronal non-NMDA glutamate receptor channels and of the pathophysiology of neuronal excitotoxicity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1994.63020482.x
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Recombinant Expression of α-Bungarotoxin in Pichia pastoris Facilitates Identification of Mutant Toxins Engineered to Recognize Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 74 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: A snake venom-derived α-neurotoxin, α-bungarotoxin (αBgtx), is the classic competitive antagonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). The very high specificity and essentially irreversible binding of αBgtx to various nAChRs make αBgtx the prime candidate for studying the molecular determinants of specificity for nAChR-ligand interactions. To facilitate site-directed mutagenesis of αBgtx for functional analysis, we have developed a recombinant expression system for αBgtx using the methylotropic yeast Pichia pastoris. A synthetic gene coding for αBgtx was subcloned into an expression vector that directs secretion of the recombinant αBgtx (rBgtx) when stably integrated into the yeast genome. Expression of rBgtx was induced by growth of yeast cultures with methanol as the sole carbon source. The activity of the rBgtx in the cell-free medium was measured by competition with 125I-Bgtx for binding to Torpedo nAChR-enriched membranes. The rBgtx, purified to homogeneity by standard HPLC, has the correct predicted amino terminal sequence and molecular mass. Its circular dichroism spectrum is very similar to that of authentic venom-derived αBgtx, and the biological activity of the rBgtx is identical to that of authentic αBgtx. We have used the Pichia expression system to study a double point mutation of αBgtx, rBgtx-K38P/L42Q, that has a high affinity for α3β2 neuronal nAChRs. This is the first demonstration of engineering an α-neurotoxin to recognize non-α7 neuronal nicotinic receptors.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.2000.741279.x
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Thermal stability of α-titanium in contact with titanium nitride (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 2446-2457 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The thermal stability of an α-Ti film in contact with a δ-TiN film in the structure of a TiN/Ti/TiN film stack on SiO2 substrates was studied by in situ sheet resistance (Rs) measurement, Auger electron spectroscopy, glancing angle x-ray diffractometry, cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. It was found that nitrogen dissolves from TiN into Ti between 405 and 474 °C and a significant reaction between Ti and TiN results in the formation of ε-Ti2N in the temperature range of 505–548 °C. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361103
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Interfacial reactions in the SiO2/Ru and SiO2/Ru/Al-Si structures (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 5751-5762 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The interfacial reactions in the structures of Si/SiO2 (500 nm)/Ru (65 nm) (up to 950 °C) and Si/SiO2 (500 nm)/Ru (72 nm)/Al-0.8 wt % Si (630 nm) (up to 700 °C), were studied by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, Auger electron spectroscopy, x-ray diffractometry, selected-area electron diffraction, energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. A thin film of Ru was stable on a SiO2 substrate up to 30 min in a vacuum anneal at 950 °C. In vacuum, a fast interfacial reaction between the Ru thin film and the Al-Si overlayer started between 550 and 575 °C, resulting in the formation of a Si/SiO2/ RuAl2/(Ru4Al13)Al-Si layer sequence. Similar to the reactions between Pt group metals and Al, the Ru/Al reaction is nonuniform. It is controlled by a nucleation mechanism and is accompanied by void formation. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.359220
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