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  • 1980-1984  (3)
  • 1981  (3)
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  • 1980-1984  (3)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Shore-protection structures—largely groins and seawalls—have increased in number along the 300-km-long mainland Ohio shore of Lake Erie from about 60 in 1876–77, to about 1,400 in the late 1930s, to about 3,600 in the mid 1970s. Recession rates, on the other hand, have decreased from the early period (1876–1877 to the late 1930s) to the later period (late 1930s to 1973). Forexample, the length of shore that receded at the intermediate rate (0.3 to 0.9 m/yr) decreased from 76 to 54 km and the length of shore that receded at the lowest rate (less than 0.3 m/yr) increased from 151 to 171 km. Beach widths also have decreased; the length of shore fronted by wide (greater than 15 m) beaches decreased from 64 km to 35 km between 1876–1877 and 1968. Furthermore, the length of shore without a beach increased from 84 km in 1876–1877 to 112 km in 1968. The decreases in recession rates have been caused by the shore-protection structures, which have directly armored the shore from waves (seawalls) or reduced the wave energy reaching the shore by trapping sand (groins). Moreoever, because the shore is a major source of sand for the beaches, the decrease in recession has led to a reduced sand supply and narrower beaches. Ironically, by protecting the shore, the structures apparently have more than compensated for the loss of the best natural form of shore protection, beach sand.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Physics and chemistry of minerals 7 (1981), S. 110-116 
    ISSN: 1432-2021
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The effect of electron irradiation on defects in natural quartz grains has been studied using strong-beam and weak-beam transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. Damage is visible soon after the sample is exposed to the electron beam. The defect centers grow with increased irradiation, but the density of centers is independent of electron dose. Dislocation images also widen during irradiation; the rate of widening is independent of Burgers vector and dislocation nodes widen without constriction. Both of these observations indicate that the widening of dislocation images is related to vitrification of the material in the vicinity of the dislocations rather than irradiation-assisted separation of partial dislocations. This interpretation is supported by observations on grain boundaries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 8 (1981), S. 189-194 
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary 1. Field and experimental evidence is provided for the existence of pair-bonding or monogamy in prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster). 2. Multiple-capture live-trap data indicated that male and female pairs of M. ochrogaster were repeatedly captured together. (A comparable analysis for data from M. pennsylvanicus revealed no indications of long-term male-female associations.) 3. Male-female pair captures of M. ochrogaster were equally likely during either the breeding or nonbreeding seasons, further suggesting a relative stability of pairs. 4. In laboratory dyadic encounters, both males and females from breeding pairs tended to show relatively high levels of aggression toward unfamiliar animals of the opposite sex. In contrast, aggression was rarely observed between members of established breeding pairs. Nonpaired animals of either sex infrequently initiated aggressive encounters. 5. When pairs were separated for 8 days (during which time the females lived with a new male) the apparent pair-bond with the original male was broken. These females became aggressive toward the male with which they had previously bred, and rarely fought with their new mate. This suggests that the pair-bonding process is reversible. 6. Females in postpartum estrus preferentially showed high levels of sexual receptivity and low levels of aggression toward familiar males and were less likely to mate with unfamiliar sexually experienced males. The presence of pups at the time of testing did not appear to influence female-initiated aggression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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