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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of interleukin 1β, tumor necrosis factor α and transforming growth factor β on group II phospholipase A2 activity in rat gingival fibroblasts (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of periodontal research 28 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0765
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0765.1993.tb02116.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ceramic electrodes for an alkali metal thermo-electric converter (AMTEC) (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 23 (1993), S. 1251-1258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract TiN, TiC, TiC/TiN, and Mo electrodes for an Alkali Metal Thermo-Electric Converter (AMTEC) were prepared by ceramic processing and their cathodic polarization characteristics were studied at 600–800°C. The polarization characteristics for TiN and TIC electrodes were similar to those for the Mo electrode. Among three kinds of TiC electrodes with different morphologies, the electrode consisting of finer grains gave a higher power density (0.40 W cm−2). The activation energies for the exchange current density were smaller for ceramic electrodes than for the Mo electrode. In the high current density region above about 1 A cm−2, a limiting current region appeared. When the vacuum level of the low temperature region, which was controlled by introduction of argon, was below 10 Pa, the power density did not depend on the vacuum level but, above 10 Pa, the power density decreased with increase of argon pressure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234808
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Failure mechanism of chromium-silicon-oxide resistive films stressed by electric pulse loading (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 28 (1993), S. 2955-2961 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The failure mechanism of chromium-silicon-oxide (Cr-Si-O) resistive films stressed by electric pulse loading has been investigated. Cr-Si-O resistive films were deposited with the Cr-Si target in an oxygen partial pressure of 0.05 Pa by reactive sputtering. The composition was 26 at % Cr, 48 at % Si, and 26 at % O with a microstructure of CrSi2 small crystallites and an amorphous SiO2 matrix. Resistance increased and flow patterns on the film surfaces were observed during the load-life tests to stress the resistive films at high-power electric pulses. The temperature increase in the film during the load-life tests was obtained numerically by using a finite element method (FEM), due to the difficulty of experimentally measuring the temperature increase. It reaches 400°C, for example, when supplied with a 0.5 W electric pulse of 1 ms pulse width. Film lifetimes and peak temperatures have a linear relation in the Arrhenius plots. Structurally, a decrease of chromium concentration was observed near the cathode region after electric pulse loading. These results indicate that the CrSi2 particles move in the Cr-Si-O film during the load-life tests. This movement induces the resistance increase and the final failure of the film as the electromigration phenomenon in pure aluminium or aluminium alloy films induces film failure. The activation energy for the electromigration of CrSi2 particles in the Cr-Si-O film was found to be 1.53 eV from the slopes in the Arrhenius plots.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00354699
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microtubule organizing centers in plant cells: localization of a 49 kDa protein that is immunologically cross-reactive to a 51 kDa protein from sea urchin centrosomes in synchronized tobacco BY-2 cells (1993)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 176 (1993), S. 64-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Cell cycle ; Microtubule ; Microtubule organizing center ; Synchronization ; Tobacco BY-2 cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A 49 kDa protein in tobacco BY-2 cells has been found to be cross-reactive with antibodies raised against a 51 kDa protein that was isolated from sea urchin centrosomes and identified as a microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) in animal cells. Tracing the fate of the 49 kDa protein during progression of the cell cycle in highly synchronized tobacco BY-2 cells revealed that this protein was colocalized with plant microtubules (MTs): the location of the 49 kDa protein coincided with preprophase bands (PPBs), mitotic spindles and phragmoplasts. Furthermore, between the M and G1 phases, the 49 kDa protein was observed in the perinuclear regions, in which the initials of MTs are organizing to form cortical MTs. At the G1 phase the location of the 49 kDa protein in the cell cortex coincided with that of the cortical MTs. It appeared that the 49 kDa protein in the cell cortex was transported as granules from the perinuclear regions. Thus, it is highly probable that the 49 kDa protein, which reacts with antibodies against the 51 kDa protein in sea urchin centrosomes, plays the role of an MTOC in plant cells. Thus, the mechanisms for organizing MTs in higher organisms appear to share a common protein, even though the organization of MTs is superficially very different in plant and animal cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01378940
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organization of heterogeneous mitochondrial DNA molecules in mitochondrial nuclei of cultured tobacco cells (1993)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 175 (1993), S. 112-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Cell culture ; DNA content ; Mitochondrial DNA ; Mitochondrial genome ; Nicotiana
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The molecular size of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) molecules and the number of copies of mtDNA per mitochondrion were evaluated from cultured cells of the tobacco BY-2 line derived fromNicotiana tabacum L. cv. Bright Yellow-2. To determine the DNA content per mitochondrion, protoplasts of cultured cells were stained with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), and the intensity of the fluorescence emitted from the mitochondrial nuclei (mt-nuclei) was measured with a video-intensified photon counting microscope system (VIM system). Each mitochondrion except for those undergoing a division contained one mt-nucleus. The most frequently measured size of the DNA in the mitochondria was between 120 and 200 kilobase pairs (kbp) throughout the course of culture of the tobacco cells. Mitochondria containing more than 200 kbp of DNA increased significantly in number 24 h after transfer of the cells into fresh medium but their number fell as the culture continued. Because division of mitochondria began soon after transfer of the cells into fresh medium and continued for 3 days, the change of the DNA content per mitochondrion during the culture must correspond to DNA synthesis of mitochondria in the course of mitochondrial division. By contrast, the analyses of products of digestion by restriction endonucleases indicated that the genome size of the mtDNA was at least 270 kbp. Electron microscopy revealed that mtDNAs were circular molecules and their length ranged from 1 to 35 μm, and 60% of them ranged from 7 to 11 μrn. These results indicate that the mitochondrial genome in tobacco cells consists of multiple species of mtDNA molecules, and mitochondria do not contain all the mtDNA species. Therefore, mitochondria are heterogeneous in mtDNA composition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01385008
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sources of resistance to tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) in cultivated and wild species of Capsicum (1993)
    Springer
    Euphytica 67 (1993), S. 89-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Capsicum sp. ; pepper ; tomato spotted wilt virus ; field resistance ; isolate-specific resistance ; disease screening
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A germplasm collection of 70 cultivars and wild species of Capsicum was evaluated for resistance to tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) under field (natural inoculum) conditions. Different levels of resistance to the disease caused by this virus were observed among the tested lines. High degree of field resistance was detected in two Capsicum baccatum var. pendulum, two C. chinense, and three C. annuum lines. Controlled greenhouse tests were also carried out to confirm the resistant reaction of these seven field selected lines. These lines were mechanically inoculated with two serologically distinct isolates of TSWV obtained from different geographic regions of Brazil. The two C. chinense lines (‘CNPH 275’ and ‘PI 159236’) were virtually immune against one specific (TSWV-BsB) isolate but were susceptible to another isolate (TSWV-SP) used in this assay. Sources of resistance for both isolates were not found. Our experimental results strongly indicate there exists a number of genetic mechanisms (probably including action of vertical and horizontal genes) to TSWV resistance in Capsicum spp.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00022729
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoelectron spectroscopy of (CO2)n(H2O) m − clusters (1993)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 26 (1993), S. 367-369 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6079
    Keywords: 36.40 ; 33.80
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Photoelectron spectra of (CO2)nH2O− (2≤n≤8) and (CO2)n(H2O) 2 − (1≤n≤2) were measured at the photon energy of 3.49 eV. The spectra show unresolved broad features, which are approximated by Gaussians. The vertical detachment energies (VDEs) were determined as a function of the cluster size. For (CO2)nH2O−, the VDE-n plots exhibit a sharp discontinuity between n=3 and 4; the VDE value is ≈3.5 eV at n=3, while it drops down abruptly to 2.59 eV at n=4. This discontinuity in VDE is ascribed to "core switching" at n=4; a C2O 4 − dimer anion forms the core of (CO2)nH2O− for n≤3, while a monomer CO 2 − is the core for n≥4. The (CO2)2(H2O) 2 − ion has a VDE of 2.33 eV, indicating the presence of a CO 2 − monomer core in the binary clusters containing two H2O molecules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01429197
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