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  • 1990-1994  (4)
  • 1993  (4)
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  • 1990-1994  (4)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Thromboangiitis obliterans ; Dementia ; Cortical synaptophysin expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The generalized form of von Winiwarter-Buerger's disease (WBD) occasionally involves the brain. However, pure cerebral forms of the disease were also described by Spatz and Lindenberg (“Spatz-Lindenberg's disease”, SLD). Both, the type I, which involves the large basal arteries, and the type II, which results in a sickle-shaped granular atrophy of the cerebral cortex, are often accompanied by (“vascular”) dementia, which Lindenberg and Spatz mainly attributed to the bilateral involvement of the second frontal gyrus by granular atrophy. Recently, synaptic deprivation of the cortical gray matter has been shown to occur in the dementia of Alzheimer type (DAT) and other neurodegenerative disorders. In DAT, the synaptic loss highly correlated with the degree of the mental impairment. We wanted to examine whether similar changes also occurred in dementia of vascular origin, for which SLD, although infrequent, is a typical example. In fact, we found that in three cases of typical SLD type II the synaptophysin immunoreactivity of the cortical neuropil in areas without overt infarcts or scar formation was as much reduced as in Alzheimer's disease. Although it must be taken into account that in the present cases the synapse loss might, at least in part, be due to secondary (Wallerian) degeneration as a result of the neuronal loss in the “watershed” regions of the arterial blood supply, it cannot be excluded that a decline of cortical synaptic contacts in areas without necroses or scars may occur as a primary event, contributing to the pathogenesis of the dementia. Final conclusions can only be expected from investigations into further cases of cerebro-vascular disorders with and without dementia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 152 (1993), S. 387-388 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 152 (1993), S. 462-466 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Infection 21 (1993), S. 89-92 
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Inzidenz von ZNS-Shuntinfektionen und damit verbundenen Risikofaktoren wurde durch Auswertung von Krankenakten untersucht. Zwischen 1986 und 1989 wurden 350 Shunt-Operationen durchgeführt, wobei 273 Shunts ventrikuloperitoneal und 75 ventrikuloatrial plaziert wurden. Bei 25 Patienten kam es während eines mittleren Beobachtungszeitraumes von 20 Monaten zu 28 Shuntinfektionen (8 %). Für 204 Patienten konnte die Nachbeobachtungszeit bis September 1992 ausgedehnt werden, weitere Infektionsfälle wurden in dieser Gruppe nicht beobachtet. In 24 Fällen (85,7 %) konnte ein ursächlicher Erreger isoliert werden. Bei den Erregern handelte es sich um grampositive Kokken in 22 Fällen (78,6 %) und um gramnegative Stäbchen in zwei Fällen. Hauptsymptome und -Befunde waren Fieber, Shuntdysfunktion und meningeale Reizerscheinungen sowie Bauchschmerzen (letztere ausschließlich bei VP-Shunts). Bei 24 Infektionsfällen wurde der Shunt sofort entfernt und eine antibiotische Therapie begonnen, in den übrigen Fällen erfolgte ausschließlich eine antibiotische Therapie. Ursache des Hydrozephalus, Shuntlage, perioperative Antibiotikagabe, Alter und Geschlecht eines Patienten waren nicht mit einem erhöhten Infektionsrisiko assiziiert, jedoch ergab sich ein Trend, der ein erhöhtes Infektionsrisiko mit der Operationsdauer zeigte. Die Infektionsrate lag bei 13,6% für eine Operationsdauer von 〉90 Minuten, während sie bei 5,2 % für Eingriffe mit einer Dauer von 〈30 Minuten lag.
    Notes: Summary The incidence of shunt infections and possible risk factors was investigated by chart analysis. From 1986 to 1989 350 shunt procedures were performed including 273 ventriculoperitoneal shunts and 75 ventriculoatrial shunts. Twenty-eight infectious episodes (8%) occurred in 25 patients during a median follow-up time of 20 months. For 204 patients the follow-up time could be prolonged until September 1992. In these patients no infectious episodes occurred in the extended observation period. In 24 cases (85.7%) a causative organism could be isolated. The infecting organisms were gram-positive cocci in 22 cases (78.6%) and gram-negative bacilli in two cases. The main signs and symptoms were fever, shunt malfunction and meningeal irritation, and with VP-shunts only, abdominal pain. Twenty-four infectious episodes were treated with antibiotics and immediate removal of the shunt. The remaining were managed with antibiotics only. The risk for shunt infection did not correlate with age or sex of patients, nor with the etiology of hydrocephalus, type of shunt implanted or perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis. However, a trend showing a higher risk for shunt infections with prolonged operation time was noticed. The infection rate was 13.6% for an operation lasting more than 90 minutes versus 5.2% for procedures of less than 30 minutes' duration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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