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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The relation of fetal growth to plasma glucose in young men (1992)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 35 (1992), S. 444-446 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Plasma glucose ; birthweight ; intrauterine growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a study of men aged 59 to 70 years plasma glucose levels 30 min and 2 h after a 75-g glucose load were inversely related to birthweight. To determine whether there are similar relations at a younger age the 30-min plasma glucose levels of 40 men aged 21 years, who were born in one hospital in the United Kingdom, were measured. Lower birthweight was associated with higher 30-min plasma glucose levels. This trend was independent of gestational age, and current body mass, height and social class.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02342441
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus: the thrifty phenotype hypothesis (1992)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 35 (1992), S. 595-601 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400248
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thinness at birth and insulin resistance in adult life (1994)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 37 (1994), S. 150-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, fetal growth, metabolic programming.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus may originate through impaired development in fetal life. Both insulin deficiency and resistance to the action of insulin are thought to be important in its pathogenesis. Although there is evidence that impaired fetal development may result in insulin deficiency, it is not known whether insulin resistance could also be a consequence of reduced early growth. Insulin resistance was therefore measured in 81 normoglycaemic subjects, and 22 subjects with impaired glucose tolerance, who were born in Preston, UK, between 1935 and 1943. Their birth measurements had been recorded in detail. Insulin resistance was measured by the insulin tolerance test which uses the rate of fall in blood glucose concentrations after intravenous injection of insulin as an index of insulin resistance. Men and women who were thin at birth, as measured by a low ponderal index, were more insulin resistant. The association was statistically significant (p =0.01) and independent of duration of gestation, adult body mass index and waist to hip ratio and of confounding variables including social class at birth or currently. Thinness at birth and in adult life has opposing effects such that resistance fell with increasing ponderal index at birth but rose with increasing adult body mass index. It is concluded that insulin resistance is associated with impaired development in fetal life. [Diabetologia (1994) 37: 150–154]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050086
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of pulp and paper effluent on a marine fish, Pseudopleuronectes americanus (1992)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 48 (1992), S. 449-456 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00195646
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Maternal nutritional status in pregnancy and blood pressure in childhood (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 101 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective To examine the relation between indices of maternal nutrition during pregnancy, including haemoglobin concentration, skinfold thickness and body weight, and the child's blood pressure at 10 to 12 years of age.Design Follow up study of children whose mothers had haemoglobin estimations, weights and skinfold thicknesses recorded during pregnancy.Setting Kingston, Jamaica.Subjects Seventy-seven children whose mothers took part in a prospective study of nutrition during pregnancy in relation to fetal growth.Main outcome measure Blood pressure at 10 to 12 years of age.Results The child's mean systolic pressure adjusted for current weight rose by 2.6 mmHg (95 % CI 0.5–4.6, P= 0.01) for each 1 g/dl fall in the mother's lowest haemoglobin during pregnancy. Mothers with a lower haemoglobin had thinner skinfold thicknesses, especially over the triceps (P= 0.005). In multiple regression analyses, taking account of the child's sex and current weight, there was a strong association between thin maternal triceps skinfold thickness at 15 weeks of gestation and raised blood pressure in the offspring. Taking account of the mother's triceps skinfold thickness abolished the relation between lower haemoglobin and raised blood pressure in the child. Lower weight gain between 15 and 35 weeks of gestation was independently associated with raised children's blood pressure. Systolic pressure rose by 10.7 mmHg (95 % CI 5.7 to 15.6, P= 0.0001) for each log mm decrease in the mother's triceps skinfold thickness, and by 0.6 mmHg (95% CI 0.1 to 1.0, P= 0.02) for each 1 kg decrease in the mother's weight gain during pregnancy.Conclusions These results parallel animal experiments suggesting that impaired maternal nutrition may underlie the programming of adult hypertension during fetal life.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1994.tb11911.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Disproportionate fetal growth and raised IgE concentration in adult life (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 24 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary. A follow-up study was carried out to determine whether either impaired or disproportionate fetal growth are associated with a raised total serum IgE concentration in men and women aged 50 years. The serum IgE concentration was measured in 146 men and 134 women born in Preston (Lancashire, UK) between 1935 and 1943, whose size at birth had been measured in detail.Sixty-two subjects were found to have an IgE concentration above 80 IU/ml. Compared with subjects with a normal IgE on average they had a 0.30 inch larger head circumference at birth (P -0.004) and weighed 5.6 ounces more at birth (P= 0.04). People with a raised and with a normal IgE were of similar crown-heel length at birth, indicating that in utero those with a raised IgE had had disproportionate growth of the head in relation to the trunk and limbs. The prevalence of a raised IgE rose from 14% in subjects whose head circumference at birth was 13 inches or less to 37% in those whose head circumference was more than 14 inches. This association was independent of gestational age at birth and of the mother's pelvic size and parity. It was also independent of adult physique, social class and smoking, and was similar in men and women. In multiple logistic regression analyses odds ratios of a raised IgE rose progressively to more than 4 as head circumference at birth increased from 13 inches or less to more than 14 inches.One possibility is that these associations reflect the long-term effects of sustaining fetal brain growth at the expense of the trunk, in particular the thymus. This may be a consequence of fetal under-nutrition in late gestation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1994.tb00968.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anomalies in sculpins (Myoxocephalus spp.) sampled near a pulp and paper mill (1994)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 26 (1994), S. 491-496 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study investigated anomalies in two species of benthic sculpins (Myoxocephalus octodecemspinosus and M. scorpius) inhabiting a marine inlet in Newfoundland, Canada, where effluent from a pulp and paper mill is discharged and from two reference sites. Condition factor of both species of sculpins from the polluted and a reference site was similar. Some differences in parasite fauna were observed. Tissues from reference fish, obtained from two uncontaminated sites for comparison, were normal. Impaired vision, fin and tail necrosis, hyperplasia of the gill epithelium, depletion of energy reserves in the liver, and multifocal hemosiderosis in the spleen were observed primarily in M. octodecemspinosus captured near the paper mill. These stress-associated lesions, probably caused by undetermined xenobiotics, appear to be associated with the sediment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214152
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histopathology in winter flounder (Pleuronectes americanus) living adjacent to a pulp and paper mill (1994)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 26 (1994), S. 95-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Winter flounder were captured by scuba divers from an area adjacent to a sulfite pulp and paper mill and from a reference site and the tissues examined for lesions. Severe hyperplasia of the gills, focal vacuolation in the liver, and multifocal hemosiderosis in the spleen and liver were most pronounced in large, adult fish collected near the mill. Lesions were less severe and prevalent in smaller fish. Vacuolation in the liver represents a preneoplastic lesion. The histopathological changes appear to be the result of chronic exposure. Few or no lesions were observed in the tissues of flounder taken from the reference site. Although the specific cause of these lesions is unknown, it is likely associated with cytotoxic compounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00212799
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lectin genes from the legume Medicago truncatula (1992)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 19 (1992), S. 1011-1017 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: frameshift mutation ; lectin genes ; Medicago truncatula
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We report the cloning and characterization of two lectin genes from Medicago truncatula, designated Mtlec1 and Mtlec2. The two genes show a high degree of homology and apparently belong to a small multigene family. Mtlec1 appears to encode a functional lectin with 277 amino acids, whereas Mtlec2 is probably non-functional, since a frameshift mutation (insertion of two nucleotides) leads to premature translation termination after only 98 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence of the polypeptide MtLEC1 suggests that this lectin is a metalloprotein with Glc/Man specificity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00040532
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultimate capacity of blast loaded structures common to chemical plants (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Plant/Operations Progress 11 (1992), S. 205-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 0278-4513
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: There has been a great deal of investment in development of design criteria and design and construction of heavily reinforced, blast-resistant control rooms. This remains the best option for protective construction against severe blast loading experienced close in to a vapor cloud or other explosion hazard. However, most structures encountered at chemical plants and contemplated for future construction are conventional steel frame, metal clad buildings. In this paper we look closely at the response of such buildings to explosion loads and their ability to undergo large deformations without structural failure. The types of structural elements evaluated include metal decking of various gauge and shape along with a variety of girt and purlin sections. Building frames or bents are also evaluated, although the date base for these is much more limited. The work is based on observations made during investigations of large explosion accidents along with analytical predictions and test measurements. To conclude, we offer specific design criteria and connection recommendations for enhancing the overall strength of a building through the use of conventional components in unconventional construction.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prsb.720110407
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