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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Uncooled high-speed InSb field-effect transistors (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 66 (1995), S. 481-483 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: InSb enhancement-mode, metal-insulator-semiconductor, field-effect transistors with 1 μm gate lengths have been fabricated. When operated at room temperature with less than 0.5 V applied between the source and drain, the transistors have a static dynamic range in excess of 20 dB, a cut-off frequency (fT) of 14 GHz and a transconductance, at 1 GHz, of 230 mS mm−1. Analysis of the parasitic capacitances indicates an intrinsic fT of about 90 GHz. The static electron mobility in the channel is 2×104 cm2 V−1 s−1, so a carrier velocity of about 3.7×107 cm s−1 should be attained. This leads to a predicted frequency response of 84 GHz, in reasonable agreement with the intrinsic microwave data.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.114063
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The structure and chemistry of CH3 and CH radicals adsorbed on Ni(111) (1995)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 102 (1995), S. 7734-7749 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: A detailed analysis of the vibrational spectra of CH3, CH2D, and CD3 adsorbed on Ni(111) and the products of their reactions is presented. The synthesis of adsorbed methyl radicals from CH4, CH3D, or CD4 is effected by molecular beam techniques. The ability to measure these spectra by high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS) at higher resolution (35 cm−1) and higher sensitivity (5×106 counts/s) has allowed new features to be observed and a symmetry analysis to be carried out. It is concluded that the CH3 radical is adsorbed with C3v symmetry on a threefold hollow site. The symmetric C–H stretch mode of CH3 and the overtone of the antisymmetric deformation mode are observed to be in Fermi resonance. At temperatures above 150 K, CH3 dissociates to form adsorbed CH. Confirmation for the assignment to a CH species is found in the observation that the spectrum measured after thermal decomposition of CH2D is a superposition of those from the decomposition of CH3 and CD3. The adsorption site of the CH species is concluded to be a threefold hollow site and the geometry of the Ni3–C–H is concluded to be pyramidal. At temperatures above 250 K, carbon–carbon bond formation between the CH species is observed to yield C2H2. Low coverages of C2H2 are shown to dehydrogenate at 400 K. High coverages of C2H2 are shown conclusively to trimerize to form adsorbed benzene in contrast to a literature report of C2H2 dissociation to adsorbed CH at these temperatures. The relative stabilities of the hydrocarbon species on Ni(111) are determined to be CH3〈CH+2H 〈1/2C2H2+2H〈1/6C6H6+H2(g). © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.469026
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Myelin Basic Protein-Reactive Human T-Cell Clones: Stimulation by Diverse Microbial Antigens (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 756 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb44532.x
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    SPROUT: 3D Structure Generation Using Templates (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of chemical information and modeling 35 (1995), S. 479-493 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5142
    Quelle: ACS Legacy Archives
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ci00025a016
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Intestinally derived lipoprotein particles in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients with and without hypertriglyceridaemia (1995)
    Springer
    Acta diabetologica 32 (1995), S. 244-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Schlagwort(e): Apolipoprotein B-48 ; Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins ; Chylomicrons ; Hypertriglyceridaemia
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract We have previously demonstrated alterations in apolipoprotein B-48 metabolism in the post-prandial state in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. This study investigates the relationship between hypertriglyceridaemia and post-prandial lipoprotein metabolism. Four groups of patients were examined: non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients, with normal serum triglyceride levels (serum triglyceride 〈2.1 mmol l−1; haemoglobin HbA1c 5.5%±0.4%); poorly controlled, non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients with hypertriglyceridaemia (serum triglyceride 〉2.1 mmol 1−1; HbA1c 8.8%±0.9%); nondiabetic subjects with serum triglycerides 〈2.1 mmoll−1; and non-diabetic subjects with hypertriglyceridaemia (serum triglyceride〉2.1 mmol l−1). Subjects were studied fasting and following a high-fat meal (1300 kcal). The triglyceride-rich lipoprotein fraction was isolated by ultracentrifugation (d〈1.006 g ml−1). Apoprotein B-48, apoprotein B-100 and apoprotein E were separated on 4%–15% gradient gels and quantified as a percentage of the fasting concentration by densitometric scanning. Triglyceride-rich lipoprotein apolipoprotein B-48 and apolipoprotein B-100 post-prandial profiles demonstrated a maximum increase either at 2 h or rising still further to a peak at 6 h before falling in the diabetic groups and hypertriglyceridaemic non-diabetic subjects when compared with the normotriglyceridaemic control subjects whose levels decreased after 2 h (P〈0.05). A significantly different triglyceride-rich lipoprotein apolipoprotein E profile was also exhibited by the diabetic patients (P〈0.05). Levels of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein, cholesterol, triglyceride, total protein and apoprotein B were elevated in the hypertriglyceridaemic subjects, both diabetic and non-diabetic. These results indicate that hypertriglyceridaemia is associated with altered metabolism and composition of post-prandial triglyceride-rich lipoprotein particles in both poorly controlled diabetic and non-diabetic subjects.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00576257
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxidation of low-density lipoprotein in NIDDM: its relationship to fatty acid composition (1995)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 38 (1995), S. 1300-1306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Schlagwort(e): Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; low-density lipoprotein oxidation ; dietary fatty acids ; low-density lipoprotein composition ; glycated low-density lipoprotein
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The increased risk of atherosclerotic disease in diabetic subjects may be due to enhanced foam cell formation following an increased susceptibility of low density lipoprotein to oxidative modification. This study has compared fatty acid content and lipoprotein oxidisability in 10 non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects with that in 10 control subjects. Both groups were normocholesterolaemic and the diabetic subjects had higher triglyceride levels (2.2±0.4 vs 1.2±0.2 mmol/l, p〈0.05). The fatty acid composition was compared in low density lipoprotein following Folch extraction, separation by thin layer chromatography (for the lipid classes) and analysis by gas liquid chromatography. Low density lipoprotein oxidisability was assessed by conjugated diene and thiobarbituric acid reacting substance formation in the presence of copper ions. The esterified/free cholesterol ratio was higher in the low density lipoprotein from patients compared to control subjects (2.9±0.1 vs 1.9±0.3, p〈0.05). Linoleic acid in the cholesteryl ester fraction of the lipoprotein was higher in the patients than in the control subjects (48.2±2.2% vs 42.4±3.4%, p〈0.05) as was the total quantity of linoleic acid in the cholesteryl ester fraction (317.8±68.0 vs 213.2±28.0 Μg/mg protein, p〈0.05) and in the low-density lipoprotein as a whole (443.2±70.0 vs 340.2±28.2 Μg/mg protein, p〈0.05). Lipoprotein oxidisability was also increased in the diabetic group with increased formation of thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (35.6±7.2 vs 22.3±3.5 nmol/mg protein, p〈0.05, increased total diene formation (502±60 vs 400±30 nmol/mg protein, p〈0.05) and increased rate of diene formation (7.2±0.6 vs 5.1±0.9 nmol diene · mg protein−1 · min−1, p〈0.05). This study indicates that low-density lipoprotein from diabetic subjects is more susceptible to oxidation. This could, in vivo, accelerate foam-cell formation thereby increasing atherosclerotic risk in diabetic subjects.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00401762
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxidation of low-density lipoprotein in NIDDM: its relationship to fatty acid composition (1995)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 38 (1995), S. 1300-1306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; low-density lipoprotein oxidation ; dietary fatty acids ; low-density lipoprotein composition ; glycated low-density lipoprotein.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The increased risk of atherosclerotic disease in diabetic subjects may be due to enhanced foam cell formation following an increased susceptibility of low density lipoprotein to oxidative modification. This study has compared fatty acid content and lipoprotein oxidisability in 10 non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects with that in 10 control subjects. Both groups were normocholesterolaemic and the diabetic subjects had higher triglyceride levels (2.2 ± 0.4 vs 1.2 ± 0.2 mmol/l, p 〈 0.05). The fatty acid composition was compared in low density lipoprotein following Folch extraction, separation by thin layer chromatography (for the lipid classes) and analysis by gas liquid chromatography. Low density lipoprotein oxidisability was assessed by conjugated diene and thiobarbituric acid reacting substance formation in the presence of copper ions. The esterified/free cholesterol ratio was higher in the low density lipoprotein from patients compared to control subjects (2.9 ± 0.1 vs 1.9 ± 0.3, p 〈 0.05). Linoleic acid in the cholesteryl ester fraction of the lipoprotein was higher in the patients than in the control subjects (48.2 ± 2.2 % vs 42.4 ± 3.4 %, p 〈 0.05) as was the total quantity of linoleic acid in the cholesteryl ester fraction (317.8 ± 68.0 vs 213.2 ± 28.0 μg/mg protein, p 〈 0.05) and in the low-density lipoprotein as a whole (443.2 ± 70.0 vs 340.2 ± 28.2 μg/mg protein, p 〈 0.05). Lipoprotein oxidisability was also increased in the diabetic group with increased formation of thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (35.6 ± 7.2 vs 22.3 ± 3.5 nmol/mg protein, p 〈 0.05, increased total diene formation (502 ± 60 vs 400 ± 30 nmol/mg protein, p 〈 0.05) and increased rate of diene formation (7.2 ± 0.6 vs 5.1 ± 0.9 nmol diene · mg protein–1· min–1, p 〈 0.05). This study indicates that low-density lipoprotein from diabetic subjects is more susceptible to oxidation. This could, in vivo, accelerate foam-cell formation thereby increasing atherosclerotic risk in diabetic subjects. [Diabetologia (1995) 38: 1300–1306]
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00401762
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    High spin band structures in104Cd (1995)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 352 (1995), S. 117-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract High spin states in104Cd have been investigated by means of heavy ion induced reactions using the Nordball detector array. The level scheme constructed from γγ-coincidences is dominated by three band structures. The positive parity band shows no rotational like energy spacing. It is thus understood mostly in terms of quasiparticle excitations with vd5/2, vg7/2 andπg9/2 configurations. The collective properties of the negative parity bands are more pronounced. These bands are most likely due to v(h11/2,d5/2) and v(h11/2,g7/2) structures.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01298895
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    SPROUT, HIPPO and CAESA: Tools for de novo structure generation and estimation of synthetic accessibility (1995)
    Springer
    Perspectives in drug discovery and design 3 (1995), S. 34-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9023
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Summary Several components of a system for structure generation are now well developed. HIPPO is a program that characterises a receptor binding site for potential target sites within the cavity that can be used in de novo design. The target sites include simple and complex hydrogen bonds, covalent bonds and bonds to metal ions. The SPROUT program for structure generation consists of two main components: the first is skeleton generation, followed by atom substitution to convert the solution skeletons to molecules. A new method of skeleton generation is presented here, where part skeletons are grown outwards from each target site. The part skeletons are then connected together to form solution skeletons. Finally the CAESA program is described, that ranks the output from SPROUT according to ease of synthesis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02174466
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Aspects of the phylogeny of Platyhelminthes based on 18S ribosomal DNA and protonephridial ultrastructure (1995)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 305 (1995), S. 27-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Platyhelminthes ; phylogeny ; DNA ; ultrastructure ; protonephridia
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract DNA studies of 23 taxa (20 platyhelminths, 1 nemertean, Homo and Artemia) and electron-microscopic studies of the protonephridia of many platyhelminths (supported by some additional ultrastructural data) have led to the following conclusions: the Neodermata are monophyletic; Temnocephalida and Dalyelliida form one clade and are not the ‘primitive’ sister group of the Neodermata; Gyrocotylidea, Amphilinidea and Eucestoda form one monophylum; Pterastericolidae and Umagillidae are dalyelliids and not the sister group of the Neodermata; and Proseriata are unlikely to be closely related with the Tricladida. A large taxon consisting of the Proseriata and some other ‘turbellarians’ may represent the sister group of the Neodermata.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00036359
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