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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (38)
  • 1995-1999  (38)
  • 1996  (38)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative orientational analysis of a polymeric material (Kevlar® fibers) with x-ray microspectroscopy (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 69 (1996), S. 3833-3835 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: It has previously been shown that x-ray linear dichroism microscopy can be utilized to image and determine orientation in a polymeric material at high spatial resolution. We have now expanded on this technique and extracted quantitative information about the orientation of specific functional groups in a polymeric system from submicron areas. This is accomplished by acquiring and analyzing spectral data sets rather than just images at specific energies. It has allowed us to compare the relative lateral orientation of various grades of Kevlar® fibers. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.117120
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermally poled silica glass: Laser induced pressure pulse probe of charge distribution (1996)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 68 (1996), S. 269-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Charge distributions in thermally poled silica glass are mapped by using laser induced pressure pulse technique. The experimental results may be explained through postulating the formation of both real space charge layers and dipole polarization inside the depletion region. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.115659
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of the reliability of density functional methods: Reaction and activation energies for Si–Si bond cleavage and H2 elimination from silanes (1996)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 104 (1996), S. 148-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In order to test the reliability of plane-wave and Gaussian-orbital based DFT methods for calculating reaction energies and activation barriers, detailed calculations are performed for several reactions involving gas phase silanes and a simple model of H2 desorption from the Si(100)2×1 surface. This study is motivated in particular by apparent discrepancies between the results of cluster-model and slab-model calculations of the activation energy for H2 desorption from the Si(100)2×1 surface. The DFT results obtained with several different exchange-correlation functionals are compared with the results of calculations with the generally reliable QCISD(T) method and, where possible, with experiment. It is found that the functionals usually employed in plane-wave DFT calculations significantly underestimate the activation energies. The Becke3LYP functional, on the other hand, is found to give reaction and activation energies close to experiment and to those from QCISD(T) calculations. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.470885
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic structure of diatomic boron nitride (1996)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 104 (1996), S. 3143-3146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: BN molecules, isoelectronic with C2, are produced by laser vaporization of boron nitride and trapped in solid neon. Through Fourier-transform absorption and laser-induced fluorescence spectra, three new electronic states are observed. Unlike C2, BN has a triplet ground state (X 3Π), but with an exceedingly low-lying singlet (a 1∑+) state with 15 cm−1〈Te〈182 cm−1. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.471079
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of pretreatment with ketorolac on pain during intravenous injection of propofol (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 51 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A randomised, double-blind, controlled trial was undertaken to compare three different methods of reducing pain during the intravenous injection of propofol. In 101 patients undergoing daycase surgery, verbal rating scores, for pain during injection of propofol were compared immediately after intravenous pretreatment with ketorolac 10 mg, lignocaine 10 mg or saline. Neither pain during injection (p = 0.129), nor venous sequelae at 7 days postoperatively were significantly different between the three treatments. Pain during propofol injection remains a confounding clinical problem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1996.tb12626.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Topical ibuprofen for skin analgesia prior to venepuncture (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 51 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The analgesic effect of topical ibuprofen was investigated in ten volunteers. There were no significant differences in visual analogue scale pain scores for pinprick after 15 and 60 mm of application of ibuprofen, placebo and EM LA cream. Comparison of visual analogue scale scores for venous cannulation after similar durations of ibuprofen and EMLA creams found significantly (p 〈 0.014) lower scores for EMLA at 60min. We do not consider ibuprofen cream to be clinically useful for venous cannulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1996.tb07801.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of opioid solutions for patient-controlled epidural analgesia (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 51 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Sixty patients took part in a randomised, double-blind study to compare the analgesic and side effects of three opioid-containing solutions for patient-controlled epidural analgesia following abdominal surgery. Patients in group 1 received a solution containing bupivacaine 0.125% with fentanyl 10μg. ml−1, group 2 bupivacaine 0.125% with diamorphine 125μg. ml−1, group 3 pethidine 2.5 mg. ml−1. All groups received 4 ml.h−1 background infusion and 3 ml boluses every 20 min if necessary. There were no significant differences between the groups in visual analogue scale pain scores (p = 0.537) or volumes of solution used at 24 h (p = 0.351) or 48 h (p = 0.105). Motor block was significantly higher in group 2 (p 〈 0.004) and pruritis occurred significantly less in group 3 (p 〈 0.05). We conclude that these three solutions produce equivalent analgesia but that pethidine 2.5 mg. ml−1 may be associated with fewer side effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1996.tb14993.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Melatonin Receptors are Present in Non-Optic Regions of the Brain of a Deep-Sea Fish Living in the Absence of Solar Light (1996)
    Oxford : Blackwell Science Ltd.
    Journal of neuroendocrinology 8 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2826
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Pineal melatonin hormonally transduces photoperiod to influence daily and seasonal cycles in most vertebrates (1, 2). Evidence of melatonin receptors throughout the brain of several fish species (3–5), particularly in retinorecipient structures, also indicates a role in visual processing. Despite the absence of solar light many deep-sea organisms show seasonality (6–8). The presence of central melatonin receptors was investigated by quantitative in vitro autoradiography in the deep-sea fish Coryphaenoides (Nematonurus) armatus. Specific, time-dependent, saturable, high affinity and guanine nucleotide sensitive, 2-[125I]iodomelatonin binding was found over the mid-brain tegmentum and hindbrain. Competing ligand potency was iodomelatonin 〉 melatonin 5-HT. Although C.(N.) armatus has well developed eyes no 2-[125I]iodomelatonin binding occurred in optic tectum, cerebellum or hypothalamus. Thus melatonin involvement in processing of visual information and control of seasonal physiology via hypothalamic areas appears to be absent in this species. The presence of central G-protein coupled receptors indicates a function for melatonin unrelated to solar light.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2826.1996.tb00702.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synaptic Connections Between Spiny Neurons of the Direct and Indirect Pathways in the Neostriatum of the Rat: Evidence from Dopamine Receptor and Neuropeptide Immunostaining (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 8 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The flow of cortical information through the basal ganglia occurs through the so-called ‘direct pathway’ and ‘indirect pathways’. The object of the present work was to attempt to determine whether spiny neurons in the neostriatum that give rise to the direct pathway (i.e. the striatonigral/entopeduncular pathway) and those giving rise to the indirect pathways (i.e. striatopallidal pathway) are synaptically interconnected. The approach was to carry out double immunocytochemistry at the electron microscopic level using antibodies against peptides or dopamine receptor subtypes that are selectively associated with the neurons that give rise to the direct (substance P or D1 receptors) and indirect pathways (enkephalin or D2 receptors). Sections of perfuse-fixed rat neostriatum were immunostained to reveal both substance P immunoreactivity and D2 receptor immunoreactivity or enkephalin and D1 receptor immunoreactivity, respectively. Double peroxidase methods were employed using different chromogens that were distinguishable at both the light and electron microscopic levels. In the electron microscope substance P-immunoreactive terminals were seen in synaptic contact with dendritic structures that displayed immunoreactivity for D2 receptor. Similarly, enkephalin-immunoreactive terminals were seen in synaptic contact with D1-immunoreactive dendritic structures. Thus, axon collaterals of neurons giving rise to the direct pathway form synaptic contacts with neurons that give rise to the indirect pathway and axon collaterals of neurons giving rise to the indirect pathway form synaptic contact with neurons that give rise to the direct pathway. These results indicate that the two pathways of information flow through the basal ganglia are synaptically linked at the level of the neostriatum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.1996.tb01573.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New mattresses: how fast do they become a significant source of exposure to house dust mite allergens? (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 26 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Sensitization and exposure to mile allergens is a major risk factor for asthma. Little is known about the rate of build-up of allergens in the mite microhabitats.Objectives To investigate the rate of increase in mite allergen levels in new mattresses.Methods Der p 1 was measured in the dust samples collected from six identical new single mattresses over a period of 2 years.Results Der p 1 increased significantly at 4 months as compared with baseline level (P 〈 0.01), but no difference was found between the concentrations at 4. 8, 12 and 24 months. There was a significant correlation between Der p 1 concentration in mattresses at 4.8, 12 and 24 months and Der p 1 levels in the bedroom carpet at the beginning of the study.Conclusions New mattresses can become a significant source of exposure to mite allergens after a short period of time (〈 4 months). There is little justification for advising mite sensitive patients to replace their mattresses as a part of avoidance regime.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1996.tb00520.x
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