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  • 1995-1999  (8)
  • 1965-1969
  • 1996  (8)
Material
Years
  • 1995-1999  (8)
  • 1965-1969
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Power technology and engineering 30 (1996), S. 257-266 
    ISSN: 1570-1468
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Conclusions 1. The proposed mathematical model of phytoplankton primary production and destruction permits estimating the dynamics of production and destruction processes both in operating and planned reservoirs as applied to the problem of calculating (predicting) the water quality and oxygen regime of these reservoirs. 2. A necessary condition of the practical use of this model is a preliminary determination of a number of its parameters on an operating reservoir-analog, the selection of which is not limited by any certain conditions related to its size, level of pollution, and trophic state, although, of course, it is advisable that it be close in these indices to the reservoir for which it serves as an analog. 3. The result of using this model for calculating phytoplankton primary production and destruction on an operating reservoir show that it reflects with less accuracy the dynamics of production and destruction during the growing season and with greater accuracy their annual values. 4. When using the given model for predicting phytoplankton primary production and destruction on operating or planned reservoirs it is advisable to calculate them in several variants with the use of various approaches to a determination of various parameters of the model so that the most preferable of the variants is selected in accordance with the purposes and tasks of predicting the water quality and oxygen regime of these reservoirs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Power technology and engineering 30 (1996), S. 222-228 
    ISSN: 1570-1468
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Conclusions 1. The results of using the model of an ideal mixer for calculating one of the integral hydrochemical indices of water quality — the annual BOD5 dynamics observed on reservoirs of the Zagorsk PSS in 1989 — permit concluding the correspondence of this mode to the on-site observation data. 2. The methods of calculating the water self-purification coefficients developed on the basis of the model of an ideal mixer permit determining these coefficients by solving the inverse problem on the basis of the data of on-site observations of the actual water, hydrochemical, and hydrobiological regimes of an operating reservoir-analog (for conditions of a steady regime) and recalculating them theoretically for any given regime (steady and transient) of an operating or planned reservoir. 3. An evaluation of the accuracy of various methods of calculating the self-purification coefficients and water quality in a reservoir (main and simplified) for the example of calculating the actual annual BOD5 dynamics of the Zagorsk PSS reservoirs during 1989 showed that they give results close among themselves and to the observed BOD5. This permits recommending both methods for practical use jointly or independently of one another.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Power technology and engineering 30 (1996), S. 392-399 
    ISSN: 1570-1468
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Conclusions 1. The developed dynamic model of the oxygen regime of the reservoir is in essence the next modification of the classical steady-state Streeter-Phelps model proposed for describing the interaction between dissolved oxygen and BOD on the river stretch. 2. Underlying the given modification is the use, in the Streeter-Phelps model, of a dynamic ideal mixer model for describing the process of movement of water in the reservoir, unlike a river stretch, on a steady-state ideal displacement model and consideration of certain additional oxygen sources and sinks having a determining effect on the oxygen regime of the reservoir and related mainly to the production and destruction (mineralization) of phytoplankton as well as to the inflow of river and wastewaters and oxygen consumption by bottom deposits. 3. The proposed dynamic model includes the main (numerical) and simplified (analytical) methods of calculating the oxygen regime of a reservoir, the practical use of which for calculating and predicting this regime in particular operating and planned reservoirs showed that they give similar results and, consequently, can be used jointly or independently of one another.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 61.72.Cc; 61.72.Ji; 73.61.Cw
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract.  Vacancy-related defects introduced into n-Si during annealing or aluminium diffusion at high temperatures (1000–1250 °C) have been studied. Different ambients (argon, nitrogen, vacuum and chlorine-containing atmosphere) were used to create a vacancy supersaturation during heat treatments. Three deep-level centers whose formation is governed by the presence of vacancies have been identified. They were characterized by the following temperature dependences of the thermal emission rate: e 3=7.92×107 T 2×exp(−0.455/kT), e 5= 2.64×106 T 2×exp(−0.266/kT), e 7=7.26×106 T 2×exp (−0.192/kT). The influence of different factors, such as heat-treatment conditions, concentration of oxygen and doping level in initial crystals, on center formation was studied. An asymmetric diffuse γ-ray scattering was observed near the surface of a crystal irradiated by thermal neutrons and annealed in a chlorine-containing atmosphere. This scattering is related to the formation of structural defects of the vacancy type. In the same region of the crystal, the concentration of the E7 center was one order of magnitude higher than that of other deep-level centers. Comparison of the γ-ray diffraction and deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) data suggests that the formation of the center occurs under the conditions of Si supersaturation with vacancies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 61.72.Cc ; 61.72.Ji ; 73.61.Cw
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Vacancy-related defects introduced into n-Si during annealing or aluminium diffusion at high temperature (1000–1250°C) have been studied. Different ambients (argon, nitrogen, vacuum and chlorine-containing atmosphere) were used to create a vacancy supersaturation during heat treatments. Three deep-level centers whose formation is governed by the presence of vacancies have been identified. They were characterized by the following temperature dependences of the thermal emission rate:e3 = 7.92 × 107 T 2 × exp(− 0.455/kT),e 5 = 2.64 × 106 T 2 × exp( − 0.266/kT),e 7 = 7.26 × 106 T 2 × exp (− 0.192/kT). The influence of different factors, such as heat-treatment conditions, concentration of oxygen and doping level in initial crystals, on center formation was studied. An asymmetric diffuseγ-ray scattering was observed near the surface of a crystal irradiated by thermal neutrons and annealed in a chlorine-containing atmosphere. This scattering is related to the formation of structural defects of the vacancy type. In the same region of the crystal, the concentration of the E7 center was one order of magnitude higher than that of other deep-level centers. Comparison of theγ-ray diffraction and deeplevel transient spectroscopy (DLTS) data suggests that the formation of the center occurs under the conditions of Si supersaturation with vacancies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1090-6487
    Keywords: 84.37.+q ; 74.72.Yg ; 74.72.Bk ; 74.72.Hs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The temperature dependences of the real part R s and the imaginary part X s of the surface impedance Z s =R s +iX s of the superconductor Ba0.6K0.4BiO3 (T c ≃30 K) are measured at a frequency of 9.4 GHz. Its temperature dependence Z s (T) and that of the complex conductivity σ s (T) can be described on the basis of a two-fluid model under two assumptions: The density of superconducting carriers increases linearly, and the relaxation time increases as a power law (∝1/T 5), with decreasing temperature T〈T c . This model also describes well the curves Z s (T) and σs (T) recently measured for YBa2Cu3O6.95 and Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 single crystals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1573-8205
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-9228
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Methods of transmission electron microscopy are used to establish the influence of preliminary surface decontamination on the microstructures of 20G2R and 30G1R steels after drawing and stamping. We explain how surface hydrogenation during decontamination by acid media leads to penetration of hydrogen into the metal and leads to an increase in long-range stress fields and formation of micropores and microcracks. We analyze the effect of the quantitative statistical characteristics of substructure evolution of steels with different contents of carbon and alloying elements. We consider possible mechanisms for hydrogen hardening of steel.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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