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  • 1
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: BACKGROUND: Pantoprazole is a proton pump inhibitor characterized by a low potential to interact with the cytochrome P450 enzyme system in man. Its effect on intragastric pH following single and repeated oral intake was investigated in comparison to omeprazole by continuous intragastric pH-metry at doses recommended for treatment of peptic ulcer disease. METHODS: Sixteen healthy male subjects underwent two dosing periods. From day 1 to day 7, they were given once daily by mouth 40 mg pantoprazole in one period and 20 mg omeprazole in the other period, according to a double-blind randomized crossover design. Twenty-four-hour intragastric pH was recorded and frequent blood samples for pharmacokinetic analysis were taken on day 1 and day 7. A placebo pH profile was obtained prior to each treatment period. RESULTS: Pantoprazole was significantly more effective than omeprazole with regard to increase in 24-h and daytime pH, following both single (median 24-h pH: 1.45 vs. 1.3, P 〈 0.05; median daytime pH: 1.6 vs. 1.3, P 〈 0.01) and repeated (median 24-h pH: 3.15 vs. 2.05, P 〈 0.01; median daytime pH: 3.8 vs. 2.65, P 〈 0.05) oral intake. As compared to the first dose, repeated administration of both drugs markedly increased the effect on intragastric pH. With pantoprazole, steady- state serum concentrations were obtained after the first dose, but not with omeprazole. Both drugs were well tolerated without relevant changes in vital signs of clinical laboratory parameters. CONCLUSION: Pantoprazole 40 mg is significantly more effective than omeprazole 20 mg in raising intragastric pH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Kontrastmittel ; Hochdosis ; Metastasen ; Gliome ; MRT ; Key words Contrast agents ; High-dose study ; Cerebral metastases ; Glioma ; MRI
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In analogy with high-dose contrast-enhanced CT, there have been a few studies during recent years that have dealt with high-dose paramagnetic contrast dyes in MRI. One reason for these studies was the development of new and low-osmolar contrast agents in the MR field. Depending on the clinical problem, a high-dose contrast study in MRI is rarely indicated: (1) in metastatic disease, MR imaging with high-dose contrast material is indicated when the standard dose study is negative or only shows a solitary cerebral lesion or a number of lesions just suitable for radiosurgery; (2) in patients with malignant glioma the high-dose study allows better definition of the tumor margins. If a radical surgical approach is planned, the diagnostic potential should be fully used; if only a biopsy or subtotal debulking is planned, a standard dose study is enough. (3) in patients with MS, a high-dose study is only recommended within therapeutic trials in which the number of active plaques is a primary variable.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In Analogie zu Erfahrungen mit der Hochdosiskontrastverstärkung in der CT wurden in den letzten Jahren Untersuchungen zur höheren Dosierung der paramagnetischen Kontrastmittel in der MRT gemacht. Dabei spielte auch auf dem MR-Sektor die Entwicklung von niedrig osmolaren Kontrastmitteln eine Rolle. In Abhängigkeit von der konkreten Fragestellung ist die Hochdosis-KM Gabe im kranialen MRT derzeit nur selten indiziert: 1. Zeigt das MR nach der KM-Standarddosis nur eine singuläre intrazerebrale Metastase oder aber eine Anzahl von Metastasen, bei der die Radiochirurgie gerade noch indiziert ist, ist eine zweite MR-Untersuchung mit einer Gesamtdosis von 0,3 mmol/kg KG zu empfehlen. Dies gilt auch, wenn unter der Standarddosis keine zerebrale Metastase bei malignem Grundleiden sichtbar ist. 2. Bei malignen hirneigenen Tumoren ermöglicht die Hochdosis-KM-Gabe eine bessere Definition der Tumorgrenzen. Wenn eine radikale Operation möglich erscheint, sollten die diagnostischen Möglichkeiten voll ausgeschöpft werden. Ist nur eine Biopsie oder eine subtotale Operation geplant, ist die Standarddosis ausreichend. 3. Bei der multiplen Sklerose ist die Hochdosis KM-Gabe nur in Therapiestudien indiziert, wenn eine der Zielvariablen die Anzahl der aktiven Plaques ist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 79.20.DS; 81.90.+c; 78.90.+t
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract.  Interaction phenomena of 50 ns copper vapour laser pulses (λ=511/578 nm) with matter are investigated. The basic ablation process is classified into four fundamental classes. On basis of this classification processing results are connected with specific material properties like the brittleness, the viscosity of the melt or the optical properties. Knowing these properties a prognosis of the expected fundamental process is possible. In order to generate a geometrically defined structure via ablation in a given material-specific process, strategies have to be developed. Typical examples for process strategies are given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 79.20.DS ; 81.90. + c ; 78.90. + t
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Interaction phenomena of 50 ns copper vapour laser pulses (λ = 511/578 nm) with matter are investigated. The basic ablation process is classified into four fundamental classes. On basis of this classification processing results are connected with specific material properties like the brittleness, the viscosity of the melt or the optical properties. Knowing these properties a prognosis of the expected fundamental process is possible. In order to generate a geometrically defined structure via ablation in a given material-specific process, strategies have to be developed. Typical examples for process strategies are given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words Pantoprazole; Proton pump inhibitor drug interaction ; oral anticoagulant phenprocoumon ; pharmacodynamics ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: Pantoprazole is a selective proton pump inhibitor characterized by a low potential to interact with the cytochrome P450 enzymes in man. Due to the clinical importance of an interaction with anticoagulants, this study was carried out to investigate the possible influence of pantoprazole on the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of phenprocoumon. Methods: Sixteen healthy male subjects were given individually adjusted doses of phenprocoumon to reduce prothrombin time ratio (Quick method) to about 30–40% of normal within the first 5–9 days and to maintain this level. The individual maintenance doses remained unaltered from day 9 on and were administered until day 15. Additionally, on study days 11–15, pantoprazole 40 mg was given per once daily. As a pharmacodynamic parameter, the prothrombin time ratio was determined on days 9 and 10 (reference value) and on days 14 and 15 (test value), and the ratio test/reference was evaluated according to equivalence criteria. Results: The equivalence ratio (test/reference) for prothrombin time ratio was 1.02 (90% confidence interval 0.95–1.09), thus fulfilling predetermined bioequivalence criteria (0.70–1.43). The pharmacokinetic characteristics AUC0–24h and Cmax of S(−)-and R(+)-phenprocoumon were also investigated using equivalence criteria. Equivalence ratios and confidence limits of AUC0–24h and of Cmax of S(−)-phenprocoumon (0.93, 0.87–1.00 for AUC0–24h; 0.95, 0.88–1.03 for Cmax) and of R(+)-phenprocoumon (0.89, 0.82–0.96; 0.9, 0.83–0.98) were within the accepted range of 0.8–1.25. Conclusion: Pantoprazole does not interact with the anticoagulant phenprocoumon on a pharmacodynamic or pharmacokinetic level. Concomitant treatment was well tolerated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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