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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Indented barrier resonant tunneling rectifiers (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 80 (1996), S. 4174-4176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This article concerns a novel negative-conductance device consisting of a series of N laterally indented barriers which exhibits resonant tunneling under one bias polarity and simple tunneling under the opposite one, thus acting as a rectifier. Electrons undergo resonant tunneling when the bias creates a band profile with N triangular wells which can each contain a resonant state. From 1 to N the addition of each indentation can be used to increase the current density and the rectification ratio, calculated at the current-peak bias at resonance, provided that at a given bias all the states in the triangular wells align each other with the emitter Fermi energy in order to form a resonance along the structure. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.363290
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elastooptic investigations in functional allyl polymer lightguides (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 63 (1996), S. 609-615 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: PACS:42.79.h; 42.79.P ; Q; 42.82; 71.29.Hk
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract.  Planar waveguides of the allyl polymer poly-(terephthal acid diallyl ester) (PDATP) exhibiting a particular high stress optical coefficient are investigated. Internal mechanical stress may be introduced in the waveguides by the in-diffusion of small vapour molecules or by the activation of a piezoelectric transducer in the substrate. Based on the induced stress the feasibility of gas sensors or electro acousto optic phase shifters (V π=180 V) with these waveguides is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01831001
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elastooptic investigations in functional allyl polymer lightguides (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 63 (1996), S. 609-615 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 42.79.h ; 42.79.P,Q ; 42.82 ; 71.29.Hk
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Planar waveguides of the allyl polymer poly-(terephthal acid diallyl ester) (PDATP) exhibiting a particular high stress optical coefficient are investigated. Internal mechanical stress may be introduced in the wave-guides by the in-diffusion of small vapour molecules or by the activation of a piezoelectric transducer in the substrate. Based on the induced stress the feasibility of gas sensors or electro acousto optic phase shifters (V π=180 V) with these waveguides is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01831001
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of NaOH on dodecyltrimethylammonium hydroxide aggregation in aqueous solutions (1996)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 274 (1996), S. 854-859 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Hydroxide surfactants ; critical micelle concentration ; aggregation ; cationic surfactants ; counterion effect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The aggregation of dodecyltrimethylammonium hydroxide (DTAOH) in aqueous NaOH solutions was studied as a function of NaOH concentration. As in NaOH-free DTAOH aqueous solutions, the surfactant underwent a stepwise aggregation mechanism. Changes in the structure of aggregates produced an increase of the concentration at which premicellar aggregates could solubilize hydrophobic dyes and also in the concentration at which hydroxide inons join the aggregates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00654743
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on styrene phosphonic acid (1996)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 274 (1996), S. 741-746 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Styrene phosphonic acidcrystals ; micelle solubilization ; solubility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Some properties of styrene phosphonic acid (SPA) were studied. The crystals were triclinic, witha=0.6434 nm,b=0.5842 nm,c=2.0338 nm, α=96.17°, β=97.33°, γ=79.65° andZ=4. SPA underwent a change in crystal structure at 78.8°C, the hydrocarbon network became disordered (“liquid-like”) at 138.5°C. Crystals melted at 148.6°C giving a cubic mesophase, then changed to an isotropic liquid at 155.6°C and at 162.13°C SPA underwent decomposition. Values for pK1=2.15 and pK2=7.66 were obtained at 25°C. The water solubility of SPA at several temperatures, and its interaction with surfactant micelles were determined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00654669
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The aggregation ofn-dodecanephosphonic acid in water (1996)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 274 (1996), S. 1089-1093 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Micelles ; critical micelle concentration ; dodecanephosphonic acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Several techniques were employed to study the aggregation ofn-Dodecanephosphonic Acid (DPA) in water. At 22°C, the solubillity of DPA increases, probably due to the formation of small premicellar aggregates. The CMC is (5.4±2.4) ×10−4 mol·dm−3 and the solubility reaches the CMC value at 26°C. At 30°C and at a concentration of about 9×10−3 mol·dm−3, a lamellar mesophase appears. Both micelles and liquid crystal lamellae are almost uncharged. Their polar heads have strong hydrogen bonds between them. The ionization of DPA molecules in micelles and mesophase structures is strongly reduced in comparison with monomerically dissolved molecules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00658374
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Counterion specificity of the micelle surface and its implications on micellar catalysis (1996)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 274 (1996), S. 662-668 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Micellar catalysis ; critical micelle concentration ; micellization ; counterion distribution constants ; hydroxide surfactants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide — Dodecyltrimethyl-ammonium hydroxide — water mixtures were studied with ion-selective electrodes, and the aggregation behavior, degree of ionization of the micelles and the distribution constants of bromide and hydroxide ions between water and micelles were found, showing that some suppositions about the interpretation of micellar catalysis are incorrect, and these interpretations must be revised. The results support the mass action model for the theoretical treatment of micellar catalysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00653065
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The aggregation of aqueous dodecylphosphonic acid in dodecyltrimethylammonium hydroxide mixtures (1996)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 274 (1996), S. 669-677 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Dodecanephosphonic acid ; dodecyltrimethylammonium hydroxide ; mixed micelles ; critical micelle concentration ; aggregation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The aggregation of aqueous dodecylphosphonic acid (DPA) and dodecyltrimethylammonium hydroxide (DTAOH) mixtures was studied by several methods. The behavior of DPA-rich mixtures is close to that of pure DPA. This is probably due to the preservation of the hydrogen-bonded structure of the micellar headgroup layer. The behavior is almost ideal. Betweeny DPA =0.5 and 0.33 (y DPA being the mole fraction of DPA in the surfactant mixture), the hydrogen-bonded structure of the micellar headgroup layer is destroyed. A sort of “micellar azeotrope” is formed, and the maximum of non-ideal interaction between the two surfactants is attained aty DPA =0.4. Fory DPA 〈0.33 the system behaves as a common mixture of a cationic surfactant and a non-ionic one (DPA.2LTA). There is a phenomenon of counterion “condensation” on aggregates at concentrations over the CMC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00653066
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