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FUNGAL ENDOPHYTES: A Continuum of Interactions with Host Plants (1998)

Saikkonen, K. ; Faeth, S. H. ; Helander, M. ; [et al.]

Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews

Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 29 (1998), S. 319-343

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ISSN: 0066-4162

Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract Endophytic fungi living asymptomatically within plant tissues have been found in virtually all plant species. Endophytes are considered plant mutualists: They receive nutrition and protection from the host plant while the host plant may benefit from enhanced competitive abilities and increased resistance to herbivores, pathogens, and various abiotic stresses. Limited evidence also indicates that endophytes may influence population dynamics, plant community diversity, and ecosystem function. However, most of the empirical evidence for this mutualism and its ecological consequences has been based on a few agronomic grass endophytes. More recent studies suggest that endophyte-host plant interactions are variable and range from antagonistic to mutualistic. A more comprehensive view of the ecology and evolution of endophytes and host plants is needed. This article discusses how life history traits-such as fungal reproduction and pattern of infections and genotypic variation and ecological factors-influence the direction and strength of the endophyte-host plant interaction.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.29.1.319

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Reduced-Form Modelling of Surface Water and Soil Chemistry for the Tracking and Analysis Framework (1998)

Sinha, R. ; Small, M. J. ; Ryan, P. F. ; [et al.]

Springer

Water, air & soil pollution 105 (1998), S. 617-642

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ISSN: 1573-2932

Keywords: acid deposition ; Adirondacks ; integrated assessment ; lake acidification ; mathematical model ; reduced-form modelling ; soil acidification

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering

Notes: Abstract A reduced-from modelling approach is used to predict soil and lake acidification as part of an integrated assessment of acid deposition effects and control strategies. The reduced-form model is based upon the mechanistic, lumped parameter watershed chemistry model, MAGIC (Model of Acidification of Groundwater in Catchments). Recent improvements to MAGIC are described, and its reduced-form representation in the Tracking and Analysis Framework (TAF), an integrated assessment model for decision and uncertainty analysis, is presented. Reduced-form models are developed for lake acid neutralising capacity (ANC), calcium, pH, and aluminium; and for soil base saturation. The model for lake ANC incorporates long-term depletion of the watershed acid neutralisation fraction, as is predicted to occur with MAGIC. In test calibrations for 33 representative watersheds in the Adirondacks, the resulting reduced-form model provides a close approximation to MAGIC, with average root mean square errors of 0.79 μeq l-1 for ANC, 1.09 μeq l-1 for calcium, 0.16 for pH, 2.52 μeq l-1 for aluminium, and 0.09% for soil base saturation. In addition, improved fish viability models are incorporated in the integrated assessment model, and predictions are demonstrated for a future deposition reduction scenario for the Adirondack region.