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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 54 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 54 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the imaging properties and diagnostic potential of the novel polymeric ultrasound contrast agent SHU 563 A. After i. v. injection, the agent circulates in the blood pool for about 10 min and is then subsequently sequestered by the RES cells predominantly in the liver. The acoustic emission capabilities enable a very sensitive detection during the blood pool phase and after uptake in the RES cells, contributing to differential diagnosis as well as detection of liver lesions. During a multicenter study, 28 patients with liver lesions were examined. In all patients the results were compared to baseline ultrasound and Contrast enhanced Spiral CT. With respect to lesion size and location, very good agreement between SHU 563 A ultrasound and Spiral CT was achieved. Additional lesions could be shown in the RES phase by SHU 563 A enhanced ultrasound. 26 further patients were examined in other indications. The results in all 54 patients indicate good safety and tolerance of SHU 563 without limitations for diagnostic use. SHU 563 A enhanced ultrasound adds significantly to the detection and delineation of focal liver lesions by improving conspicuity due to RES based contrast after uptake.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. A novel ultrasonic imaging method, wideband harmonic imaging, for nonlinear imaging of microbubble contrast agents is evaluated. In wideband harmonic mode, two pulses of alternate phase are send out. The image is then processed from the sum of both pulses, resulting in an image of nonlinear scatterers such as microbubbles. A prototype ultrasound system, Siemens Elegra, was evaluated with in vitro investigations and animal trials, using conventional, harmonic and wideband harmonic settings with the galactose based ultrasound contrast agent Levovist. Wideband harmonic imaging offers superior sensitivity for ultrasound contrast agents compared to conventional imaging and harmonic imaging. At low transmit power settings (MI 0.1–0.5) the nonlinear response is already sufficient to generate a image of the blood pool distribution of Levovist in the rabbit kidney including the microvasculature, with clear delineation of vessels and perfused parenchyma. At high transmit amplitudes, nonlinear tissue response reduced the apparent image contrast between contrast agent and tissue. The results suggest that wideband harmonic imaging is currently the most sensitive contrast imaging technique, maintaining highest spatial resolution. This may add to image quality and offer new clinical potential for the use of ultrasound contrast agents such as Levovist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Herzschrittmachertherapie & Elektrophysiologie 10 (1999), S. S029 
    ISSN: 1435-1544
    Keywords: Key words Atrial fibrillation – catheder ablation – wavelength – reentry ; Schlüsselwörter Vorhofflimmern – Katherablation – Wellenlänge – kreisende Erregungen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Hintergrund: Obwohl die Pathophysiologie von Vorhofflimmern durch eine Reihe grundlegender, fast schon historischer Arbeiten weitgehend aufgeklärt schien, zwingen neue Erkenntnisse zu einer Modifikation gängiger Konzepte. Studienziel: Durch die vorliegende Übersicht soll die aktuelle Datenlage in das System etablierter Hypothesen und Konzepte integriert werden. Methoden: Analysiert wurde die verfügbare Literatur seit Anfang des Jahrhunderts bis hin zu aktuellen, auch eigenen Befunden. Ergebnisse: Basierend auf den Befunden von Garrey sowie von Moe und Abildskov galt Vorhofflimmern bislang als der Prototyp einer durch multiple, zufällig sich etablierende Kreiserregungen bedingte Rhythmusstörung, deren Stabilität von der Anzahl simultan aktivierter Erregungskreise abhängt. Lokale Refraktär- und Leitungseigenschaften sollen die Größe individueller Erregungskreise festlegen, wobei sich diese Hypothese zwar schlüssig für die Refraktärzeit, aber bislang kaum für die Leitungsgeschwindigkeit belegen läßt. Die Zufälligkeit im Aktivierungsmuster multipler kreisender Erregungen wird durch die dominierende Rolle des linken Vorhofs für die Aufrechterhaltung von Vorhofflimmern in Frage gestellt, ebenso durch eine erst jüngst beschriebene, räumliche und zeitliche Periodizität der elektrischen Aktivierung. Schließlich belegen die Erfahrungen mit ablativen Verfahren, daß auch fokales oder zumindest fokal induziertes Vorhofflimmern klinisch eine Rolle spielt. Schlußfolgerungen: Aufgrund neuerer Erkenntnisse müssen die Vorstellungen zur Pathophysiologie von Vorhofflimmern zwar nicht gänzlich revidiert, aber doch erheblich modifiziert werden.
    Notes: Background: Although several classical studies seemed to provide clear ideas on the pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation, current concepts have to be modified on the basis of more recent findings. Aims of the study: The present review is an attempt to integrate current knowledge into the system of established hypotheses and concepts. Methods: The review is based on the available literature from the beginning of this century to the present. Results: Based on the findings of Garrey and of Moe and Abildskov, atrial fibrillation has been considered as the prototype of an arrhythmia being caused by multiple, random reentrant circuits, the number of which would determine the stability of the reentrant process. Local refractory and conduction properties would determine the size of individual circuits, a hypothesis quite convincing with respect to refractoriness, but so far hard to prove with respect to conduction. Atrial fibrillation as a random phenomenon is questioned not only by the dominat role of the left atrium for the maintenance of the arrhythmia, but also by most recent data demonstrating a spatio-temporal periodicity in activation patterns. Finally, ablation studies have provided convincing evidence that there is a subset of patients with focal or at least focally induced atrial fibrillation. Conclusions: More recent insights into the pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation do not imply a complete reappraisal of current ideas and concepts, but definitely a thorough revision.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 262 (1999), S. 332-341 
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key words Leucine transport ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Trifluoroleucine resistance ; LEP1 ; SAC3
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Leucine uptake by Saccharomyces cerevisiae is mediated by three transport systems, the general amino acid transport system (GAP), encoded by GAP1, and two group-specific systems (S1 and S2), which also transport isoleucine and valine. A new mutant defective in both group-specific transport activities was isolated by employing a gap1 leu4 strain and selecting for trifluoroleucine-resistant mutants which also showed greatly reduced ability to utilize l-leucine as sole nitrogen source and very low levels of [14C]l-leucine uptake. A multicopy plasmid containing a DNA fragment which complemented the leucine transport defect was isolated by selecting for transformants that grew normally on minimal medium containing leucine as nitrogen source and subsequently assaying [14C]l-leucine uptake. Transformation of one such mutant, lep1, restored sensitivity to trifluoroleucine. The complementing gene, designated LEP1, was subcloned and sequenced. The LEP1 ORF encodes a large protein that lacks characteristics of a transporter or permease (i.e., lacks hydrophobic domains necessary for membrane association). Instead, Lep1p is a very basic protein (pI of 9.2) that contains a putative bipartite signal sequence for targeting to the nucleus, suggesting that it might be a DNA-binding protein. A database search revealed that LEP1 encodes a polypeptide that is identical to Sac3p except for an N-terminal truncation. The original identification of SAC3 was based on the isolation of a mutant allele, sac3-1, that suppresses the temperature-sensitive growth defect of an actin mutant containing the allele act1-1. Sac3p has been previously shown to be localized in the nucleus. When a lep1 mutant was crossed with a sac3 deletion mutant, no complementation was observed, indicating that the two mutations are functionally allelic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1434-3916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Intestinal stasis followed by mucosal barrier breakdown and the generation of locally produced cytokines has been proposed as the cause of systemic infection and multiple organ failure following hemorrhagic shock. The aim of this study was to investigate the underlying mechanisms of impaired intestinal muscle function leading to ileus following hemorrhagic shock. Rats were subjected to severe hemorrhagic shock (mean arterial pressure 40 mm Hg) followed by resuscitation and were killed early at 4 h or late at 24 h. Other groups consisted of control and sham animals. Intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) mRNA levels were significantly elevated in the muscularis but not in the mucosa using the semiquantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). There was a marked infiltration of neutrophils into the muscularis early and late after shock. Furthermore, smooth muscle contractility in response to bethanechol was significantly decreased, being more pronounced in the early group. Immunohistochemistry revealed signal for ICAM-1 in the muscularis microvasculature and on infiltrating cells. These results suggest that the expression of ICAM-1 within the muscularis vasculature after hemorrhagic shock promotes the local recruitment of leukocytes and that this inflammatory response is accompanied by a subsequent impairment of intestinal contractility.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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