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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enzymatic dissociation of keratinocytes from human skin biopsies for in vitro cell propagation (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Experimental dermatology 8 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0625
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Four techniques for dissociation of skin biopsies were compared to identify the method of choice for optimal expansion of isolated keratinocytes. Equivalent biopsies were obtained from 4 healthy human subjects and each divided into four parts. One part was minced and placed in a trypsinizing flask containing 0.05% trypsin and 0.01% ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid (EDTA). Released cells were harvested hourly. With the other parts, the epidermis was separated from the dermis after treatment with 0.5 mg/ml thermolysin, 2.5 mg/ml Dispase, or 0.17% trypsin and the epidermal portions were minced and incubated for 1 h in trypsin:EDTA. The cells were cocultivated with irradiated 3T3 fibroblasts to study the keratinocytes' proliferative capacity. Freshly isolated cells were immunostained with anti-vimentin antibodies or grown in fibroblast-supportive conditions to detect the presence of human dermal fibroblasts. The mean number of cells dissociated per cm2 biopsy was higher after trypsin:EDTA digestion of a dermis-containing biopsy using a trypsinizing flask (4.0x106 cells/cm2) compared to a biopsy where dermis-epidermis had been separated by thermolysin (2.8x106 cells/cm2), Dispase (2.3x106 cells/cm2) or trypsin (1.1x106 cells/cm2). Between 0.5% and 4% of the cells dissociated from a dermis-containing biopsy were human fibroblasts. This comprised more than twice the number of fibroblasts obtained by using epidermal/dermal split techniques. The proliferative capacity in primary and secondary culture was higher in cells isolated by trypsin:EDTA incubation in the trypsinizing flask or after epidermal-dermal separation using thermolysin, suggesting that Dispase or trypsin may have a more detrimental effect on the isolated keratinocytes. Our results show that dissociating the cells by trypsin:EDTA incubation in a trypsinizing flask or after epidermal-dermal separation using thermolysin, are preferable methods for isolating keratinocytes from human skin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0625.1999.tb00345.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Smoking and crevicular fluid levels of IL-6 and TNF-a in periodontal disease (1999)
    Munksgaard : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Journal of clinical periodontology 26 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-051X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Smoking is a well-documented risk factor for periodontal disease, although the mechanisms of its negative influence are not well understood. In the present study, the influence of smoking on the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) content of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α was investigated in patients with moderate to severe forms of the disease. The study base consisted of 108 patients including 45 current smokers, 28 former smokers and 35 nonsmokers. The median GCF sample levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were 5.0 pg/ml and 61.0 pg/ml, respectively, for current smokers, 13.0 pg/ml and 51.0 pg/ml, respectively, for former smokers, and 10.0 pg/ml and 12.0 pg/ml, respectively, for nonsmokers. The differences between smoking groups with regard to IL-6 were not significant suggesting that the IL-6 content was not influenced by smoking. In contrast, the TNF-α content was significantly increased in current smokers as compared to non-smokers confirming our previous observations. The present results in patients with moderate to severe periodontal disease may indicate different mediator functions of IL-6 and TNF-α in response to smoking.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-051X.1999.260604.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mite fauna in the home and sensitivity to house-dust and storage mites (1999)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 54 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In search of potential new indoor allergen sources, all mites in dust from homes of 55 asthmatic children living in three climatic regions in Sweden were counted and identified by light microscope. Antibodies of the IgE class against three house-dust mites and three storage mites were measured in corresponding serum samples. Mites were found in all but two homes from the northernmost area, where levels also were lower than in the other regions. The highest mite densities were most often found in bedrooms (50%) and living rooms (40%). Mite density was increased in homes with high humidity and was higher in bungalows than in flats. House-dust mites predominated in the south and storage mites in the east central area, particularly in kitchens and bathrooms. Mite-density and IgE-antibody levels against house-dust mites were significantly associated. The same association applied to storage mites. Other species numbered around 100 mites/g dust in some homes. Microscopy helps to identify potentially important mites. Analysing home dust only for house-dust mites will underestimate mite exposure. Storage mites may be as relevant to sensitivity as house-dust mites. As other species occasionally were found in high numbers, their relevance should also be assessed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.1999.00850.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The relative importance of food and shelter for seagrass-associated invertebrates: a latitudinal comparison of habitat choice by isopod grazers (1999)
    Springer
    Oecologia 120 (1999), S. 162-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Key words Habitat choice ; Habitat complexity ; Predation ; Trade-off ; Latitude
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The generality of mechanisms affecting habitat choice and grazing in seagrass meadows was evaluated in a latitudinal comparison of seagrass grazers from the temperate (60°N) Baltic Sea and the subtropical (30°N) Gulf of Mexico. Using similar habitat choice experiment set-ups in Finland and the USA, the role of food type, habitat complexity and predation hazard on habitat choice of the isopods Idotea baltica (Pallas) and Erichsonella attenuata Harger were tested. When shelter was provided by both living and artificial seagrass, epiphytic food resources on artificial vegetation were clearly preferred by both species, although Idotea was attracted to epiphyte-free seagrass when no alternative food was present. When choosing between food and shelter, both species preferred epiphytic food over shelter. However, under predation hazard of fish, Erichsonella clearly switched to the habitat offering shelter, while the presence of a predatory fish produced no preference for shelter by Idotea. Food type may be considered as an universal mechanism that partly determines the presence of grazers in seagrass habitats and is, in the absence of a predator, more important than shelter. Predation risk affected the behaviour of the grazers, but the response varied between species possibly due to varying importance of fish predation in the areas studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004420050845
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A New Bone Dust Packer for Use in Neurosurgery (1999)
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 141 (1999), S. 183-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Keywords: Bonedust; craniotomy; burrhole; skindent.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary  A new tool for the packing of bone dust has been developed. The instrument compresses a mixture of bone dust and saline into suitable cylindrical plugs, fitting neatly into craniotomy burrholes. The skullbone at the craniotomy area will heal neatly also assuring the best healing possibilities for the overlying skin. The cosmetic results are excellent as no skin dents or cavities will be formed over the burrholes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007010050284
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of the nematofauna on microbial energy and matter transformation rates in European grassland soils (1999)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 212 (1999), S. 45-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: grasslands ; soil microclimate ; nematodes ; microflora ; interactions ; metabolic activity ; soil nitrogen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The effect of the nematofauna on the microbiology and soil nitrogen status was studied in 6 major European grassland types (Northern tundra (Abisko, Sweden), Atlantic heath (Otterburn, UK), wet grassland (Wageningen, Netherlands), semi-natural temperate grassland (Linden, Germany), East European steppe (Pusztaszer, Hungary) and Mediterranean garigue (Mt. Vermion, Greece). To extend the range of temperature and humidity experienced locally during the investigation period, soil microclimates were manipulated, and at each site 14 plots were established representing selected combinations of 6 temperature and 6 moisture levels. The investigated soils divided into two groups: mineral grassland soils that were precipitation fed (garigue, wet grassland, seminatural grassland, steppe), and wet organic soils that were groundwater fed (heath, tundra). Effects of the nematofauna on the microflora were found in the mineral soils, where correlations among nematode metabolic activity as calculated from a metabolic model, and microbial activity parameters as indicated by Biolog and ergosterol measurements, were significantly positive. Correlations with bacterial activity were stronger and more consistent. Microbial parameters, in turn, were significantly correlated with the size of the soil nitrogen pools NH4, NO3, and Norganic. Furthermore, model results suggested that there were remarkable direct effects of nematodes on soil nitrogen status. Calculated monthly nematode excretion contributed temporarily up to 27% of soluble soil nitrogen, depending on the site and the microclimate. No significant correlation among nematodes and microbial parameters, or nitrogen pools, were found in the wet organic soils. The data show that the nematofauna can under favourable conditions affect soil nitrogen status in mineral grassland soils both directly by excretion of N, and indirectly by regulating microbial activity. This suggests that the differences in nitrogen availability observed in such natural grasslands partly reflect differences in the activity of their indigenous nematofauna.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004682620283
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of the modulus of elasticity in bending of structural timber – comparison of two methods (1999)
    Springer
    Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff 57 (1999), S. 145-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-736X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001070050030
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of the Gm1-Species, [NeuN]-GM1, in a Case of Human Glioma (1999)
    Springer
    Neurochemical research 24 (1999), S. 275-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6903
    Keywords: GM1-ganglioside ; ganglioside-analogues ; tumor-gangliosides ; glioma ; tumor growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Altered glycosylation is a common feature in tumors of various kind and particular interest has been focused on the expression of tumor-associated gangliosides. We have previously identified some human glioma-associated gangliosides and in this study yet another, not previously described, ganglioside has been isolated. The ganglioside was prepared from human glioma tissue taken at autopsy. The new ganglioside bound cholera-toxin B-subunit and its structure was confirmed by fast atom bombardment—mass spectrometry to be NeuN-GM1 (II3NeuNH2-GgOse4Cer). In the dissected tumor specimen, the concentration of NeuN-GM1 was 0.1 μmol/g wet weight and accounted for approximately 20% of the monosialoganglioside fraction. Normal human brain tissue specimens (n = 10) did not contain detectable (〉0.5 nmol/g wet weight of tissue) amounts of NeuN-GM1, indicating that this ganglioside might be associated with human glioma. However, none of the 17 other tumour specimens reveal any detectable amounts of this ganglioside. In conclusion, NeuN GM1 is a glioma-associated ganglioside but its exceptional expression limits its relevance as a molecule involved in general tumor biology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022570222876
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mobile audio distribution (1999)
    Springer
    Personal and ubiquitous computing 3 (1999), S. 166-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4917
    Keywords: Digital rights management ; GPRS ; Music distribution ; UMTS ; Wireless LAN
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents a new concept for future audio entertainment distribution. The idea is to make music a service, not a product. All the music in the world will be available to the users wherever they are with an enhanced mobile telephone. The system has push and pull services. The push services send content that suits the users' profiles to a device without any user interaction. Thus there are no real-time demands and content can be sent with low priority or scheduled for a period with spare capacity. The pull services require user interaction and need more bandwidth, since users expect a reasonable response time. This approach solves the extensive problems with copyright infringement. The content is encrypted and can only be accessed via a key. Since users will have access to unlimited music resources for a reasonable price, they will not bother to copy music illegally.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01540550
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