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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An Algorithm for Identifying Similar Amino Acid Clusters among Different Alpha-Helical Coiled-Coil Proteins Using Their Secondary Structure (1999)
    Springer
    Algorithmica 25 (1999), S. 330-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0541
    Keywords: Key words. Computational biology, Protein structure, Coiled-coil, Epitope, Dynamic programming.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract. We describe a simple approach for finding identical amino acid clusters on the outer surface of α -helical coiled-coil proteins by examining the sequence of amino acids that compose the protein. Finding such similarities is an important immunological problem, since these may correspond to cross-reactive epitopes, i.e., sites at which antibodies produced against one protein also bind to another conformationally similar protein. Because of the regularities inherent in a coiled-coil structure the position of each amino acid on the structure is predicted. Based on this prediction, our algorithm finds similarities on the outer surface of the proteins. The matches found by our algorithm serve as an important screening process, intended to indicate which experiments to conduct to determine sites that correspond to cross-reactive epitopes. The location of several cross-reactive epitopes between M proteins and myosins had been verified experimentally. Although our approach makes many simplifying assumptions, these epitopes always correspond to clusters of identical amino acids, which our algorithm predicted to be contiguous on the outer surface. Our algorithm runs in O(n+m+r) time and O(n+m) space, where n and m are the lengths of the protein sequences, and r is the number of matching amino acids that appear in the same structural position of the α -helix in both sequences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00008281
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microwave-frequency alternating current scanning tunneling microscopy by difference frequency detection: Atomic resolution imaging on graphite (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 70 (1999), S. 3377-3380 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We present a detailed description of an experimental setup for alternating current scanning tunneling microscopy, in which two slightly detuned high frequency signals are mixed at the tunneling junction and the resulting difference frequency signal is amplified using conventional scanning tunneling microscope electronics. This signal is used to control the distance between the microscope tip and the sample. With graphite as a model surface atomic resolution images have been obtained. It is demonstrated that the origin of the generated signal on graphite is the nonlinearity of the static current–voltage characteristics. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1149922
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Single-molecule fluorescence autocorrelation experiments on pentacene: The dependence of intersystem crossing on isotopic composition (1999)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 110 (1999), S. 9151-9159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Single pentacene molecules containing 13C or 1H in a pentacene-d14 doped p-terphenyl crystal have been studied by fluorescence autocorrelation. The triplet dynamics has been analyzed and a systematic dependence of the S1→T1 intersystem crossing rate on isotopic composition was found. This variation is discussed in terms of a modulation of the near resonance of the first excited singlet state S1 and vibrational levels of an intermediating triplet state T3 which results from the distinct isotope dependence of the zero-point energy of both electronic states. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.478837
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nanosecond transient grating studies of jet-cooled NO2 (1999)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 110 (1999), S. 5734-5744 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We report the application of nanosecond transient grating spectroscopy to probe the excited state level structure of NO2 near 487.9 nm. Intensity and polarization grating transients were obtained in one-color (DFWM) and two-color (TC-RFWM) configurations. Most grating transients exhibit pronounced beats, arising from coherences among excited state hyperfine levels, which are enhanced in polarization grating experiments. Analysis of these beats yields detailed information on the excited state hyperfine level structure at a resolution 100 times smaller than the bandwidth of the applied laser fields. The grating transients are compared to predictions of the grating decomposition method (GDM) using Fourier transform analysis. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.478472
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic reversal of tapered permalloy bars with holes in the center (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 85 (1999), S. 4601-4603 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The magnetic reversal mechanism of tapered permalloy bars with holes in the center was studied using a Magnetic Force Microscope with in situ magnetic field capability. The samples studied were lithographically patterned from a 20-nm-thick NiFe film using a subtractive process to create tapered bars 18 wide×348 μm long. The easy axis of the permalloy is parallel to the long axis of the bar. In the center of the tapered bar was either a 10, 5, or 3 μm diameter hole. The remnant state after saturation parallel to the long axis of the bar is a large domain magnetized along the saturating field direction except near the hole. The magnetization at the edge of the hole can be explained by considering edge pinning and the last direction of a saturating magnetic field. An inplane magnetic field parallel to the long axis of the bar reverses the magnetization by domain nucleation at the edge of the hole. After the bar has reversed, the same type of wall structure is seen as in the remnant state. As the magnetic field is increased further, the magnetization rotates away from parallel to the edge of the hole, as seen by the emergence of surface poles along the hole edge. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.370421
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microwave-mixing scanning capacitance microscopy of pn junctions (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 86 (1999), S. 7094-7099 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We describe an approach to scanning capacitance microscopy. A mixing technique is employed for imaging local capacitance variations simultaneously with the sample topography using an atomic force microscope (AFM) with a conductive tip. A SiO2/Si sample with lateral pn junctions formed by ion implantation has been investigated. Microwave signals incident on the metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) structure formed by the AFM tip and the sample give rise to mixing signals due to the nonlinear voltage dependence of the space charge capacitance in the Si. In our experiments two microwave input signals with frequencies f1 and f2 and a variable dc bias voltage were applied to the tip-sample MOS structure. The dependence of the generated sum frequency and third harmonic signals on the dc sample voltage shows that the f1+f2 and 3 f signals are proportional to dC/dV and d2C/dV2, respectively. Images of the sum frequency and third harmonic signals delineating the pn junctions on our model sample are presented and the dc bias voltage dependence of the images is discussed. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.371797
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Remanent magnetization plots of fine particles with competing cubic and uniaxial anisotropies (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 85 (1999), S. 7321-7327 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Magnetization and remanent magnetization curves for noninteracting single-domain particles whose anisotropy is made up of a cubic magnetocrystalline and an uniaxial components were investigated. For a given cubic anisotropy, the saturation remanence, coercivity, remanence coercivity, and coercivity factor values have been obtained for several different uniaxial anisotropy directions. The corresponding δM plots have been constructed for initially thermal or ac demagnetized systems, and a great variety of their shapes has been obtained when the uniaxial anisotropy does not dominate. Coercivity factor values rather higher than those for pure uniaxial or cubic anisotropy particles have been obtained as well, even for already dominating uniaxial anisotropy for some uniaxial anisotropy directions. Thus, it has been shown that one may not safely draw conclusions about interactions from deviations from the zero line in the δM plots or coercivity factor values for particles with competing anisotropies without specific analysis for any particular case. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.369356
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural changes of Fe precipitates in annealed Fe-Al2O3 films (1999)
    Chester : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Journal of synchrotron radiation 6 (1999), S. 714-716 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5775
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0909049598017324
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Motor pattern switching in the heartbeat pattern generator of the medicinal leech: membrane properties and lack of synaptic interaction in switch interneurons (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 184 (1999), S. 311-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Key words Motor pattern switching ; Dynamic clamp ; Single-electrode voltage clamp ; Leech
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The motor program for heartbeat in the medicinal leech is produced by a central pattern generator that regularly switches between two alternative coordination states. A pair of switch heart interneurons reciprocally alternate between rhythmically active and inactive states to effect these switches. During spontaneous switches in the activity state of switch interneurons, there was no correlation between the duration of a particular activity state and beat period, indicating that the timing networks for the switch cycle and the beat cycle are relatively independent. Simultaneous recordings from two switch heart interneurons showed that a perturbation in the electrical activity of one does not influence switching of the other and that there is no synaptic interaction between them. Using voltage clamp, we characterized an L-like Ca2+ current (measured as Ba2+ currents), inactivating and non-inactivating K+ currents, a persistent Na+ current, and a hyperpolarization-activated inward current in switch interneurons. Dynamic clamp experiments show that “subtraction” of an artificial switch leak conductance (described previously by Gramoll et al. 1994) from a switch interneuron when it is in the inactive state causes it to display activity associated with the active state. We discuss how the switch leak conductance may interact with the intrinsic currents of switch interneurons to control their activity state.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003590050329
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The value of Janda's functional muscular diagnostics. Experience with first league wrestlers (1999)
    Springer
    Manuelle Medizin 37 (1999), S. 89-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0466
    Keywords: Key words Functional muscular diagnostics • Janda • Muscular imbalance • Sports injuries • Prevention ; Schlüsselwörter Muskelfunktionsdiagnostik • Janda • Muskuläre Dysbalancen • Sportverletzungen • Prävention
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Muskelfunktionsdiagnostik nach Janda erlaubt, Muskelverkürzungen zu erkennen. Sie ist eine einfache und reproduzierbare Methode, die vor und während der Saison muskuläre Dysbalancen aufdecken kann. Mehrere Untersuchungen konnten zeigen, daß sich die Verletzungsinzidenz durch frühzeitig erkannte Dysbalancen und deren Therapie reduzieren ließ. Die Muskelfunktionsdiagnostik nach Janda sollte im Rahmen der sportärztlichen Betreuung zum Einsatz kommen. Zur Diagnose komplexer Probleme ist die Janda-Testung nicht vorgesehen und nicht geeignet. Gefundene Hypermobilitäten sind überwiegend sportartspezifisch, können jedoch z. T. Ursache für spezielle Probleme (Instabilitätsimpingement) sein. Hypomobilitäten erfordern Zusatzuntersuchungen (z. B. Röntgen), um die Genese (z. B. Hüftdysplasie) derselben herauszufinden. Die Janda Methode kann dem Untersucher in diesen speziellen Fällen nicht weiterhelfen.
    Notes: Summary Especially by using the “Functional Muscular Diagnostics” described by Janda specific muscular imbalances can be found. The method is easy to apply and should be used during and before the championship season. Several studies show a high amount of muscular imbalances in athletes leading to sport-specific injuries. Treatment can prevent these injuries. More complex problems (e. g. hip dysplasia) can not be diagnosed with this method. They require the use of other diagnostic tools (X-ray, CT-Scan, NMR). Generalized joint laxity is often sport specific, sometimes this can cause problems likewise the instability impingement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003370050111
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