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  • 1
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: In the Tokamak à Configuration Variable (TCV), the central electron temperature obtained in discharges with counter (CNTR) electron cyclotron current drive (ECCD) is larger than with CO-ECCD or electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) alone. Comparison of experimental results with calculations by the transport code PRETOR [IAEA Technical Conference on Advances in Simulation and Models of Thermonuclear Plasmas. Montreal 142 (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna 1992)] indicates that sawtooth stabilization is responsible for the increased confinement time and the attendant twofold enhancement of the central temperature. Sawtooth stabilization is caused in turn by the central safety factor q0 rising above 1 for CNTR-ECCD; by contrast, the simulation results show that q0〈1 in the sawtoothing CO-ECCD and ECRH cases. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 12 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The auxiliary calcium channel α2δ subunit comprises a family of three genes, α2δ-1 to 3, which are expressed in a tissue-specific manner. α2δ-2 mRNA is found in the heart, skeletal muscle, brain, kidney, liver and pancreas. We report here for the first time the identification and functional characterization of α2δ-2 splice variants and their mRNA distribution in the mouse brain. The splice variants differ in the α2 and δ protein by eight and three amino acid residues, respectively, and are differentially expressed in cardiac tissue and human medullary thyroid carcinoma (hMTC) cells. In situ hybridization of mouse brain sections revealed the highest expression of α2δ-2 mRNA in the Purkinje cell layer of the cerebellum, habenulae and septal nuclei, and a lower expression in the cerebral cortex, olfactory bulb, thalamic and hypothalamic nuclei, as well as the inferior and superior colliculus. As the in situ data did not suggest a specific colocalization with any α1 subunit, coexpression studies of α2δ-2 were carried out either with the high-voltage-gated calcium channels, α1C, α1E or α1A, or with the low-voltage-gated calcium channel, α1G. Coexpression of α2δ-2 increased the current density, shifted the voltage dependence of channel activation and inactivation of α1C, α1E and α1A subunits in a hyperpolarizing direction, and accelerated the decay and shifted the steady-state inactivation of the α1G current.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Schlagwort(e): Auxiliary subunits DHP receptor Inactivation L-type calcium channel
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. Ba2+ currents through L-type Ca2+ channels were measured in tsA201 cells transiently transfected with expression vectors encoding the dihydropyridine (DHP) receptor subunits α1C, β1a-GFP, α2δ and γ. The subunit effect on channel function was studied by omitting either α2δ or γ from the transfection mixture and analyzing the voltage dependence and kinetics of activation, inactivation and recovery from inactivation. Activation could be described by a single exponential function while the time course of inactivation of the Ba2+ current followed a double exponential function. Progressively longer depolarization led to increasingly slower recovery, indicating the successive occupancy of several inactive states. Activation parameters remained largely unaffected in γ-deficient cells whereas the voltage dependence of inactivation was shifted by 16 mV to more positive potentials and the larger one of the two inactivation time constants was increased by one-third. On the other hand, α2δ-deficient cells showed decreased current density and slowed activation and inactivation. Recovery from inactivation was significantly slowed by γ coexpression. This and the effect of the γ subunit on steady-state inactivation were independent of the presence of α2δ. We conclude that γ stabilizes L-type Ca2+ channel inactivation in a way similar to certain Ca2+-antagonistic drugs. α2δ is not needed for this effect.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Schlagwort(e): Keywords: Blood-borne pathogens – Hepatitis-B virus – Hepatitis-C virus – HIV – Exposure-prone procedures. ; Schlüsselwörter: Blutübertragene Infektionserreger – Hepatitis-B-Virus – Hepatitis-C-Virus – HIV – gefahrgeneigte Tätigkeit.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung. In den USA (1991), Kanada (1998), im Vereinigten Königreich (1993, 1994) und in Deutschland (1999) wurden Empfehlungen zur Durchführung „gefahrgeneigter Tätigkeiten“ durch Hepatitis-B-Virus (HBV)-, Hepatitis-C-Virus (HCV)- und HIV-infektiöse Personen veröffentlicht. In dieser Arbeit werden die Definitionen gefahrgeneigter Tätigkeiten, die Methoden zur Reduktion der Transmission von blutübertragenen Mikroorganismen, die Impf- und Testpolitik, die Bildung eines Expertengremiums und die Frage von Rückschauuntersuchungen zusammengefaßt, die in diesen Regelungen enthalten sind.
    Notizen: Abstract. In the United States of America (1991), in Canada (1998), in the UK (1993, 1994) and in Germany (1999) recommendations have been published concerning performance of „exposure-prone procedures“ (EPP) by persons infected with Hepatitis-B virus (HBV), Hepatitis-C virus (HCV) or HIV. This review summarises the definition of EPP, methods to reduce the transmission of blood-borne pathogens, immunisation and screening policies, constitution of an advisory panel and the question of trace-back investigations described in these regulations.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Der Chirurg 71 (2000), S. 389-395 
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Schlagwort(e): Keywords: Disease transmission – Professional-to-patient – HIV – HBV – HCV – Nosocomial infection. ; Schlüsselwörter: Infektion – Personal – Patient – HIV – HBV – HCV – nosokomiale Übertragung.
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung. Berichte über 46 Fälle nosokomialer Übertragungen von Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) und HIV von infektiösem medizinischem Personal auf Patienten wurden zusammengestellt und analysiert. Die nosokomiale Übertragung von HBV (40 Fälle, 404 infizierte Patienten), HCV (4 Fälle, 224 infizierte Patienten) und HIV (2 Fälle, 7 infizierte Patienten) zeigt Parallelen auf. Die zahlenmäßig umfassendsten Übertragungsfälle (217 HCV-Infektionen durch einen Anaesthesist, 75 HBV-Übertragungen durch einen EEG-Laborant) werden auf unzureichende Hygienemaßnahmen zurückgeführt (hier: i. v. Drogenkonsum). Bei Einhalten der üblichen Hygienemaßnahmen besteht nur durch infektiöses chirurgisches ärztliches Personal ein Infektionsrisiko für Patienten. Tätigkeitsbeschränkungen sollten nur nach Einzelfallprüfung ausgesprochen werden. Häufig hat sich das betroffene Personal selbst an Patienten infiziert. Geräte und Arbeitsmethoden sollten regelmäßig in Bezug auf Infektionsgefährdung für Personal und Patienten überprüft werden.
    Notizen: Abstract. This report analyzes 46 cases of personnel-to-patient transmissions of hepatitis B (HB), hepatitis C (HC) and HIV in health care settings. Similar circumstances were found for transmission of HB (40 cases, 404 infected patients), HC (4 cases, 224 infected patients) and HIV (2 cases, 7 infected patients). Cases with the highest number of transmissions (one anesthesiologist with 217 HC transmissions, and one EEG technologist with 75 HB transmissions) were attributed to poor infection control practices. As long as infected health care workers (HCW) adhere to general infection control measures, a risk for transmission to patients exists only from infected surgeons who perform‚xposure-prone invasive procedures’. Whether changes in duties of infected HCW are necessary should be decided on an individual basis. Often, the infected personnel were assumed to have acquired the disease occupationally. Medical practices and devices bearing a risk of infection should constantly be reviewed with regard to risk for patients and personnel.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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