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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Joule heating generated by spin current through Josephson junctions (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 7505-7507 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We theoretically study the spin-polarized current flowing through a Josephson junction (JJ) in a spin injection device. When the spin-polarized current is injected from a ferromagnet in a superconductor (SC), the charge current is carried by the superconducting condensate (Cooper pairs), while the spin-up and spin-down currents flow in equal magnitude but in the opposite direction in a SC, because of no quasiparticle charge current in the SC. This indicates that not only the Josephson current but also the spin current flow across JJ at zero bias voltage, thereby generating Joule heating by the spin current. The result provides a new method for detecting the spin current by measuring Joule heating at JJ. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1357860
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fabrication and characteristics of submicron tunneling junctions on high Tc superconducting c-axis thin films and single crystals (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 7675-7677 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report successful fabrication and characteristics of submicron-size tunneling junctions using c-axis YBa2Cu3O7−y (YBCO) thin films of 800 nm thickness and Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ(Bi-2212) single-crystal whiskers. The junctions were made using a three-dimensional focused-ion-beam etching method. First, a microbridge was patterned in a required junction width by normal direction etching. By tilting the sample stage up to 90°, two grooves on the bridge were etched from the lateral direction in order to create the required junction size. The 60 K YBCO junctions did not show any degradation of critical current density (Jc) down to an in-plane area of 0.5 μm2 and showed current–voltage (I–V) characteristics of the collective switching transition from the zero voltage state to the resistive state. For Bi-2212 stacks smaller than 1 μm2, we identified some of the features of charging effects on the I–V characteristics. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1361267
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of C–C chemokine TARC in human nasal mucosa and its regulation by cytokines (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 31 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Although interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5 have been demonstrated to play a critical role in the pathophysiology of allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis, the mechanism that causes the predominance of Th2 lymphocytes has yet to be clarified. Thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) has been known to facilitate the recruitment, activation and development of Th2 polarized cells, leading investigators to suggest a role for TARC in the development of Th2 responses.Objective To gain a better understanding of the role of TARC in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis we investigated the cellular sources of this chemokine in nasal mucosa. In addition, the effect of cytokines on TARC production has been investigated.Methods The expression of TARC in human nasal mucosa was assessed by immunohistochemistry. To study the effect of cytokines on TARC production, epithelial cells, endothelial cells and fibroblasts, isolated from inferior nasal mucosa samples, were stimulated by a variety of cytokines including IL-4, IL-13, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ.Results Epithelial cells in nasal mucosa in subjects with allergic rhinitis expressed higher signal level than those in non-allergy patients. Combined stimulation with IL-4 and TNF-α, as well as IL-13 and TNF-α, synergistically induced TARC expression in epithelial cells. Furthermore, the amount of TARC induced by these cytokines was higher in epithelial cells obtained from patients with allergic rhinitis than in those from non-allergic patients.Conclusion These results demonstrate a crucial role of nasal epithelial cells in the expression of TARC, and that Th2 cytokine IL-4 and IL-13 may promote Th2 responses by inducing TARC production from epithelial cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2001.01152.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interleukins in Churg-Strauss syndrome [IL-13 and ] (2000)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 55 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.2000.00720.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of squamous cell carcinoma by two high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs), a novel HPV-67 and HPV-31 from bowenoid papulosis (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 143 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We report a patient with bowenoid papulosis (BP) involving two high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) and the development of invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Our patient showed verrucous lesions on the penis, perianal area and groin that had been noted over the previous 8 years and had recurred after all therapeutic approaches. The perianal and left inguinal lesions revealed invasive SCC on histology. HPV-31 and HPV-67 sequences were detected by polymerase chain reaction from BP lesions of the perianal area and the shaft of the penis. HPV-31 has already been reported in BP as a high-risk HPV for the development of SCC, but HPV-67 is a novel one that has never been reported in BP. As HPV-67 has sequence homology to HPV-52 and HPV-58, it belongs to the family of HPV-16, a high-risk HPV group. Thus our patient showed two high-risk HPVs, i.e. HPV-31 and the novel HPV-67, which may be directly involved in the development of SCC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2000.03718.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The bisphosphonate incadronate for bone metastases of breast cancer (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of clinical oncology 5 (2000), S. 241-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-7772
    Keywords: Key words Bisphosphonate ; Breast cancer ; Bone metastasis ; Bone Metabolic markers ; Tumor marker
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background. Bisphosphonates are bone resorption inhibitors which are effective in the treatment of diseases of increased bone turnover, such as hypercalcemia of malignancy and osteolytic bone metastasis. The safety and efficacy of incadronate, a third-generation bisphosphonate, were evaluated in breast cancer patients with bone metastases. Methods. Fifteen breast cancer patients with bone metastasis were enrolled. Incadronate's safety, its effectiveness in relieving bone pain, and its effects on bone metabolic markers and a tumor marker were assessed in 8 patients treated with a 10-mg IV infusion once a week for 5 weeks (10 mg × 5), 3 patients treated with a single 20-mg IV infusion (20 mg × 1), and 4 patients treated with a 20-mg IV infusion once a week for 5 weeks (20 mg × 5). Pain assessment was performed only in the patients with the repeated infusion regimens. Results. All incadronate treatment regimens were administered without any serious adverse reactions. Minimal fever was noted in 6 patients, but it subsided without any treatment. Incadronate relieved bone pain in 10 of the 12 patients who received repeated infusions. Levels of bone resorption markers dropped transiently, but the decreases in the individual markers of bone resorption varied. Levels of bone formation markers did not change significantly. Levels of a tumor marker specific to breast cancer, carbohydrate antigen (CA)15-3 decreased in patients whose metastases were limited to bone. Conclusion. The third-generation bisphosphonate, incadronate, was administered safely at dosages of up to 20 mg once a week for 5 weeks. Incadronate reduced bone pain, bone resorption marker levels, and CA15-3 tumor marker levels in breast cancer patients with bone metastases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00012044
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (ATTR Ser50Ile): the first autopsy case report (2000)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 436 (2000), S. 345-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Amyloidosis ; ATTR Ser50Ile ; Autopsy ; Familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy ; Transthyretin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  We report an autopsy case of a pedigree of familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP) with a mutation of isoleucine-50 transthyretin (ATTR Ser50Ile). A 47-year-old man started developing severe diarrhea and weight loss at age 41 years, followed by urinary incontinence, autonomic-nervous-system abnormalities and serious heart failure; the diagnosis of FAP (ATTR Ser50Ile) was made on the basis of genetic, histochemical and immunohistochemical analysis. Six years after the initial symptoms, he died of septic shock. Autopsy revealed suppurative peritonitis, perforation of the sigmoid colon and marked systemic amyloid deposition. The total amount of amyloid deposited in the heart was greatly increased and was much lower in the thyroid gland and kidneys compared with amyloid deposits in ordinary FAP (ATTR Val30Met). Amyloid deposition in peripheral vessel walls was prominent, particularly in lymphatics and veins. His elder sister, 54 years old, started to develop orthostatic hypotension at age 49 years, followed by dysesthesia, diarrhea and severe congestive heart failure. Endomyocardial biopsy revealed severe TTR–amyloid deposition; ultrastructural examination demonstrated that amyloid fibrils were deposited disproportionately and extended radially around microvessels. These characteristic patterns of systemic amyloid deposition and distinct clinical manifestations, especially in the cardiovascular system, are considered to be a characteristic feature of ATTR Ser50Ile amyloidosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050457
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Universal Correlations of Tc Ion Mass Scaling with Distance (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of superconductivity 13 (2000), S. 181-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9605
    Keywords: critical temperature ; correlations ; ion mass
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We present a short overview of the critical temperature correlations with different parameters for low and high T c superconductors. The overview underlines the importance of crystalline structure in determining the critical temperature value. The structure of copper-based superconductors is studied in comparison with low-temperature superconductors and a new correlation of the transition temperature is found. Namely, the layered structure, more exactly a certain distribution of the mass of the ions along the c-axis is the key factor in determining the “intrinsic” critical temperature, parameter introduced by Kresin et al. [4].
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007707116617
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Short stature and gestational diabetes in Brazil (2000)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 43 (2000), S. 848-851 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Gestational diabetes, pregnancy, stature, obesity, risk factors, undernourishment.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aims/hypothesis. To examine the association between maternal stature and gestational diabetes mellitus.¶Methods. We studied a sample of 5564 consecutive Brazilian women 20 or more years old, who were pregnant for approximately 21–28 weeks, had no history of diabetes outside pregnancy and were attending general prenatal care units in six state capitals in Brazil from 1991 to 1995. We did a 2-h, 75-g oral glucose tolerance test, defining gestational diabetes by World Health Organisation criteria.¶Results. Those in the shortest quartile of height ( ≤ 151 cm) had a 60 % increase in the odds of having gestational diabetes, independently of prenatal clinic, age, global obesity, family history of diabetes, skin colour, referral pattern, waist circumference, parity, previous gestational diabetes, education, ambient temperature and gestational age compared with the tallest quartile [odds ratio (OR) = 1.60, p = 0.005]. This association was observed for those with above median values of skinfold thickness (OR = 1.74, p = 0.006) but not for those with below median values (OR = 1.22, p = 0.51). Associations of short stature with high 2-h glycaemia ( ≥ 7.8 mmol/l) (OR = 1.61, p = 0.005) were essentially the same as those for gestational diabetes. There was, however, no association between short stature and gestational hyperglycaemia when the latter was defined exclusively by fasting values (OR = 0.97, p = 0.90).¶Conclusion/interpretation. In Brazil short stature associates with gestational diabetes, principally in women with greater fat mass. This difference in glycaemic levels is present postprandially but not in the fasting state. [Diabetologia (2000) 43: 848–851]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250051460
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Computed tomography during arterial portography under temporary balloon occlusion of the hepatic artery: evaluation of pseudolesions caused by arterio-portal venous shunts (2000)
    Springer
    Abdominal imaging 25 (2000), S. 583-586 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Key words: Computed tomography during arterial portography (CTAP)—Arterioportal venous shunts—Hepatocellular carcinoma—Pseudolesion—Balloon occlusion—Hepatic artery.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: Computed tomography during arterial portography (CTAP) under temporary balloon occlusion of the hepatic artery (BOHA-CTAP) was introduced to evaluate pseudolesions caused by portal venous impairments such as arterioportal shunt and tumor thrombus. Methods: BOHA-CTAP was performed in seven patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and correlated with clinical outcomes. For patients with wedge-shaped defects suggestive of pseudolesions, BOHA-CTAP was obtained by a 5-F balloon occlusion catheter into the proper hepatic artery through the second 5-F introducer inserted into the common femoral artery a few centimeters below the first 5-F sheath for CTAP. Results: Eight pseudolesions were determined clinically on follow-up CT, ultrasonography, or magnetic resonance imagings. On BOHA-CTAP, five of the eight pseudolesions were eliminated, and two were diminished in comparision with conventional CTAP. One wedge-shaped defect due to tumor thrombus in the portal vein did not show any change. Conclusion: BOHA-CTAP can reduce pseudolesions caused by portal venous impairments and enable the demarcation of the true tumors. RID="" ID="" 〈E5〉Correspondence to:〈/E5〉 J. Koizumi
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0026110000048
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