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1

Digitale Medien

Miniaturization and integration of photoacoustic detection (2002)

Firebaugh, Samara L. ; Jensen, Klavs F. ; Schmidt, Martin A.

[S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)

Journal of Applied Physics 92 (2002), S. 1555-1563

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ISSN: 1089-7550

Quelle: AIP Digital Archive

Thema: Physik

Notizen: Photoacoustic spectroscopy is an absorption spectroscopy technique that is currently used for low-level gas detection and catalyst characterization. It is a promising technique for chemical analysis in mesoscale analysis systems because the detection limit scales favorably with miniaturization. This work focuses on the scaling properties of photoacoustic spectroscopy, and on the miniaturization of gas-phase photoacoustic detection of propane in a nitrogen ambient. The detection system is modeled with a transmission line analogy, which is verified experimentally. The model includes the effects of acoustic leaks and absorption saturation. These two phenomena degrade the performance of the photoacoustic detector and must be controlled to realize the scaling advantages of photoacoustic systems. The miniature brass cells used to verify the model employ hearing aid microphones and optical excitation from a mechanically chopped, 3.39 μm He–Ne laser, transmitted into the cells with an optical fiber. These cells are able to detect 10 ppm of propane in nitrogen (a signal level of ∼1 Pa/W). We also describe the development of a miniaturized photoacoustic system formed by microfabrication. In this case, the pressure-driven deflection of the detection membrane is measured optically. These systems show that photoacoustic detection may be inappropriate for systems with large variations in gas concentration because of absorption saturation and changing gas acoustic properties. Nevertheless, photoacoustic spectroscopy is a promising technique for the analysis of dilute mixtures in miniature chemical systems. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1489493

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2

Digitale Medien

Vibrational structure in the optical response of small Li-cluster ions (2002)

Ellert, Christoph ; Schmidt, Martin ; Haberland, Hellmut

College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)

The Journal of Chemical Physics 117 (2002), S. 3711-3714

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ISSN: 1089-7690

Quelle: AIP Digital Archive

Thema: Physik , Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: The optical response of Li4+ and Li7+ exhibits three large maxima at photon energies between 1.9 and 3.6 eV, on which a fine structures could be resolved that has a peak to peak distance of about 30–40 meV. A high level ab initio calculation of Li4+ shows that this feature is due to vibrational structure of the excited electronic state. It is pointed out that the lifetime of the excited states exhibits a dramatic shortening with increasing particle size. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1493193

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3

Digitale Medien

Globular amyloid β-peptide1−42 oligomer − a homogenous and stable neuropathological protein in Alzheimer's disease (2005)

Barghorn, Stefan ; Nimmrich, Volker ; Striebinger, Andreas ; [weitere]

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd

Journal of neurochemistry 95 (2005), S. 0

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ISSN: 1471-4159

Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Thema: Medizin

Notizen: Amyloid β-peptide (Aβ)1−42 oligomers have recently been discussed as intermediate toxic species in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Here we describe a new and highly stable Aβ1−42 oligomer species which can easily be prepared in vitro and is present in the brains of patients with AD and Aβ1−42-overproducing transgenic mice. Physicochemical characterization reveals a pure, highly water-soluble globular 60-kDa oligomer which we named ‘Aβ1−42 globulomer’. Our data indicate that Aβ1−42 globulomer is a persistent structural entity formed independently of the fibrillar aggregation pathway. It is a potent antigen in mice and rabbits eliciting generation of Aβ1−42 globulomer-specific antibodies that do not cross-react with amyloid precursor protein, Aβ1−40 and Aβ1−42 monomers and Aβ fibrils. Aβ1−42 globulomer binds specifically to dendritic processes of neurons but not glia in hippocampal cell cultures and completely blocks long-term potentiation in rat hippocampal slices. Our data suggest that Aβ1−42 globulomer represents a basic pathogenic structural principle also present to a minor extent in previously described oligomer preparations and that its formation is an early pathological event in AD. Selective neutralization of the Aβ globulomer structure epitope is expected to have a high potential for treatment of AD.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.2005.03407.x

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4

Digitale Medien

Body Dysmorphic Disorder: A Review of the Current Knowledge (2000)

Sobanski, Esther ; Schmidt, Martin H.

Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Child and adolescent mental health 5 (2000), S. 0

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ISSN: 1475-3588

Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Thema: Psychologie

Notizen: Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) is an excessive preoccupation with an imagined, or real, slight defect in normal physical appearance. The disorder, which usually begins during adolescence, tends to be chronic, and probably is much more common than is usually thought. This review presents an overview of the available scientific literature of BDD. It provides information about historical aspects, epidemiology, clinical features, aetiology, and instruments for assessing BDD. The relationship of BDD with other psychiatric disorders such as depression, obsessive-compulsive disorders, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, eating disorders and personality disorders is discussed. Aetiological theories, including psychological and neurobiological explanations, are reviewed. Finally, psychopharmacological and psychotherapeutic treatment approaches are presented with special regard to treatment with serotonin-reuptake inhibitors, behavioural therapy and cognitive-behavioural therapy.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-3588.00280

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5

Digitale Medien

Review of Wages of Wins: A Reply (2006)

Berri, David J. ; Schmidt, Martin B. ; Brook, Stacey L.

Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)

Journal of quantitative analysis in sports 2 (2006), S. 4

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ISSN: 1559-0410

Quelle: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals

Thema: Sportwissenschaft

Notizen: We provide a response to Beech's review of The Wages of Wins: Taking Measure of the Many Myths in Modern Sport in this journal. Specifically we are responding to three misinterpretations and/or misstatements in the book review. At the end of each section we explain the process in which we reach our conclusions and where we differ with the reviewer's ascertations.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://www.bepress.com/jqas/vol2/iss4/4

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6

Digitale Medien

Practitioner Review: Preconditions and Outcome of Inpatient Treatment in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (2000)

Blanz, Bernhard ; Schmidt, Martin H.

Oxford UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

The @journal of child psychology and psychiatry 41 (2000), S. 0

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ISSN: 1469-7610

Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Thema: Medizin , Psychologie

Notizen: Inpatient care is expensive and should ideally be provided for children and adolescents with the most serious psychiatric disorders. However, only little is known about inpatient treatment, e.g. the factors influencing hospital admission, the content of care in the hospital, the appropriate norms for the duration of inpatient stays, the inpatient arrangements that result in the best outcomes, or connection with necessary aftercare services. There are many methodological problems with existing research. However, it can cautiously be concluded that psychiatric hospitalisation of children and adolescents is often beneficial, particularly if special aspects of treatment are fulfilled (e.g. good therapeutic alliance, treatment with a cognitive-based problem-solving skills training package, or planned discharge) and aftercare services are available. The continuum-of-care model is promising because it provides opportunities to achieve better integration between inpatient interventions and aftercare services.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1469-7610.00658

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7

Digitale Medien

Frontal brain activation in anxious school children (2002)

Baving, Lioba ; Laucht, Manfred ; Schmidt, Martin H.

Oxford UK : Blackwell Publishers

The @journal of child psychology and psychiatry 43 (2002), S. 0

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ISSN: 1469-7610

Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Thema: Medizin , Psychologie

Notizen: Background: An atypical EEG pattern of frontal brain activation has been found in infants and adults with emotional disorders. Eighty-two 8-year-old children and 56 11-year-old children were examined with regard to the following questions: 1. Do children who are diagnosed with anxiety disorder exhibit an atypical pattern of frontal brain activation? 2. Can this pattern be demonstrated in children of different ages? and 3. Are there gender differences in these patterns similar to those that have been demonstrated in adults? Baseline EEG activity was subjected to power spectral analysis. Results: In 8- and 11-year-old anxious girls, the well-known pattern of greater right than left frontal activation emerged that has been found previously in internalizing preschoolers. Healthy girls showed no frontal asymmetry at 8 years of age, and a greater left than right frontal brain activation at 11 years. In contrast, healthy boys demonstrated a significantly greater right than left frontal activation, whereas anxious boys displayed no frontal asymmetry at the age of 8, and a greater left than right frontal activation at the age of 11. Conclusions: Children suffering from anxiety disorders exhibited a significantly different pattern of frontal brain activation than healthy children without any lifetime diagnosis of mental disorder. Distinct gender differences in frontal activation were found in anxious as well as in healthy children. This could be demonstrated in two samples of different ages.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1469-7610.00019

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8

Digitale Medien

Individuation: finding oneself in analysis – taking risks and making sacrifices (2005)

Schmidt, Martin

Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd/Inc.

The @journal of analytical psychology 50 (2005), S. 0

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ISSN: 1468-5922

Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Thema: Psychologie

Notizen: Abstract: This paper looks at some of the processes that are at work in finding oneself in analysis. It explores Jung's unique contribution to our thinking about the self and its dynamic of individuation. The author attempts to show how the Self, in its quest for consciousness, requires the surrendering of ego inflation—the narcissistic delusion that the ego is the self. A case is made for seeing analysis as an individuation process which offers the opportunity for experiences of a more authentic sense of oneself. Jung stated that individuation requires the ego to enter into service of the Self. For this to happen, the author argues that both patient and analyst must be prepared to make sacrifices and take risks. Using clinical examples, he illustrates that, although purposive, the Self can be experienced as violent and destructive if the ego is unable to facilitate its expression. This may result in an individuation crisis for both analyst and patient. The paper demonstrates how impasse in analysis can evoke the transcendent function, which also requires sacrifices to be made and risks to be taken for analysis to proceed.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0021-8774.2005.00560.x

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9

Digitale Medien

Chitin synthase III activity, but not the chitin ring, is required for remedial septa formation in budding yeast (2003)

Cabib, Enrico ; Schmidt, Martin

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

FEMS microbiology letters 224 (2003), S. 0

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ISSN: 1574-6968

Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Thema: Biologie

Notizen: Chitin is a minor but essential component of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall. In wild-type, chitin synthase II is required for the formation of primary septa and chitin synthase III (CSIII) is not essential. However, in chs2 mutants CSIII becomes essential for the formation of aberrant septa. We examined which of two CSIII functions, the formation of a chitin ring at bud emergence or of chitin in the remedial septa, was required for viability. By using cell cycle synchronization in combination with nikkomycin Z, a specific inhibitor of CSIII, we inhibited chitin synthesis in a chs2 mutant, during formation of either the ring or the remedial septa. The results show that only synthesis of the chitin during aberrant septa formation is essential for viability. Thus, the unique function of the chitin ring seems to be maintenance of the integrity of the mother–bud neck, as we recently found, and the importance of chitin in septum closure, both in normal and abnormal situations, is underlined.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1097(03)00477-4

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10

Digitale Medien

A test of crystal structure prediction of small organic molecules (2000)

Lommerse, Jos P. M. ; Motherwell, W. D. Sam ; Ammon, Herman L. ; [weitere]

Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)

Acta crystallographica 56 (2000), S. 697-714

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ISSN: 1600-5740

Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001

Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik

Notizen: A collaborative workshop was held in May 1999 at the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre to test how well currently available methods of crystal structure prediction perform when given only the atomic connectivity for an organic compound. A blind test was conducted on a selection of four compounds and a wide range of methodologies representing the principal computer programs currently available were used. There were 11 participants who were allowed to propose at most three structures for each compound. No program gave consistently reliable results. However, seven proposed structures were close to an experimental one and were classified as `correct'. One compound occurred in two polymorphs, but only one form was predicted correctly among the calculated structures. The basic problem with lattice energy based methods of crystal structure prediction is that many structures are found within a few kJ mol−1 of the global minimum. The fine detail of the force-field methodology and parametrization influences the energy ranking within each method. Nevertheless, present methods may be useful in providing a set of structures as possible polymorphs for a given molecular structure.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108768100004584

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