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  • 2005-2009  (20)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 604-605 (Oct. 2008), p. 259-266 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The effect of plastic deformation of Aluminium alloys at elevated temperatures is described and its effects on texture evolution in Aluminium and its alloys. The softening mechanisms involved are recovery, recrystallization and grain boundary sliding which reduce strain hardening and affect plastic deformation also in industrial fabrication and forming processes of Aluminium alloys, like (hot) forming, rolling, extrusion and superplastic forming. These effects that control high temperature formability and the resulting textures and final properties are described
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 519-521 (July 2006), p. 15-24 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A new approach to improve existing and develop new simulation models and apply them in asequence to simulate the complete production processes of Aluminium semi-finished products isdescribed. The development has been a joint effort of academic and industrial partners developed inthe frame of the VIR* European projects. It integrated advanced material models with industrialfabrication process models to predict the microstructures and properties in the complete productionchain processes of Al sheet and profiles, i.e. by DC ingot casting, rolling and extrusion and analyzecomplex interactions of critical process parameters with the corresponding metallurgical mechanismsand predict the related material response and properties. The principles are discussed and examples aregiven for their successful application to simulate industrial fabrication processes
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 519-521 (July 2006), p. 1209-1214 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The web-based e-learning tool “AluMATTER” is presented which can be accessed under theaddress “http://aluminium.matter.org.uk” and offers a new interactive course for students, engineersor technicians to learn all about Aluminium science and technologies. The e-learning programfulfils all distant learning requirements and intends to supplement regular teaching courses. Itallows users to access the material in a context relevant to their own requirements and background
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The Paecilomyces lilacinus is the most widely tested fungus for the control of root-knot and cyst nematodes. The fungus has also been implicated in a number of human and animal infections, difficulties in diagnosis often result in misdiagnosis or delays in identification leading to a delay in treatment. Here, we report the development of species-specific primers for the identification of P. lilacinus based on sequence information from the ITS gene, and their use in identifying P. lilacinus isolates, including clinical isolates of the fungus. The primer set generated a single PCR fragment of 130 bp in length that was specific to P. lilacinus and was also used to detect the presence of P. lilacinus from soil, roots and nematode eggs. Real-time PCR primers and a TaqMan® probe were also developed and provided quantitative data on the population size of the fungus in two field sites. PCR, bait and culture methods were combined to investigate the presence and abundance of the fungus from two field sites in the United Kingdom where potato cyst nematode populations were naturally declining, and results demonstrated the importance of using a combination of methods to investigate population size and activity of fungi.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The immature cerebral cortex self-organizes into local neuronal clusters long before it is activated by patterned sensory inputs. In the cortical anlage of newborn mammals, neurons coassemble through electrical or chemical synapses either spontaneously or by activation of transmitter-gated ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Reduced activity of the mitochondrial respiratory chain – particularly complex I – may be implicated in the etiology of both Parkinson's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy, although these neurodegenerative diseases differ substantially as to their distinctive pattern of neuronal cell loss and the predominance of cerebral α-synuclein or tau protein pathology. To determine experimentally whether chronic generalized complex I inhibition has an effect on the distribution of α-synuclein or tau, we infused rats systemically with the plant-derived isoflavonoid rotenone. Rotenone-treated rats with a pronounced metabolic impairment had reduced locomotor activity, dystonic limb posture and postural instability. They lost neurons in the substantia nigra and in the striatum. Spherical deposits of α-synuclein were observed in a few cells, but cells with abnormal cytoplasmic accumulations of tau immunoreactivity were significantly more numerous in the striatum of severely lesioned rats. Abnormally high levels of tau immunoreactivity were found in the cytoplasm of neurons, oligodendrocytes and astrocytes. Ultrastructurally, tau-immunoreactive material consisted of straight 15-nm filaments decorated by antibodies against phosphorylated tau. Many tau+ cell bodies also stained positive for thioflavin S, nitrotyrosine and ubiquitin. Some cells with abnormal tau immunoreactivity contained activated caspase 3. Our data suggest that chronic respiratory chain dysfunction might trigger a form of neurodegeneration in which accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau protein predominates over deposits of α-synuclein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: There is evidence that an inflammatory microglial reaction participates in the pathophysiology of dopaminergic neuronal death in Parkinson's disease and in animal models of the disease. However, this phenomenon remains incompletely characterized. Using an in vitro model of neuronal/glial mesencephalic cultures, we show that the dopaminergic neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) stimulates the proliferation of microglial cells at concentrations that selectively reduce the survival of DA neurones. The mitogenic action of MPP+ was not the mere consequence of neuronal cell demise as the toxin produced the same effect in a model system of neuronal/glial cortical cultures, where target DA neurones are absent. Consistent with this observation, the proliferative effect of MPP+ was also detectable in neurone-free microglial/astroglial cultures. It disappeared, however, when MPP+ was added to pure microglial cell cultures suggesting that astrocytes played a key role in the mitogenic mechanism. Accordingly, the proliferation of microglial cells in response to MPP+ treatment was mimicked by granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), a proinflammatory cytokine produced by astrocytes and was blocked by a neutralizing antibody to GM-CSF. Thus, we conclude that the microglial reaction observed following MPP+ exposure depends on astrocytic factors, e.g. GM-CSF, a finding that may have therapeutic implications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The aetiology of schizophrenia is complex and the pathological mechanisms involved are still not fully understood. The aim of this project was to gain insight into the underlying molecular changes occurring in schizophrenia through the analysis of gene expression. Using suppression subtractive hybridization to isolate differentially expressed genes in superior temporal cortex (BA22), we detected one prominent sequence with reduced expression in schizophrenia and represented in at least nine clones. This was then selected for further validation. This 190-bp partial transcript showed identity to part of the Dickkopf-3 (Dkk3) gene sequence. Differential expression was initially confirmed in BA22 by slot blot hybridization where expression was decreased by 35% (p 〈 0.026). These results were further authenticated in a larger panel (12 control and 11 schizophrenia cases) using SYBR Green I real-time quantitative RT–PCR, in which a 41% decrease in expression of Dkk3 mRNA in schizophrenia was obtained (p 〈 0.012). Furthermore, using in situ hybridization, Dkk3 mRNA was shown to be abundantly expressed in cortical neurones, with prominent expression in layers II/III and V/VI of BA22. Dkk3 belongs to a novel family of Dkk proteins, which have been shown to be potent inhibitors of the neurodevelopmental wingless (Wnt) signalling pathway, and is therefore a putative candidate for further investigation into the aetiology of schizophrenia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 35 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Atopic Dermatitis (AD), hayfever and asthma are commonly summarized as atopic diseases. The spatial distribution of AD differs from that of asthma and hayfever, suggesting that AD might follow a different risk pattern than these diseases. AD can be differentiated into an allergic extrinsic form (EAD) and a non-allergic intrinsic form (IAD). Only EAD might follow the distribution and risk pattern that have been ascribed to asthma and hayfever.Objective To investigate the distribution and risk factor profile of AD and EAD focusing on environmental factors relating to the hygiene hypothesis.Methods Population-based cross-sectional study on 12 601 children aged 5–7 and 9–11 years from Dresden (Eastern Germany) and Munich (Western Germany). Information was obtained by International Study of Asthma and Allergic Childhood questionnaires, dermatological examinations and skin prick testing. AD-diagnosis ever, current AD-symptoms and visible eczema were investigated with their respective extrinsic forms.Results Maternal and paternal history of AD were equally strong determinants of the child's AD status. Factors related to the hygiene hypothesis like day-care attendance and number of older siblings were not associated with a decreased risk of AD. The proportion of EAD within AD was higher in Eastern than in Western Germany. The determinants of the diseases appeared to be similar for both EAD and IAD.Conclusions There was no evidence of the hygiene hypothesis holding true for AD or EAD. AD might be a separate entity than respiratory atopic diseases. Little is known about the risk factors of AD and factors different from those of respiratory allergic diseases should be considered in future research.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) is associated with extensive prion infection of lymphoreticular tissues during the prolonged asymptomatic incubation period. Instruments exposed to infected tissues of preclinically infected individuals during medical or surgical procedures represent a potential risk of iatrogenic transmission of vCJD prions. We assessed the frequency of contamination with lymphoid tissue of single-use laryngoscope blades used for tracheal intubation for general anaesthesia. Using a cyto-centrifugation technique, lymphocytes were detected from 30% of laryngoscope blades studied. As prions resist routine sterilisation procedures, the use of non-disposable laryngoscope blades poses a risk of transmitting vCJD from patient to patient. The use of such instruments should be abandoned and disposable alternatives used.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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