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  • 2005-2009  (16)
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Applied mechanics and materials Vol. 10-12 (Dec. 2007), p. 657-661 
    ISSN: 1662-7482
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: According to the analysis of engagement between indexing roller and cam contour asgear indexing cam mechanism operating and milling process as contour being machined, threekinds of surfaces, cam’s contour, the surface swept by roller’s axis during engagement and thesurface swept by cutter’s axis in milling process, are equidistant surfaces. Based on isometrictheory, the approaches to determine tool path and to calculate NC program coordinates forinequi-diameter milling have been developed. The architecture of computer aided programmingsoftware for inequi-diameter milling was illustrated. Practical example of inequi-diameter millingNC codes was presented. In inequi-milling process, NC program can be updated to adapt the changeof cutter diameter in time. So, cutter’s life can be prolonged, the cost of cutter can be cut down
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Applied mechanics and materials Vol. 5-6 (Oct. 2006), p. 85-92 
    ISSN: 1662-7482
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Finite element model updating of a Westland Lynx XZ649 helicopter tail is presented.Eigenvalue sensitivities with respect to Young’s modulus and mass density are used. Large groupsbased on material input data were divided to form smaller subgroups so that those parts of themodel responsible for errors in the predicted eigenvalues were located. A particular newdevelopment was the use of parameter clustering based on the similarity of different columns of thesensitivity matrix. Finally the finite element model was updated successfully with regard to thelower frequency tail-bending modes
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Applied mechanics and materials Vol. 10-12 (Dec. 2007), p. 155-159 
    ISSN: 1662-7482
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Complex products are integrated by many subsystems through complex couplings. It isfussy to do design optimization on complex product in traditional mode. In this paper, a new designoptimization process is illustrated based MDO technology. First, the traditional design optimizationprocess of complex product is analyzed. And then, the MDO techniques are introduced. Using theMDO techniques, we conclude a new design optimization process which can improve the efficiencyand the steps of this process is illustrated
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 546-549 (May 2007), p. 623-628 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: We have systemically studied the effect of the erbium on the microstructure and themechanical properties in the 5xxx series aluminum alloys by using optical microscope, transmissionelectron microscope (TEM) and by tensile testing. The results demonstrate that the tensile strengthincreased quickly at the beginning of small contents of 0.1%Er both in the hot and cold rolled states,then slowly increased with increasing the contents of Er until 0.4%, at which the best balance of thestrength and ductility (438MPa and 9.6%) were obtained. Microstructure observation in the hot rolledstate was indicated that the grain structure in the Er free Al-5Mg alloy revealed fully recrystallizedgrain structure, while in the Al-5Mg containing Er was demonstrated deformation structure,indicating the Er addition delayed the recrystallization behavior by the formation of the precipitationof the Al3Er, which confirmed by means of the X-ray diffraction analysis. Furthermore in the TEMmicrostructure observation the precipitation of Al3Er was distributed both in the grain interior andsubgrain or grain boundaries, which could be pinning the subgrain or grain boundary migration anddislocation movement as well. Consequently the beginning of the recrystallization temperature in theAl-5Mg containing Er was elevated about 50ºC than in Al-5Mg without Er. This could be explainedthat the strength increased without the deterioration of the ductility was attributed to themicrostructure refinement by the Er addition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 67 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: After grass carps Ctenopharyngodon idellus were injected with cortisol, with (CBC) and without (C) a cocoa butter carrier, the effects of both slowly and rapidly acting exogenous cortisol on their non-specific immune functions were investigated. On the one hand, after injection with CBC, the cortisol concentration and lysozyme activity in fish serum were enhanced and were sustained at high levels for a long period (30 days). The killing activity in the serum declined with time, and phagocytosis of head kidney macrophages diminished significantly (P 〈 0·05 or P 〈 0·01). The leukocrit values in the high dose group (31·8 mg cortisol fish−1) increased over time, however, with the maximum average being 5·6% at day 30. The spleen mass index in the high dose group was 0·93 × 10−3 after 30 days, notably lower (P 〈 0·05) than that in the control group. In addition, a decrease in resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila infection in cortisol-treated fish was shown, with the final cumulative mortalities being 54·5 and 66·7% in the low and high dose groups, respectively. On the other hand, there was a decrease in both serum cortisol concentration and lysozyme activity of the experimental fish within 2 weeks after injection with C, where plasma bactericidal activities in the high dose group (31·8 mg cortisol fish−1) were remarkably lower (P 〈 0·01) than those in the control group at each sampling, but were increased slightly over time. The results of which were different from those in the CBC trial. Phagocytic activity of head kidney macrophages and spleen mass index decreased significantly (P 〈 0·05), while there were increases in leukocrit value and cumulative mortality due to A. hydrophila. The results of which were similar to those in the CBC trial. This study indicated that the injection of cortisol depressed the non-specific immune functions of the grass carp and increased its susceptibility to disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Central nervous system myelin is a specialized structure produced by oligodendrocytes that ensheaths axons, allowing rapid and efficient saltatory conduction of action potentials. Many disorders promote damage to and eventual loss of the myelin sheath, which often results in ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1365-2516
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary.  Factor X (FX) deficiency is a rare bleeding disorder inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. In this study, we investigated the molecular basis of FX deficiency in a Chinese pedigree. The proposita showed a markedly prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time and a mild prolongation of prothrombin time. The levels of FX antigen and FX activity were 58.6% and 2.5%, respectively. Molecular analysis revealed that the proposita was compound heterozygous for two novel mutations: IVS1 + 1G 〉 A and G1185A (Arg347His). The aberrant transcripts from the IVS1 + 1G 〉 A mutant allele were not detected by analyzing the splicing pattern of ectopic transcripts in leukocytes of the patient with nested polymerase chain reaction after reverse transcription. We thus hypothesize that the mRNA molecules originating from the IVS1 + 1G 〉 A mutation were rapidly destroyed in vivo. Site-directed mutagenesis of FX cDNA was used to introduce FXG1185A mutation, and wild-type as well as mutant FX proteins were expressed by transient transfection in HEK 293 cells. Normal FX antigen levels both in the conditioned media of cells expressing the mutant and in cell lysates were detected by an enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay. Evaluation of wild-type and mutant coagulant activity demonstrated that the FX molecules carrying the Arg347His mutation have dramatically decreased activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Comparative analysis was carried out for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation in response to powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis[Erysiphe graminis] f.sp. tritici) primary germ tube (PGT) and appressorial germ tube (AGT) contact, and in papilla (cell wall apposition) and hypersensitive responses (HR) in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Using primary leaves of three susceptible wheat lines (Bainong 3217; Beijing 837; Jingshuang 16) and five resistant lines [Mardler (Pm2 + Pm6); Ulka/8 × Cc (Pm2); Mardler/7 × Bainong 3217 (Pm2); Pm16; Pm16/7 × Beijing 837 (Pm16)], early H2O2 accumulation between 10 and 48 h after inoculation was studied. Strong H2O2 accumulation was found in effective papillae and associated cytosolic vesicles in both susceptible and resistant wheat lines, suggesting the important role of H2O2 in effective papillae formed as a general plant defence against powdery mildew. High frequency of effective papilla formation was observed in all five resistant lines. Among resistant lines, hypersensitive cell death was detected earlier in Mardler and Ulka/8 × Cc than in Pm16 and Pm16/7 × Beijing 837. In all cases this was associated with H2O2 accumulation in attacked epidermal cells. Interestingly, penetration resistance but not HR appeared to be mediated by the Pm2 gene in the Mardler/7 × Bainong 3217 line, suggesting that Pm2 may govern an HR-independent defence pathway in this genetic background. As effective papillae and HR did not occur in the same cells, papilla deposition may be independent of the HR response, despite the fact that both defence mechanisms were associated with high H2O2 accumulation. In wheat powdery mildew-incompatible interactions, HR acts as a second line of defence to contain infection when the papilla defence fails.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical and experimental dermatology 30 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2230
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The cause of psoriatic erythroderma (PE) is still unknown. Elevation of serum IgE has been reported in erythroderma, and as serum hyper-IgE is Th2 cell dominated it is of interest to investigate the serum IgE level in PE. In this study, the level of immunoglobulins in the sera of PE patients was analysed by a retrospective case–control study using psoriasis vulgaris (PV) patients as controls. The PE and PV patients were matched in a 1 : 3 pattern: the first three age and sex matched PV inpatients were selected. All of the subjects were nonatopic and without allergic history. The serum IgE level was found to be elevated in 81.3% of the PE group, which is much higher than that (6.3%) of the controls (odds ratio, 65.0; 95% CI, 11.7–361.2; P 〈 0.001; χ2 test). The mean level of serum IgE was much higher in the PE group (272.38 ± 207.63 IU/mL vs. 53.20 ± 86.05 IU/mL, P 〈 0.001, Student's t-test). No differences were found for other immunoglobulins. These results suggest that in PE the Th1/Th2 cell imbalance may be switched from Th1 dominant to Th2 dominant. The exact role of serum IgE in PE should be investigated further.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Organ damage as a consequence of ischaemia and reperfusion (I/R) is a major clinical problem in an acute renal failure and transplantation. Ligands on surfaces of endothelial cells that are exposed due to the ischaemia may be recognized by pattern recognition molecules such as mannan-binding lectin (MBL), inducing complement activation. We examined the contribution of the MBL complement pathway in a bilateral renal I/R model (45 min of ischaemia followed by 24 h of reperfusion), using transgenic mice deficient in MBL-A and MBL-C [MBL double knockout (MBL DKO)] and in wildtype (WT) mice. Kidney damages, which were evaluated by levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine, showed that MBL DKO mice were significantly protected compared with WT mice. MBL DKO mice, reconstituted with recombinant human MBL, showed a dose-dependent severity of kidney injury increasing to a comparable level to WT mice. Acute tubular necrosis was evident in WT mice but not in MBL DKO mice after I/R, confirming renal damages in WT mice. MBL ligands in kidneys were observed to be present after I/R but not in sham-operated mice. C3a (desArg) levels in MBL DKO mice were decreased after I/R compared with that in WT mice, indicating less complement activation that was correlated with less C3 deposition in the kidneys of MBL DKO mice. Our data implicate a role of MBL in I/R-induced kidney injury.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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