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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Simian Virus 40 Large T Antigen Does Not Inhibit Translation of the 14-kDa Myelin Basic Protein mRNA in Reticulocyte Lysates or in Transfected Cells (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 64 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Viral T antigens are transcription factors that have been suspected of inhibiting expression of the myelin basic protein (MBP) mRNA at the translational level in vitro and in vivo. The effect of simian virus 40 (SV40) large T antigen (T-ag) was examined on the translation of the 14-kDa MBP mRNA in reticulocyte lysates and on MBP expression after transfection into cells that express SV40 T-ag. SV40 T-ag did not inhibit translation of 14-kDa MBP cRNAs in cell-free translations even at 30 µM (∼600 µg/ml) T-ag. Permanent transfection of COS-1 cells (which endogenously express SV40 T-ag) with the 14-kDa MBP cDNA resulted in the expression of the 14-kDa MBP as determined by western blot analysis. Permanent transfection of N20.1 cells, an oligodendrocyte line immortalized with a temperature-sensitive SV40 T-ag, with the 14-kDa MBP cDNA construct also resulted in the expression of the 14-kDa MBP under conditions in which the cells expressed functional SV40 T-ag. These results indicate that SV40 T-ag does not prevent expression of the MBP gene at the translational level and that in those immortalized oligodendrocyte lines that express MBP mRNA, but not MBP protein, some factor other than the SV40 large T-ag is responsible for the posttranscriptional regulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1995.64020928.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of clottability of fibrin polymers using magnetic orientation : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 4708-4710 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Fibrin polymers, as a kind of diamagnetic material, are oriented parallel to the direction of magnetic fields. We investigated the polymerization of partially digested fibrinogens in an 8 T magnetic field in order to observe the clotting ability of various sizes of fibrinogen fractions using a magnetic orientation technique. We purified high-molecular weight fraction (F1) and low-molecular weight fraction from human fibrinogen (F2). Fibrin gels were formed in an 8 T magnetic field for 9 h, and transmittancies were measured to evaluate the degree of magnetic orientation. The results show that a lack at the C-terminal half of one Aα chain did not affect the magnetic orientation of fibrin. We also investigated the effect of the digestion of fibrinogen by plasmin on the magnetic orientation of fibrin. The result shows that partially digested fibrin molecules also orient in an 8 T magnetic field. However, the degree of magnetic orientation significantly decreases when fragment X and fragment Y appear. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361647
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Catalytic activity of catalase under strong magnetic fields of up to 8 T : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 4705-4707 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The question of whether or not magnetic fields affect enzymatic activity is of considerable interest in biomagnetics and biochemistry. This study focuses on whether magnetically related enzymatic activities can be affected by magnetic fields. We examined the effect of magnetic fields of up to 8 T on catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). We observed changes in absorbance of reaction mixture of hydrogen peroxide and catalase at 240 nm, during and after magnetic field exposures. When the reaction mixture was not treated with nitrogen-gas bubbling, it was observed that the initial reaction rate of the reaction which was exposed to magnetic fields of up to 8 T was 50%–85% lower than the control data. This magnetic field effect was not observed, however, when the reaction mixture was bubbled with nitrogen gas to remove the dissolved oxygen molecules which were produced in the solution. We also measured concentration of dissolved oxygen which was produced by the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. Dissolved oxygen concentration in the reaction mixture which was exposed to magnetic fields increased 20%–25% compared to the control solution. The results of the present study indicate that magnetic fields affect dynamic movement of oxygen bubbles which are produced in the reaction mixture by the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, but not the catalytic activity of catalase itself. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361646
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Current source imaging for high spatial resolution magnetocardiography in normal and abnormal rat cardiac muscles (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 6205-6207 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The purpose of our study was to identify the current source produced by acute ischemia and infarction. We measured magnetocardiograms (MCG) and electrocardiograms (ECG) of five male rats using a high-resolution dc superconducting quantum interference device gradiometer in a magnetically shielded room after performing coronary artery occlusion. The spatial resolution of the detecting magnetic field of our system is higher than the typical system, thus permitting the measurement of magnetic fields in small animals. Distribution of the magnetic fields B(t) and distribution of |rot B(t)|, which corresponded to the distribution of the current source, were imaged by 12-channel MCGs. As a result, the distribution of current source changes in the affected area of the myocardium during the ST segment, and amplitude of the peak significantly increased after occlusion. Our system can be used to help clarify the mechanism of the ST shift related to severe heart disease. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.372655
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bioluminescence under static magnetic fields : The 7th joint MMM-intermag conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 83 (1998), S. 6456-6458 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In the present study, the effect of magnetic fields on the emission of light by a living system was studied. The fireflies Hotaria parvula and Luciola cruciata were used as the bioluminescence systems. The firefly light organ was fixed at the edge of an optical fiber. The emitted light was introduced into a single-channel photon-counting system using an optical fiber. We measured both the spectrum of a constant light emission and, the time course of bioluminescence pulses. Two horizontal-type superconducting magnets, which produced 8 and 14 T magnetic fields at their center, were used as the magnetic-field generators. We also carried out an in vitro study of bioluminescence. The enzymatic activity of luciferase was measured under a 14 T magnetic field. We measured emission spectra of bioluminescence over the interval 500–600 nm at 25 °C in a stable emission state. It was observed that the peak wavelength around 550 nm shifted to 560 nm under a 14 T magnetic field. However, the effects of magnetic fields were not significant. Also, we measured the time course of emissions at 550 nm in a transient emission state. The rate in the light intensity under a 14 T magnetic field increased compared to the control. There is a possibility that the change in the emission intensities under a magnetic field is related to a change in the biochemical systems of the firefly, such as the enzymatic process of luciferase and the excited singlet state with subsequent light emission. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.367736
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurements of biomagnetic fields using a high-resolution dc superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer : The 7th joint MMM-intermag conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 83 (1998), S. 6465-6467 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have developed a multichannel high-resolution superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer for measuring biomagnetic fields produced by small animals. We measured the magnetocardiogram produced by a rat. Topographies of the P wave, QRS wave, and T wave of the rat magnetocardiogram were obtained. We also measured the magnetoretinogram, visually evoked magnetic fields, and auditory evoked magnetic fields of the rat. The signals of the magnetoretinogram appeared at 60 ms latency and the field intensities were about 0.6 pT. It was not possible to obtain the clear visually evoked fields because those signals were hidden behind the magnetoretinogram. It was possible to obtain auditory evoked magnetic fields of the rat. The significant differences of the wave forms were observed in both sides of the right ear, which are separated by 15 mm. Our system has adequate spatial resolution for measurement of the magnetocardiogram and auditory evoked magnetic fields produced by small animals. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.367739
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impedance magnetic resonance imaging: A method for imaging of impedance distributions based on magnetic resonance imaging : The 7th joint MMM-intermag conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 83 (1998), S. 6450-6452 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques have become important tools in medicine and biology. Conventional MRI, however, produces no information about the electrical properties of the body. This article proposes a new and noninvasive method for imaging electrical properties such as conductivity and impedance based on MRI techniques. The basic idea is to use the shielding effects of induced eddy currents in the body on spin precession. Two types of methods are introduced; (i) a large flip angle method, and (ii) a third coil method. The large flip angle method enhances the shielding effects of conducting tissues at the given Larmor frequency. The third coil method detects the shielding effects of conducting tissues at an arbitrary frequency. Both phantom and animal experiments have been carried out to verify this concept using a MRI system of 7.05 T with a bore size of 183 mm in diameter. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.367599
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure of water molecules under 14 T magnetic field : The 7th joint MMM-intermag conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 83 (1998), S. 6459-6461 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In this study, we investigated the effects of strong magnetic fields of up to 14 T on the near-infrared spectrum of water molecules. We used a near-infrared spectrophotometer, which has an external optical cell box in a 14 T superconducting magnet. We measured the near-infrared spectrum of water in the range of 900–2000 nm by changing the optical path lengths from 0.1 to 100 mm. The peak wavelengths in the near-infrared spectrum in the range of 900–2000 nm of water, increased in length by 1–3 nm under a 14 T magnetic field. Also, we measured a near-infrared spectrum of glucose solutions under a magnetic field at 14 T to investigate the hydration of sugar. In contrast to the case of water, the peak wavelength of glucose solutions showed blueshift under a 14 T magnetic field. When the magnetic fields were changed from 0 to 14 T, the differential optical absorbance of the glucose solution at 958 nm increased compared to the controls. There is a possibility that the 14 T magnetic field affects the formation of hydrogen bonds of water molecules and the hydration of glucose molecules. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.367737
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymerization and dissolution of fibrin under homogeneous magnetic fields : The 7th joint MMM-intermag conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 83 (1998), S. 6453-6455 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We investigated whether or not a mutually compensating state of coagulation and fibrinolysis is changed by homogeneous magnetic fields. We used a superconducting magnet which produced magnetic fields of up to 14 T at its center. Fibrin polymerization over time, and the subsequent dissolution of the fibrin fiber network, were observed by measuring the optical absorbance of the mixture at 350 nm. A spectrophotometer with an external optical cell box in a superconducting magnet was used. We observed that the optical absorbance of the mixture at 350 nm increased during the fibrin-polymerization process, and decreased during the fibrinolytic processes. The optical absorbance was stable in the transient state between fibrin-polymerization and fibrinolytic processes. A magnetic field of 14 T increased the rate of the polymerization process by 55%–70% compared to the control group. On the other hand, the rate of the fibrinolytic process under a magnetic field at 14 T, increased by 27%–140% compared to the control. The results indicate that the magnetic orientation of fibrin fibers accelerated both the polymerization and the dissolution of fibrin fibers. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.367735
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pulse Electric Current Sintering of Al2O3/3 vol% ZrO2 with Constrained Grains and High Strength (2002)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 85 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The pulse electric current sintering technique (PECS) was demonstrated to be effective in rapid densification of fine-grained Al2O3/3Y-ZrO2 using available commercial powders. The composites attained full densification (〉99% of TD) at 1450°C in less than 5 min. The composites sintered at a high heating rate had a fine microstructure. The incorporation of 3 vol% 3Y-ZrO2 substantially increased the average fracture strength and the toughness of alumina to as high as 827 MPa and 6.1 MPa·m1/2, respectively. A variation in the heating rate during the PECS process influenced grain size, microstructure, and strength, though there was little or no variation in the fracture toughness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2002.tb00548.x
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