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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Reduction of the source size of gas-puff z-pinch plasmas using an inductive pulsed power system (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 4438-4444 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: A small scale inductive pulsed power (IPP) generator with copper wire fuses as an opening switch has been applied to an argon gas-puff z-pinch plasma which can be used as a point source for x-ray lithography. The IPP generator with fuses supplies a driving current of 60 kA in 400 ns to the z-pinch plasma. Without fuses, the generator serves as a conventional fast bank (FB) system which supplies z-pinch current of 60 kA in 4.5 μs. Characteristics of the z-pinch implosions in IPP and FB systems are investigated and compared. The result obtained shows that the intensity of soft x rays emitted from hot spots in both systems is decreased gradually with longer delay time, which is the time difference between energizing a gas-puff actuator and a primary current trigger. Dual axis pinhole imagery shows that the hot spot size is 0.8 mm in diameter in both systems. However, the average radial displacement of hot spots is 0.9 mm in the FB system and it is reduced to 0.4 mm in the IPP system. Optical framing camera images have confirmed that the radial distribution of hot spots is due to kink instability. The framing images also show that the imploding plasma in the FB system which has a pinch size of 2.2 mm in diameter can be further compressed to 1.3 mm. The IPP system can suppress the kink instability of pinch plasma and increases plasma column uniformity along the z axis. This suggests that the IPP system can improve the stability of the pinched plasma so as to minimize the end-on source size for x-ray lithography applications. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1322576
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Circadian Rhythm of Melatonin Release From the Photoreceptive Pineal Organ of a Teleost, Ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis) in Flow-Thorough Culture (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neuroendocrinology 16 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2826
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: In the present study, we tested whether the pineal organ of ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis), an osmerid teleost close relative of salmonids, harbours a circadian oscillator regulating rhythmic melatonin release using flow-through culture. The pineal organ maintained under light/dark cycles released melatonin in a rhythmic fashion with high levels during the dark phase. A circadian rhythm of melatonin release persisted in constant darkness for at least four cycles. Characteristics of the circadian rhythm (free-running period, phase and amplitude) exhibited small variations among cultures when the data was normalized, indicating that this system is sufficient for the analysis of the circadian rhythm both at qualitative and quantitative levels. Six-hour extension of the light phase from the normal onset time of the dark phase or exposure to constant light for 36 or 48 h before transfer to constant darkness significantly inhibited melatonin release. Phase shifts in the circadian rhythm of melatonin release were also observed. Thus, the ayu pineal organ contains all the three essential components of the circadian system (a circadian clock, the photoreceptor responsible for photic entrainment of the clock, and melatonin generating system as an output pathway). This system should provide a useful model for analysing the physiological and molecular basis of the vertebrate circadian system. In addition, further comparative studies using salmonids and related species including ayu will provide some insight into the evolution of the roles of the pineal organ in the vertebrate circadian system.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2826.2004.01132.x
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    In Vitro TNP-Specific Antibody Formation by Peripheral Lymphocytes from Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (1977)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 6 (1977), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Immunological reactivity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was assessed by investigating in vitro trinitrophenyl (TNP)-specific antibody formation by peripheral lymphocytes. Peripheral lymphocytes from 16 patients with SLE were cultured with TNP conjugated with horse erythrocytes (TNP–HRBC) in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol. The hemolytic plaque assay was used to detect hapten (TNP)-specific antibody-forming cells. Peripheral lymphocytes from normal individuals failed to produce antibody to TNP, whereas SLE lymphocytes produced a significant number of plaque-forming cells. Co-culture experiments with SLE and normal lymphocytes suggested that patients with SLE have a defect in T lymphocytes, leading to abnormal antibody production.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1977.tb02135.x
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Urinary sediment podocalyxin in children with IgA nephropathy and Henoch Schoenlein purpura nephritis (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Nephrology 7 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1797
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1797.2002.tb00545.x
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Urinary sediment podocalyxin in children with IgA nephropathy and Henoch Schoenlein purpura nephritis (2002)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    Nephrology 7 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1797
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1797.7.s.35.x
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Significance of urinary binucleated podocytes in IgA nephropathy (2001)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    Nephrology 6 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1797
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Background: We have reported clinico-pathological significance of podocytes excreted in urine in previous papers. During these studies we found the presence of binucleated podocytes in urine. The aim of the present study was to look for the significance of urinary binucleated podocytes in IgA nephropathy.Patients and methods: 123 patients aged 2–25-year-old with various renal diseases were studied: UTI, five cases; nephrotic syndrome, 30 cases; MGN, three cases; MPGN, six cases; Alport syndrome, five cases; lupus nephritis, seven cases; HSPN, 12 cases; IgA GN, 50 cases. A total of 1225 urine samples from these diseases were examined. As a control, 203 urine samples from 100 normal healthy children were examined.Usual IF using monoclonal antibody to podocalyxin was used to detect urinary podocytes and binucleated podocytes.The presence of urinary binucleated podocytes were confirmed by immunoelectron microscopic examination and confocal immunofluorescent examination.Pathological changes were scored into six items: acute intracapillary, chronic intracapillary, acute extracapillary, chronic extracapillary, acute tubulo-interstitial and chronic tubulo-interstitial lesions.Results:〈list style="custom"〉1Urinary binucleated podocytes were found in various renal disases.2In IgA GN, patients with u-binucleated podocytes had significantly higher level of proteinuria.2The number of u-binucleated podocytes paralleled that of u-mononucleated podocytes.4. Patients with u-binucleated podocytes had significantly more acute lesions histologically.Conclusion: Urinary binucleated podocytes were found in IgA GN with acute glomerular lesions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1797.2001.00011.x
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Diffuse mesangial cell proliferation in focal sclerosing glomerulonephritis (1976)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 370 (1976), S. 297-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Focal glomerulosclerosis ; Focal sclerosing glomerulonephritis ; Mesangial cell proliferation ; Nephrotic syndrome
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Morphometrical and clinical investigations were performed in 34 patients with the so-called hypercellular form of focal glomerulosclerosis (FGS), i.e., a form showing clear diffuse mesangial hypercellularity beside focal sclerosis with the light microscope. This form was compared with focal glomerulosclerosis without remarkable mesangial hypercellularity, with mild mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis (gn), as well as with normal kidneys. The results were as follows: 1. Morphometrically both the increase in relative mesangial volume as well as in mesangial cell count is statistically significant in the hypercellular form compared with the nonhypercellular form and with controls. Comparison with mild mesangioproliferative gn shows no difference. 2. Even the so-called nonhypercellular form contains more mesangial matrix and mesangial cells than the controls. 3. The frequency of the hypercellular form is higher in males and in older patients. 4. All of our patients with hypercellular FGS had at the time of biopsy manifested nephrotic syndrome. The frequency of additional clinical symptoms (hematuria, hypertension, renal insufficiency) corresponds with the nonhypercellular form, but is different in mild mesangioproliferative gn. 5. Therapeutic response and prognosis is worse in the hypercellular form. The hypercellular form of FGS has to be separated from the nonhypercellular form as a defined entity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00445775
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Analysis of the significance of the measurement of acceleration with respect to lateral laxity of the anterior cruciate ligament insufficient knee (2000)
    Springer
    International orthopaedics 24 (2000), S. 276-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5195
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé   A partir d’une évaluation dynamique de l’instabilité de genoux atteints d’insuffisance du ligament croisé antérieur (LCA), nous avons tenté de déterminer la relation entre l’apparition de l’arthrose du genou et l’insuffisance du LCA. Notre étude a porté sur 40 patients (80 genoux) devant subir une opération de reconstruction du LCA et 25 patients (25 genoux) après l’opération de reconstruction du LCA. Des détecteurs d’accélération ont été placé sur la tubérosité tibiale antérieure. Les pics d’accélération latérale suivant immédiatement le contact au sol du talon étaient significativement plus élevés chez les patients avec un genou atteint d’insuffisance du LCA que chez les patients normaux. Il est également apparu que les pics d’accélération latérale étaient significativement plus élevés dans les cas ou le délai après l’altération du LCA étaient de 3 ans ou plus que dans les cas ou cette période était inférieure à 3 ans. L’opération de reconstruction a permis une diminution significative des pics d’accélération au point que ceux-ci ne présentaient aucune différence significative avec ceux enregistrés avec les genoux normaux.
    Notizen: Abstract  The purpose of this study was to assess dynamically the lateral thrust of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) insufficient knees, and from the findings determine any relationship between ACL insufficiency and the later development of osteoarthritis (OA). We investigated 80 knees in 40 patients awaiting ACL reconstruction and 25 knees of 25 patients, which had undergone ACL reconstruction. An acceleration sensor was fixed to the anterior tibial tubercle and this ’acted’ in two directions – medial lateral and perpendicular. The peak value of the lateral acceleration immediately after heel strike was significantly greater in the ACL insufficient knees when compared to their opposite normal knees. When the periods from injury were compared, the lateral thrust of the injured side after 3 years or more was significantly greater than in the first 3 years. There was no significant difference between the normal knees and the ACL reconstructed knees. The results indicated that the lateral acceleration peak value was significantly greater in the ACL insufficient knees than in their opposite normal knees.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002640000171
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The glomerular mesangium in hypertension (1975)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 368 (1975), S. 275-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Schlagwort(e): Hypertension ; Mesangioproliferative nephritis ; Mesangial matrix ; Mesangial cell ; Morphometry
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Glomerular changes were morphometrically studied in renal biopsies of 27 cases of nephrosclerosis showing clinically benign or malignant hypertension and of 15 cases of mild mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis with hypertension. In nephrosclerosis, there was a mild increase in mesangial matrix without cell proliferation. The degree of the mesangial changes varied little despite a large variation in blood pressure and showed no significant difference between benign and malignant hypertension. In mild mesangioproliferative nephritis with hypertension, mesangial matrix, as well as the number of mesangial cells, showed an increase of varying degree. A quantitative assessment of the mesangium was proved effective in differentiating the glomerular changes in nephrosclerosis from those in mesangioproliferative nephritis with hypertension.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00432305
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Composition of Minima in Binary Systems of the Solid Solution Type (1938)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 141 (1938), S. 873-874 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] IN about twelve of the completely isomorphous binary systems which so far have been investigated, the freezing-point curve passes through a minimum. The compositions of these minima are expressed as chemical formulae in the accompanying table. This table makes clear the remarkable fact that a ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/141873b0
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