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  • Digitale Medien  (25)
  • 2000-2004  (25)
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Does a second delivery increase the risk of anal incontinence? (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    BJOG 108 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Objective To evaluate the prevalence of anal incontinence and anal sphincter defects after a first vaginal delivery and assess the effect of a second delivery.Design Prospective cohort study using postal questionnaires assessing incontinence to flatus and stools at three and thirty months postnatally and anal endosonography at three months following delivery.Setting Recruitment was from the antenatal clinic at the University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland.Population One hundred women with a vaginal delivery of their first child.Main outcome measures Prevalence of anal incontinence and anal sphincter defects.Results Anal incontinence was reported by 16/92 (17%) of women at three months after delivery and by 11/77 (14%) at 30 months. At that time, 5/54 (9%) with no further delivery reported incontinence, compared with 6/23 (26%) of those who had had another delivery (RR 2.8, 95% CI 1.0-8.3). Anal sphincter defects were diagnosed by endosonography in 46/87 (53%) women and were associated with reported incontinence at both three months (RR 1.9; 95% CI 1.4-2.6) and 30 months (RR 1.9; 95% CI 1.3-2.8) after delivery. The prevalence of anal incontinence at 30 months was highest (5/13, 39%) among those in whom a sphincter defect was diagnosed by endosonography after their first delivery and with a second delivery.Conclusion Anal incontinence after childbirth is associated with defects of the anal sphincter diagnosed by endosonography. Subsequent deliveries increase the risk of incontinence, particularly among women with a sphincter defect diagnosed after the first delivery.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2001.00185.x
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Dynamic Efficiency, the Riskless Rate, and Debt Ponzi Games under Uncertainty (2001)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Advances in macroeconomics 1.2001, 2, art3 
    Details
    ISSN: 1534-6013
    Quelle: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: In a dynamically efficient economy, can a government roll its debt forever and avoid the need to raise taxes? In a series of examples of economies with zero growth, this paper shows that such Ponzi games may be infeasible even when the average rate of return on bonds is negative, and may be feasible even when the average rate of return on bonds is positive. The paper then reveals the structure which underlies these examples.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/bejm/advances/vol1/iss2/art3
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stage-dependent changes in the modulation of spinal nociceptive neuronal activity during the course of inflammation (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 13 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Spinal and supraspinal controls can tonically or phasically modulate the output of spinal nociceptive neurons. Alterations of these modulatory systems have been described during the acute stage of inflammation. In the present study in the rat, tonic descending controls were assessed during acute (24–48 h) and chronic (3–4 weeks) stages of monoarthritis of the ankle. The electrophysiological properties of spinal convergent neurons with ankle input were compared before and after spinalization. In a parallel series of experiments, spinal convergent neurons were recorded from the normal side in order to assess the propriospinal and supraspinal inhibitory controls triggered by nociceptive stimulation of the inflamed ankle. Tonic descending inhibition of convergent neurons with input from the inflamed ankle was enhanced during the acute stage and then decreased during the chronic stage of monoarthritis. Contralateral-induced inhibitions exhibited a similar temporal evolution. Time-dependent changes in the spinal transmission of nociceptive signals were shown by removing descending modulation in animals with monoarthritis; sensitization of spinal neurons with input from the inflamed ankle was demonstrated during the acute stage of monoarthritis, whereas a crossed transmission between inflamed and normal sides was observed during the chronic stage of the disease. These results show that dynamic and stage-dependent modifications of descending controls tend to dampen the central changes associated with inflammation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0953-816X.2000.01375.x
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Echocardiography Before, During, and After Interventions (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of interventional cardiology 14 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8183
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Before intervention, a detailed echocardiographic examination is mandatory for the decision whether this procedure will be necessary, possible, and safe. During intervention, transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is needed for the continuous monitoring of the procedure, immediate assessment of results, and complications. TEE results in a significant reduction of fluoroscopy time. After intervention, echocardiography provides information on long-term results and newly developed complications.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8183.2001.tb00342.x
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Defining the regional healthcare planning objective using a multi-criteria approach (2003)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Logistics information management 16 (2003), S. 191-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 0957-6053
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Regional health care planning deals with the regional healthcare resource location-allocation problem posed to each public healthcare administration. Up to date, the models designed to support this kind of decision failed in their application. We found that the main reason is that often these models restrict the problem to a unique aspect (such as "covering of the territory" or "technique efficiency"), leaving outside a set of very important other dimensions, even if these are usually subjective and difficult to formalise. In this paper we present a method to identify formally these dimensions, by assigning measurable attributes to each of them. At a different level, we propose a hierarchical formulation of the overall objective of the regional healthcare resource planning for the facility systems; in this hierarchy, each leaf term corresponds to a formal evaluation criterion.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576050310483781
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Monophasic sarcomatoid carcinoma of the scalp: a case mimicking inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor and a review of cutaneous spindle cell tumors with myofibroblastic differentiation (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Journal of cutaneous pathology 30 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0560
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Background:  The evaluation of malignant cutaneous spindle cell tumors is challenged by a diagnostic differential that comprises neoplasms of diverse histogenesis, and a broad immunohistochemical panel may confound the diagnosis when the results suggest multiple lines of differentiation, such as with a combined myofibroblastic and epithelial phenotype.Methods:  We report the case of a solitary scalp nodule that quickly became locally metastatic. A comprehensive panel of immunohistochemistry markers and electron microscopy was evaluated to determine the differentiation of the spindle cells.Results:  The tumor, consisting of wavy and slender spindle cells with predominantly bland nuclei, showed immunoreactivity to vimentin, smooth muscle actin, and muscle-specific actin. AE1/AE3, CK5/6, and MNF-116 antibodies were weakly positive in rare cells. However, 34βE12 showed diffuse positivity in the spindle cell population, thus supporting the diagnosis of a sarcomatoid carcinoma with myofibroblastic differentiation.Conclusions:  The use of 34βE12 is essential for the evaluation of myofibroblastic spindle cell tumors with rare cytokeratin reactivity. However, even with immunohistochemical and electron microscopic studies, the diagnosis of spindle cell tumors can be confounded by the multiplicity of nosologic equivalents, such as carcinosarcoma, spindle cell carcinoma, and metaplastic carcinoma. The nomenclature of these spindle cell tumors is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0560.2003.00079.x
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sulfur Nutrition of Maize in Four Regions of Malawi (2000)
    Springer
    Semigroup forum 92 (2000), S. 649-656 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2137
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Mathematik
    Notizen: Zea mays L.) production. We aimed to characterize maize S nutritional status in farmers' fields in four regions of Malawi and determine maize response to S. Four 42 to 68 km2 study areas were delineated, two with low-elevation lacustrine soils, and two with highly weathered residual upland soils. Maize plants in 238 farmer fields were sampled for nutrient analysis at 8- to 12-leaf vegetative and tasseling growth stages. Replicated experiments were conducted in two years on a total of 20 farms to determine maize yield responses to S with and without N and/or P. Sampling areas differed significantly in maize S concentrations, S Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) indices, and N:S ratios. For earleaves, means were 1.46 g/kg S; S DRIS index, 12.2; and N:S ratio, 11.5. The ratio of N:S in the earleaf was the best predictor of maize yield response to S (R2 = 0.58). Maize yields showed a N × S interaction such that there were no responses to S unless N was also supplied. With 80 kg/ha N, a significant response to S was shown by maize in all but one of 20 experiments. A response curve for S showed that 5 to 10 kg/ha of S was optimal, with mean yield responses ranging from 90 to 142 kg grain/kg S.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [Hg(pyridine)2][Cr2O7], a compound used for a quick assay method to quantify soluble HgII ions (2001)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 57 (2001), S. m322-m324 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5368
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: The title compound, bis(pyridine-N)mercury(II) dichromate(VI), [Hg(C5H5N)2][Cr2O7], is the first structurally determined representative of metal dichromates with additional pyridine ligands of general formula [M(py)n]mCr2O7 (py = pyridine) and can be used for a quick assay method to quantify HgII ions in solution. Two distinct Hg atoms, both located on special positions with symmetry 2 and \overline 1, respectively, are coordinated octahedrally by two axial N atoms of pyridine rings at short distances \overline {\it d}(Hg—N) = 2.101 Å and four equatorial O atoms of dichromate groups at longer distances \overline {\it d}(Hg—O) = 2.620 Å. The dichromate group has a skew conformation with a bridging angle of 138.62 (17)°.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S1600536801010455
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cadmium(II) metaarsenate(V), CdAs2O6 (2001)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 57 (2001), S. i22-i23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5368
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: CdAs2O6 is isotypic with other metaarsenates MAs2O6 (M = Ca, Mn, Ni, Co, Hg, Pb) and adopts the PbSb2O6 structure type. The Cd and As atoms are situated on positions with site symmetry (\overline 3m) and (32), respectively. They are coordinated octahedrally by O atoms with distances d(Cd—O) = 2.302 (2) Å and d(As—O) = 1.826 (1) Å.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S1600536801003865
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Matlockite-type PbFI (2001)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 57 (2001), S. i80-i81 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5368
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Notizen: Lead fluoride iodide adopts the matlockite (PbFCl) structure type and is isotypic with other fluoride halides MFX (M = Ca, Sr, Ba, Sm, Eu, Pb; X = Cl, Br, I). The Pb and I atoms are situated on positions with site symmetry 4mm and the F atom on a position with site symmetry \overline 4m2. The Pb atom is surrounded by four F atoms and four I atoms at the vertices of a square antiprism with distances of d(Pb—F) = 2.5631 (5) Å and d(Pb—I) = 3.3613 (7) Å.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S1600536801013678
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