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  • 2000-2004  (6)
  • 1995-1999  (6)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Miniaturization and integration of photoacoustic detection (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 92 (2002), S. 1555-1563 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Photoacoustic spectroscopy is an absorption spectroscopy technique that is currently used for low-level gas detection and catalyst characterization. It is a promising technique for chemical analysis in mesoscale analysis systems because the detection limit scales favorably with miniaturization. This work focuses on the scaling properties of photoacoustic spectroscopy, and on the miniaturization of gas-phase photoacoustic detection of propane in a nitrogen ambient. The detection system is modeled with a transmission line analogy, which is verified experimentally. The model includes the effects of acoustic leaks and absorption saturation. These two phenomena degrade the performance of the photoacoustic detector and must be controlled to realize the scaling advantages of photoacoustic systems. The miniature brass cells used to verify the model employ hearing aid microphones and optical excitation from a mechanically chopped, 3.39 μm He–Ne laser, transmitted into the cells with an optical fiber. These cells are able to detect 10 ppm of propane in nitrogen (a signal level of ∼1 Pa/W). We also describe the development of a miniaturized photoacoustic system formed by microfabrication. In this case, the pressure-driven deflection of the detection membrane is measured optically. These systems show that photoacoustic detection may be inappropriate for systems with large variations in gas concentration because of absorption saturation and changing gas acoustic properties. Nevertheless, photoacoustic spectroscopy is a promising technique for the analysis of dilute mixtures in miniature chemical systems. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1489493
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Body Dysmorphic Disorder: A Review of the Current Knowledge (2000)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Child and adolescent mental health 5 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-3588
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) is an excessive preoccupation with an imagined, or real, slight defect in normal physical appearance. The disorder, which usually begins during adolescence, tends to be chronic, and probably is much more common than is usually thought. This review presents an overview of the available scientific literature of BDD. It provides information about historical aspects, epidemiology, clinical features, aetiology, and instruments for assessing BDD. The relationship of BDD with other psychiatric disorders such as depression, obsessive-compulsive disorders, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, eating disorders and personality disorders is discussed. Aetiological theories, including psychological and neurobiological explanations, are reviewed. Finally, psychopharmacological and psychotherapeutic treatment approaches are presented with special regard to treatment with serotonin-reuptake inhibitors, behavioural therapy and cognitive-behavioural therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-3588.00280
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ETA and ETB Specific Ligands Synergistically Antagonize Endothelin-1 Binding to an Atypical Endothelin Receptor in Primary Rat Astrocytes (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 70 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Using a whole-cell binding procedure with long incubations at low temperature and subsequent acid stripping, we have characterized an atypical endothelin (ET) receptor in primary rat cortical astrocyte cultures. We found the following: (a) no competition for 125I-ET-1 binding by the ETA antagonists BQ-123 and LU 135252 or the ETB agonist IRL 1620; (b) weak competition by the ETB antagonist BQ-788 and by the predominant ETB ligand ET-3; (c) potent synergistic competition of ETA and ETB ligands in combination for 125I-ET-1 binding; (d) potent competition of ET-1 with any of the radioligands used, 125I-ET-1, 125I-IRL 1620, and [3H]BQ-123; (e) lack of competition of IRL 1620 and BQ-123 with the respective other radioligand; (f) shifting of the amount of acid-strippable 125I-ET-1 binding from 20 to 80% by ETB ligands and to 4% by ETA ligands; and (g) as a control, typical ETA and ETB binding characteristics of the RAT-1 fibroblast and the U373MG astrocytoma cell line, respectively, under our assay conditions. The unusual binding properties of astrocytic ET receptors described in this study appear to be the result of several binding sites in the receptor for different ET ligands or ligand epitopes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.70020473.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Developmental Outcome of Infants Born with Biological and Psychosocial Risks (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of child psychology and psychiatry 38 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-7610
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: The significance of prenatal and perinatal complications (biological risk) and of family adversity (psychosocial risk) on early child development was examined in a prospective study. Developmental outcome of 350 infants was assessed by measures of motor, cognitive, and social-emotional functioning at 3, 24, and 54 months. Results indicated a differential impact of risk factors on specific outcomes. Whereas psychosocial risks became more prominent with growing age and were related to poorer child outcome in all areas of functioning, biological risks decreased in influence and predominantly resulted in poorer motor development. The contributions of biological and psychosocial risks on outcomes were additive. A number of individual risk factors emerged as significant predictors of later maladaptation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01602.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and Reactions of an (Aryloxy)titanium(IV) Hydride (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Organometallics 14 (1995), S. 4601-4610 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6041
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/om00010a026
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microfabrication in Biology and Medicine (1999)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering 1 (1999), S. 401-425 
    Details
    ISSN: 1523-9829
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Technology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Microfabrication uses integrated-circuit manufacturing technology supplemented by its own processes to create objects with dimensions in the range of micrometers to millimeters. These objects can have miniature moving parts, stationary structures, or both. Microfabrication has been used for many applications in biology and medicine. These applications fall into four domains: tools for molecular biology and biochemistry, tools for cell biology, medical devices, and biosensors. Microfabricated device structures may provide significantly enhanced function with respect to a conventional device. Sometimes microfabrication can enable devices with novel capabilities. These enhancing and enabling qualities are conferred when microfabrication is used appropriately to address the right types of problems. Herein, we describe microfabrication technology and its application to biology and medicine. We detail several classes of advantages conferred by microfabrication and how these advantages have been used to date.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.bioeng.1.1.401
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vibrational structure in the optical response of small Li-cluster ions (2002)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 117 (2002), S. 3711-3714 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The optical response of Li4+ and Li7+ exhibits three large maxima at photon energies between 1.9 and 3.6 eV, on which a fine structures could be resolved that has a peak to peak distance of about 30–40 meV. A high level ab initio calculation of Li4+ shows that this feature is due to vibrational structure of the excited electronic state. It is pointed out that the lifetime of the excited states exhibits a dramatic shortening with increasing particle size. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1493193
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Frontal brain activation in anxious school children (2002)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Publishers
    The @journal of child psychology and psychiatry 43 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-7610
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Background: An atypical EEG pattern of frontal brain activation has been found in infants and adults with emotional disorders. Eighty-two 8-year-old children and 56 11-year-old children were examined with regard to the following questions: 1. Do children who are diagnosed with anxiety disorder exhibit an atypical pattern of frontal brain activation? 2. Can this pattern be demonstrated in children of different ages? and 3. Are there gender differences in these patterns similar to those that have been demonstrated in adults? Baseline EEG activity was subjected to power spectral analysis. Results: In 8- and 11-year-old anxious girls, the well-known pattern of greater right than left frontal activation emerged that has been found previously in internalizing preschoolers. Healthy girls showed no frontal asymmetry at 8 years of age, and a greater left than right frontal brain activation at 11 years. In contrast, healthy boys demonstrated a significantly greater right than left frontal activation, whereas anxious boys displayed no frontal asymmetry at the age of 8, and a greater left than right frontal activation at the age of 11. Conclusions: Children suffering from anxiety disorders exhibited a significantly different pattern of frontal brain activation than healthy children without any lifetime diagnosis of mental disorder. Distinct gender differences in frontal activation were found in anxious as well as in healthy children. This could be demonstrated in two samples of different ages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1469-7610.00019
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Practitioner Review: Preconditions and Outcome of Inpatient Treatment in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (2000)
    Oxford UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    The @journal of child psychology and psychiatry 41 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-7610
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Inpatient care is expensive and should ideally be provided for children and adolescents with the most serious psychiatric disorders. However, only little is known about inpatient treatment, e.g. the factors influencing hospital admission, the content of care in the hospital, the appropriate norms for the duration of inpatient stays, the inpatient arrangements that result in the best outcomes, or connection with necessary aftercare services. There are many methodological problems with existing research. However, it can cautiously be concluded that psychiatric hospitalisation of children and adolescents is often beneficial, particularly if special aspects of treatment are fulfilled (e.g. good therapeutic alliance, treatment with a cognitive-based problem-solving skills training package, or planned discharge) and aftercare services are available. The continuum-of-care model is promising because it provides opportunities to achieve better integration between inpatient interventions and aftercare services.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1469-7610.00658
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sleep in Adolescents with Primary Major Depression and Schizophrenia: A Pilot Study (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of child psychology and psychiatry 36 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-7610
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract— The present study aimed at investigating the question whether abnormalities of sleep, especially disinhibition of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, are already present in adolescents with primary major depressive disorder (MDD). Ten healthy controls assessed at home, 10 inpatients with MDD and 10 inpatients with schizophrenia (age range: 13–19 years) were investigated polysomnographically. REM latency was significantly shortened in MDD compared with the two other groups. Adolescents with MDD did not display disturbances of sleep continuity as typically observed in adults with major depression. The most pronounced impairment of sleep continuity was noted in schizophrenic patients. The results stress that shortened REM latency may already occur in adolescent depression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01827.x
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