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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 62 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Polyclonal antibodies were raised to the C-terminal part of the γ-aminobutyric acidA (GABAA) receptor α4-subunit. These anti-peptide α4 (517–523) antibodies specifically identified a protein with apparent molecular mass 67 kDa in rat brain membranes. This protein was enriched by immunoaffinity chromatography of brain membrane extracts on Affigel 10 coupled to the anti-peptide α4 (517–523) antibodies and could then be identified by the anti-α4-antibodies as well as by the GABAA receptor subunit-specific monoclonal antibody bd-28. This appears to indicate that the 67-kDa protein is the α4-subunit of GABAA receptors. Intact GABAA receptors appeared to be retained by the immunoaffinity column because other GABAA receptor subunit proteins like the β2/β3-subunits and the γ2-subunit were detected in the immunoaffinity column eluate. Furthermore, in addition to the 67-kDa protein, a 51-kDa protein could be detected by the antibody bd-28 and the anti-peptide α4 (517–523) antibody in the immunoaffinity column eluate. A protein with similar apparent molecular mass was identified by the α1-subunit-specific anti-peptide α1 (1–9) antibody. In contrast to the α1-subunit, the 51-kDa protein identified by the anti-α4 antibody could not be deglycosylated by N-Glycanase. The identity of the 51-kDa protein identified by the anti-α4-antibodies thus must be further investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Onkologe 6 (2000), S. S19 
    ISSN: 1433-0415
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Entscheidende Fortschritte im Verständnis der Biologie solider und hämatologischer Neoplasien sowie in der Analyse der Pharmakologie etablierter Zytostatika haben die Entwicklung neuer Substanzern ermöglicht, die in zunehmenden Maße im Rahmen klinischer Studien untersucht und z. T. bereits als Teil neuer Standardtherapien etabliert werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0584
    Keywords: Fungal infection ; Bone marrow transplantation ; Amphotericin B inhalations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The incidence of invasive fungal infections after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) was analyzed in 303 consecutive marrow graft recipients (allogeneicn=271, autologousn=27, syngeneicn=5). All patients received inhalations with amphotericin B (10 mg twice daily) during neutropenia. The overall incidence of invasive fungal infections within the first 120 days after transplant was 3.6% (11/303; aspergillosis: 6; yeast infection: 5). Four of the 11 cases occurred early, and seven cases were observed after neutrophil recovery and discontinuation of amphotericin B inhalation treatment. Late infection was significantly associated with the development of acute graft-versus-host disease. Four of the 11 infections (early 2/4; late: 2/7) were observed in patients with a history of previous fungal infection. Other patient and treatment characteristics were not helpful in defining potential risk factors. In particular, the incidence of invasive fungal infections did not differ between patients with more or less strict reverse isolation measures. Occasional side effects such as initial mild cough and bad taste were rare, usually disappeared during continued administration, and were in no case the reason for discontinuation of treatment. These data suggest that aerosolized amphotericin B may be a useful, convenient, and efficient prophylactic antifungal regimen in BMT.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of game theory 21 (1992), S. 249-266 
    ISSN: 1432-1270
    Keywords: Cooperative Game ; Shapley Value ; Precedence Constraint ; Marginal Contribution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract Cooperative games are considered where only those coalitions of players are feasible that respect a given precedence structure on the set of players. Strengthening the classical symmetry axiom, we obtain three axioms that give rise to a unique Shapley value in this model. The Shapley value is seen to reflect the expected marginal contribution of a player to a feasible random coalition, which allows us to evaluate the Shapley value nondeterministically. We show that every exact algorithm for the Shapley value requires an exponential number of operations already in the classical case and that even restriction to simple games is #P-hard in general. Furthermore, we outline how the multi-choice cooperative games of Hsiao and Raghavan can be treated in our context, which leads to a Shapley value that does not depend on pre-assigned weights. Finally, the relationship between the Shapley value and the permission value of Gilles, Owen and van den Brink is discussed. Both refer to formally similar models of cooperative games but reflect complementary interpretations of the precedence constraints and thus give rise to fundamentally different solution concepts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In einer prospektiven, randomisierten Studie wurden die Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit von Ofloxacin (dreimal 200 mg täglich) im Vergleich mit Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazol (dreimal 960 mg täglich) als antibakterielle Prophylaxe bei Patienten mit akuter Leukämie geprüft. Beurteilbar waren 128 Patienten, die eine aggressive cytostatische Chemotherapie erhielten, mit einer medianen Granulozytopeniedauer von 30 Tagen. In der Ofloxacin-Gruppe wurde eine Kolonisierung mitEnterobacteriaceae (13% gegenüber 90%, p〈0.001) undPseudomonas aeruginosa (3% gegenüber 14%, p=0.025) wesentlich seltener beobachtet als in der Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazol-Gruppe. Patienten, die Ofloxacin erhielten, entwickelten auch weniger gram-negative Infektionen (4% gegenüber 26%, p=0.002), während die Inzidenz von gram-positiven bakteriellen (19% gegenüber 22%) und von Pilzinfektionen (7% gegenüber 14%) in beiden Gruppen vergleichbar war. Ofloxacin war besser verträglich und verkürzte die Feiberdauer (p=0.02) sowie die Dauer der parenteralen antimikrobiellen Behandlung von vermuteten oder dokumentierten erworbenen Infektionen (p=0.01). In der Prophylaxe gramnegativer Infektionen bei Patienten mit akuter Leukämie erscheint Ofloxacin daher eine wirksamere und besser verträgliche Alternative zu Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazol zu sein. Möglichkeiten einer gezielten Prophylaxe gegen grampositive Infektionen sollten jedoch weiterhin überprüft werden.
    Notes: Summary In a prospective randomized study we evaluated the efficacy and safety of oral ofloxacin (dosage: 200 mg three times daily) versus trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (dosage: 960 mg three times daily) as antibacterial prophylaxis in 128 patients with acute leukemia who received aggressive cytotoxic chemotherapy and were granulocytopenic for a median duration of 30 days. Fewer patients receiving ofloxacin were colonized byEnterobacteriaceae (13% versus 90%, p〈0.001) andPseudomonas aeruginosa (3% versus 14%, p=0.025), and developed gram-negative bacterial infection (4% versus 26%, p=0.002), whereas the incidence of gram-positive bacterial (19% versus 22%) and fungal (7% versus 14%) infections was similar in both groups. Ofloxacin was significantly better tolerated than trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and shortened the duration of fever (p=0.02) and of parenteral antimicrobial therapy for presumed or documented acquired infection (p=0.01). Ofloxacin appears to be a safe, effective, well-tolerated alternative to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for preventing gram-negative infection in acute leukemia, but more effective prophylaxis of gram-positive infections is still needed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ochrobactrum anthropi, früher als„Achromobacter“-Gruppe CDC Vd bezeichnet, ist ein nicht-fermentatives, anspruchslos wachsendes gram-negatives Stäbchen, das erst seit kurzer Zeit als potentiell humanpathogen gilt. Während einer 2-Jahresperiode beobachteten wir vier Patienten, bei denen dieses Bakterium aus mehreren Blutkulturen isoliert wurde. Die Patienten hatten als Grunderkrankung eine akute Leukämie. Bei drei Patienten trat die Infektion jedoch unabhängig von einer schweren Neutropenie auf. Vielmehr war sie hier entweder die Ursache der Krankenhausaufnahme, oder sie trat bereits sehr kurz nach Krankenhausaufnahme auf. Die Infektion erschien nach klinischen und mikrobiologischen Befunden in allen Fällen als Katheter-assoziierte Bakteriämie. Die antimikrobielle Empfindlichkeit der Isolate war sehr uneiheitlich: im Unterschied zu früheren Berichten waren einige unserer Isolate auch resistent gegenüber Aminoglykosiden, neueren Fluorochinolonen und gegenüber Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazol. Die Therapie mit Imipenem bei zwei Patienten war trotzIn-vitro-Empfindlichkeit nicht erfolgreich. Ein Patient hatte erneute Bakteriämien durch den Erreger jeweils kurz nach Ende der Therapie, der andere Patient blieb unter Therapie febril und bakteriämisch.Ochrobactrum anthropi muß als nicht selten multiresistenter, opportunistischer humanpathogener Erreger vor allem Katheter-assoziierter Infektionen angesehen werden.
    Notes: Summary Ochrobactrum anthropi, formerly“Achromobacter” CDC group Vd, is a nonfermentative, nonfastidious gram-negative bacillus, that only recently has been given attention as a potential human pathogen. Over a 2-year period, we observed four patients with multiple blood cultures that were positive for the organism. The patients had acute leukemia as underlying disease, and presented with clinical and microbiologic features consistent with catheter-related bacteremia. In three of the patients the infection initially appeared to be unrelated to chemotherapy-associated profound neutropenia and occurred early after, or was the reason for, hospital admission. The antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates varied: unlike previously reported cases, resistance in some of our isolates included aminoglycosides, newer fluoroquinolones, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Despitein vitro susceptibility to imipenem in initial isolates, treatment of two patients with this agent obviously failed to eradicate the organism, and the patients either relapsed with bacteremia shortly after discontinuation of treatment or remained persistently febrile and bacteremic.O. anthropi appears to be increasingly recognized as a human opportunist pathogen associated with intravascular catheters and unpredictable multiple antibiotic resistance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Infection 19 (1991), S. 1-6 
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In zwei Universitätskliniken wurde während eines Zeitraumes von drei Jahren bei acht PatientenStomatococcus mucilaginosus aus Blutkulturen isoliert. Der zentral-venöse Katheter eines Patienten war mit diesem Organismus ohne Zeichen einer Infektion kolonisiert, zwei Patienten hatten eine passagere Bakteriämie ohne eindeutige Beziehung zur Grunderkrankung, während die übrigen fünf Patienten unter klinisch bedeutsamen Infektionen litten. Von diesen letzteren Patienten war bei einem Patienten ein chirurgischer Eingriff im Kopf-Halsbereich durchgeführt worden, vier Patienten wiesen maligne hämatologische Erkrankungen mit milder bis schwerer Neutropenie auf; zwei dieser Patienten entwickelten die Infektion im Anschluß an einen zahnärztlichen Eingriff. Neben oropharyngealen Schleimhautläsionen und Neutropenie könnte eine antibakterielle Prophylaxe mit Chinolonen ein zusätzlicher Risikofaktor für das Entstehen derS. mucilaginosus- Bakteriämie bei diesen Patienten gewesen sein. Eine gründliche Literaturübersicht belegte, daß zusätzlich zu unseren Beobachtungen, Endokarditiden und Fremdkörperinfektionen weitere typische Krankheitsmanifestationen sind. Obgleich die Antibiotikaempfindlichkeit insgesamt der von Streptokokken ähnelt, ist zu unterstellen, daß Penicillin G nicht das Mittel der ersten Wahl bei besonders schwerwiegenden Infektionen ist.S. mucilaginosus kann leicht von anderen grampositiven Bakterien differenziert werden, wenn bestimmte Schlüsselkriterien (z.B. Adhärenz zu Agaroberflächen, schlechtes Wachstum auf Mueller-Hinton Agar, Kapseldarstellung) sowie eine Reihe von biochemischen Tests, einschließlich kommerziell erhältlicher Identifizierungssysteme, Anwendung finden. Unsere eigenen und publizierte Daten unterstreichen, daß Mikrobiologen und Kliniker diesem opportunistischen Erreger verstärkt Beachtung schenken sollten.
    Notes: Summary During a three-year period eight patients with blood cultures positive forStomatococcus mucilaginosus were identified at two university hospitals. One patient without any signs of infection had a central venous catheter that was colonized with this organism, two patients had transient bacteremia without definite relationship to underlying disease, whereas the remaining five patients suffered from clinically significant infections. Of these last five patients, one had undergone prior head and neck surgery and four had hematologic malignancy with mild to severe neutropenia; two of the latter patients developed the infection subsequent to dental surgery. Besides neutropenia and mucosal damage in the oropharynx, quinolone antibacterial prophylaxis may have been an additional risk factor for the development ofS. mucilaginosus bacteremia in these patients. A thorough review of the literature revealed that in addition to our findings, endocarditis and foreign body infections are further typical clinical manifestations. Although the overall antibiotic susceptibility pattern ofS. mucilaginosus resembles that of streptococci, it is suggested that penicillin G may not be the drug of choice for initial therapy of particularly severe infections.S. mucilaginosus can be easily differentiated from other gram-positive bacteria when certain key criteria (e.g. adherence to agar surfaces, poor growth on Mueller-Hinton agar, presence of a capsule) as well as an array of biochemical tests, including commercially available identification systems, are applied. Our own and published data emphasize that both microbiologists and clinicians should be increasingly aware of this opportunistic pathogen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Infection 19 (1991), S. 342-342 
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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