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Clove oil as an anaesthetic for adult sockeye salmon: field trials (2002)

Woody, C. A. ; Nelson, J. ; Ramstad, K.

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Journal of fish biology 60 (2002), S. 0

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ISSN: 1095-8649

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology

Notes: Wild migrating sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka exposed to 20, 50 and 80 mg 1−1 of clove oil could be handled within 3 min, recovered within 10 min, and survived 15 min exposure trials. Fish tested at 110 mg 1−1 did not recover from 15 min exposure trials. Response curves developed for induction and recovery time considered the following predictors: clove oil concentration, sex, fish length and depth. A significant positive dependence was observed between induction time and fish length for 20, 50 and 80 mg 1−1 test concentrations; no dependence was observed between induction time and length at 110 and 140 mg 1−1. Recovery time differed as a function of clove oil concentration, but not fish size. A concentration of 50 mg 1−1 is recommended for anaesthetizing sockeye salmon ranging in length from 400 to 550 mm at water temperatures averaging 9–10° C.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2002.tb00284.x

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Local adaptations of two naturally occurring neuronal conductances, gK+(A) and gK+(Ca), allow for associative conditioning and contiguity judgements in artificial neural networks (1991)

Berner, J. ; Woody, C. D.

Springer

Biological cybernetics 66 (1991), S. 79-86

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ISSN: 1432-0770

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics

Notes: Abstract Features of two potassium conductances implicated in the acquisition of conditioned reflexes, the slow calcium dependent conductance (gK+(Ca)) and the fast transient conductance (gK+(A)), were incorporated into a 6 × 6 element artificial neural network. Adaptive algorithms derived from observations of cortical neurons during associative learning changed gK+(A) in proportion to the product of this current and an EPSP-induced second messenger concentration, and changed gK+(Ca) as a function of a spike-induced second messenger concentration. This network concurrently acquired two distinct representations in response to presentation of stimuli: one resembled associative conditioning (defined in terms of its senstivity to forward pairing vs. simultaneous or backward pairing); the other reflected contiguous pairings of stimuli. The acquisition of one representation did not markedly interfere with acquisition of the other. This network may accordingly serve as an example of a self-organizing system which minimizes the postulated inherent cross talk between functionally dissiminar representations (Minsky and Papert 1988).