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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 15 (1982), S. 45-54 
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 55 (1983), S. 202-214 
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 60 (1982), S. 1245-1248 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Chronic salt loading ; Volume expansion ; Glomerular filtration rate ; Tubuloglomerular feedback ; Humoral substances in tubular fluid ; Chronische Salzbelastung ; Volumenexpansion ; Glomeruläre Filtrationsrate ; Tubuloglomeruläre Rückkoppelung ; Humorale Substanzen in tubulärer Flüssigkeit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei normalem Extrazellulärvolumen reduziert der Harnfluß durch das macula densa Segment der Henle'schen Schleife die glomeruläre Filtrationsrate durch ein Signal aus dem juxtaglomerulären Apparat (tubuloglomerulärer Rückkopplungsmechanismus, TGF). Bei Vergrößerung des Extrazellulärvolumens wird dieser Mechanismus gehemmt, so daß die glomeruläre Filtrationsrate ansteigt. Um festzustellen, ob diese Hemmung durch Veränderungen im juxtaglomerulären Apparat oder in der Tubulusflüssigkeit verursacht wird, wurden an zwei Gruppen von Ratten, deren Extrazellulärvolumen entweder normal war oder durch kochsalzreiche Ernährung expandiert wurde, Austauschversuche mit spätproximaler Tubulusflüssigkeit durchgeführt. Die Tubulusflüssigkeit wurde mit Mikrosaug/Perfusionspumpen gesammelt. Ihre Wirkung auf den TGF wurde geschätzt, indem Henle'sche Schleifen einzelner Tubuli mit 40, 10, und 0 nl/min perfundiert wurden, während gleichzeitig der Harnfluß (EPF) in einem glomerulusnahen Segment des jeweiligen proximalen Tubulus gemessen wurde. Insalzreich ernährten Tieren war die EPF von der Schleifenperfusionsrate unabhängig, wenn die Henle'schen Schleifen mithomologer Tubulusflüssigkeit perfundiert wurden. Mit Tubulusflüssigkeit aussalzarm ernährten Tieren und einer Schleifenperfusionsrate von 40 nl/min fiel die EPF jedoch um etwa 50% gegenüber dem Kontrollwert bei nichtperfundierter Schleife ab. Insalzarm ernährten Tieren, deren Henle'sche Schleifen mithomologer Tubulusflüssigkeit und einer Rate von 40 nl/min perfundiert wurden, fiel die EPF um etwa 50% gegenüber dem Kontrollwert bei nicht perfundierter Schleife ab. Mit Tubulusflüssigkeit aussalzreich ernährten Tieren war die EPF von der Schleifenperfusionsrate unabhängig. Es wird gefolgert, daß der TGF in volumenexpandierten Tieren durch eine Substanz in der Tubulusflüssigkeit gehemmt wird.
    Notes: Summary Experiments were carried out in Wistar rats to determine whether the loss of sensitivity of the tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism (TGF) which is known to occur in volume expansion is due to a change in the functional characteristics of the juxtaglomerular apparatus or to a change in some property of the tubular fluid which influences the feedback signal at the macula densa. Proximal tubular fluid was collected by means of a microperfusion/suction pump from Wistar rats maintained for a minimum of 10 days on a high salt diet and also from rats fed a control low salt diet. Both fluids were then used to perfuse loops of Henle in rats from both groups and the feedback response assessed from the change in early proximal tubular flow rate (EPF). In high salt rats, perfusion of the loop of Henle with homologous tubular fluid confirmed the loss of sensitivity of the TGF mechanism in volume expansion, the response of EPF was practically absent. In contrast, the low salt rat responded with a 50% decrease in EPF to loop perfusion at 40 nl/min with its homologous fluid. On the other hand, when the loop of Henle in high salt rats was perfused at 40 nl/min with heterologous (low salt) tubular fluid, EPF again decreased by some 50% whereas EPF in low salt rats failed to respond to loop perfusion with high salt fluid. From these results it is concluded that in rats chronically volume expanded by a high salt diet an unknown inhibitory principle occurs in the proximal tubular fluid which reduces the sensitivity of the tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objectives To determine the safety, cost effectiveness and effect on quality of life of laparoscopicassisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH) compared with total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH) in the management of benign gynaecological disease.Design Randomised controlled trial and economic evaluation.Setting Three hospitals in the West of Scotland.Participants Two hundred women scheduled for an abdominal hysterectomy for benign gynaecological disease.Main outcome measures Conversion rate of LAVH to TAH, complication rates, NHS resource use and costs, quality of life using EuroQol 5 D visual analogue scale, and achievement of milestones.Results The overall incidence of operative complications was 14% in the TAH group and 8% in the LAVH group, with an 8% conversion rate. Length of operation was significantly greater in the women having LAVH at 81 ±30 min vs 47 ±16 min (P 〈 0.001). There was no difference in analgesic requirements between the groups although there was a significantly shorter hospital stay for those having LAVH. The rate of post-surgery recovery, satisfaction with operation and quality of life at four weeks post-operative were similar in the two groups of women. LAVH was significantly more expensive than TAH and remained more expensive for all but the most extreme scenario.Conclusions This study demonstrates that despite the decreased length of hospital stay, LAVH is more expensive than TAH. In addition, recovery following operation and patient satisfaction were not affected by the route chosen. It is unlikely that LAVH represents an efficient use of NHS resources.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bradford : Emerald
    The @journal of services marketing 17 (2003), S. 202-219 
    ISSN: 0887-6045
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper suggests that he/she whom the customer holds most responsible for a service experience may influence which service quality dimensions take precedence in customer satisfaction, word-of-mouth intentions, and repurchase intentions. Results indicate that, when consumers find the contact employee more responsible for the experience, what is delivered is most important to evaluations of service quality, satisfaction, and behavioral intentions. When management is thought to be more responsible, how the service is delivered is essential to consumers' evaluations. When responsibility is perceived as shared between the contact employee and management, the physical environment may play a larger role in influencing consumers' satisfaction with the service experience.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A computationally efficient method for transporting radiation in multidimensional plasmas has been developed and evaluated. The basis of this method is a uniform plasma approximation that allows one to utilize existing escape probability techniques that are successfully used in one-dimensional (1D) calculations to approximately solve the multidimensional radiation transport problem. This method is superior to diffusion methods because (1) the probability of escape technique insures that the plasma goes to the correct optically thin and thick limits, (2) the effects of line absorption due to photoexcitations are modeled, and (3) this method uses source functions that are based on a self-consistent nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium calculation, not an ad hoc assumption that the source functions are Planckian. This method is highly efficient because equation of state information from 1D calculations is tabulated as a function of plasma internal energy, ion density, and the line probability of escape from a uniform plasma, and then used in multidimensional calculations. Given the internal energy and ion density, and by calculating the line probability of escape from a zone of the multidimensional plasma, the equation of state, including emissivities and absorption coefficients, of the zone is determined from the table. Total radiative power, K-shell radiative power, total radiative yield, K-shell radiative yield, and plasma density and temperature profiles obtained from 1D Z-pinch calculations employing this method are in good agreement with the same powers, yields, and profiles calculated using a full radiation transport model. This method has been implemented in the 2D plasma radiating imploding source model code [F. L. Cochran et al., Phys. Plasmas 2, 2765 (1995)] to determine the influence of radiation transport in argon Z-pinch experiments performed on the Z machine [R. B. Spielman et al., Phys. Plasmas 5, 2105 (1998)] at Sandia National Laboratories. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 7 (2000), S. 3265-3277 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In numerous experiments, magnetic energy coupled to strongly radiating Z-pinch plasmas exceeds the thermalized kinetic energy, sometimes by a factor of 2–3. An analytical model describing this additional energy deposition based on the concept of macroscopic magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulent pinch heating proposed by Rudakov and Sudan [Phys. Reports 283, 253 (1997)] is presented. The pinch plasma is modeled as a foam-like medium saturated with toroidal "magnetic bubbles" produced by the development of surface m=0 Rayleigh-Taylor and MHD instabilities. As the bubbles converge to the pinch axis, their magnetic energy is converted to thermal energy of the plasma through pdV work. Explicit formulas for the average dissipation rate of this process and the corresponding contribution to the resistance of the load, which compare favorably to the experimental data and simulation results, are presented. The possibility of using this enhanced (relative to Ohmic heating) dissipation mechanism to power novel plasma radiation sources and produce high K-shell yields using long current rise time machines is discussed. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 7 (2000), S. 3399-3404 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The spatial profiles of key physical variables such as electron temperature and density are crucial in determining the overall radiating efficiency of a Z pinch as well as the emitted photon energy distribution. The present work uses spatially resolved x-ray lines emitted from shots taken on the 4 MA Double EAGLE generator [C. Deeney et al., Phys. Rev. A 44, 6762 (1991)] at Maxwell Physics International to infer such profiles. The loads were arrays of 15 wires consisting of 95% Al, 5% Si, producing nearly 50 kJ of K-shell radiation with relatively long pulsewidths of 41–43 ns. It is found that the spatial profile of the He-like intercombination to resonance line ratio is critically affected by self-absorption and re-emission (scattering) of resonance line photons emitted from the hot, dense interior of the pinch. This ratio cannot be correctly interpreted without taking the scattering into account. Also, at densities somewhat lower than those achieved by these pinches, this line ratio becomes more temperature than density dependent. The inferred temperature gradient is much less steep than that which had been diagnosed previously for a pinch emitting a much shorter x-ray pulsewidth of 13 ns. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water monitoring & remediation 23 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-6592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water monitoring & remediation 22 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-6592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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