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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 88 (1981), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The case is described of a 20 year old pregnant woman with clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina who had been exposed to diethyl stilboestrol in utero. This is the second of three cases known to have occurred in Britain. The importance of radical treatment is discussed. Neither cervical nor vaginal intra-epithelial neoplasia were seen histologically, although squamous metaplasia was widespread, and in some areas was immature and showed atypical features which could be misinterpreted as intra-epithelial neoplasia. An area of atypical adenosis was noticed, a hitherto rarely observed feature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary. Of 420 patients attending a colposcopy clinic 204 were treated with outpatient cryosurgery for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. It was possible to assess a definite outcome of therapy in 159 patients, and the lesion was successfully eradicated in 87% of them. Treatment failure appeared to be more common in patients of high parity, when the lesion extended into the cervical canal, and in those patients with large lesions. Failure appeared to be unrelated to patient age and to the histological grade of the lesion. In subsequent pregnancies utero-cervical function was preserved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 90 (1983), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary. Plasma progesterone levels were measured in three groups of untreated women. (1) Nine women with follicle rupture, proved by laparotomy or laparoscopy, had values of ≥40 nmol/l on days 18–24 (days −10—5 from the next period); thus a value of 〈40 nmol/1 should not be taken as evidence of ovulation. (2) Nineteen healthy women with normal menstrual histories had hormone assays on alternate days during one cycle. In five of them all values were 〈38 nmol/1. (3) Forty women had a single progesterone assay on days 20–29 of a conceptual cycle. Eight of them had a level 〈40 nmol/l. Ovulation had certainly occurred in all of them, but it is difficult to assess whether the sample timing was optimal since there was no following menstrual period. Progesterone levels in drug-induced conceptual cycles were in general higher than those in spontaneous pregnancy cycles. Women with luteinization of the unruptured follicle frequently had values of 〉40 nmol/l. Conversely, a secretory endometrium was not uncommon in cycles with values of 〈38 nmol/l.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary. Colposcopic, histological and cytological characteristics of 168 consecutive patients attending a colposcopy clinic were reviewed. A group of patients demonstrated a cluster of histological features previously related to possible human papilloma virus infection of cervical epithelium, including particularly koilocytosis, double nucleation and dyskeratosis. These patients had a significantly greater occurrence of colposcopic ‘finger-like’ lesion outline and colposcopic impression of warty change, but not of other specific colposcopic features. Over two-thirds of patients with histological warty features did not show these colposcopic changes. Cytological changes previously related to warty lesions did not occur commonly, and appeared to underestimate the histological occurrence of such changes. Histological changes considered to represent CIN were uncommon in patients who said that they had begun sexual activity less than 10 years ago, whereas patients with warty characteristics on histology showed no such bias.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objectives To determine the safety, cost effectiveness and effect on quality of life of laparoscopicassisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH) compared with total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH) in the management of benign gynaecological disease.Design Randomised controlled trial and economic evaluation.Setting Three hospitals in the West of Scotland.Participants Two hundred women scheduled for an abdominal hysterectomy for benign gynaecological disease.Main outcome measures Conversion rate of LAVH to TAH, complication rates, NHS resource use and costs, quality of life using EuroQol 5 D visual analogue scale, and achievement of milestones.Results The overall incidence of operative complications was 14% in the TAH group and 8% in the LAVH group, with an 8% conversion rate. Length of operation was significantly greater in the women having LAVH at 81 ±30 min vs 47 ±16 min (P 〈 0.001). There was no difference in analgesic requirements between the groups although there was a significantly shorter hospital stay for those having LAVH. The rate of post-surgery recovery, satisfaction with operation and quality of life at four weeks post-operative were similar in the two groups of women. LAVH was significantly more expensive than TAH and remained more expensive for all but the most extreme scenario.Conclusions This study demonstrates that despite the decreased length of hospital stay, LAVH is more expensive than TAH. In addition, recovery following operation and patient satisfaction were not affected by the route chosen. It is unlikely that LAVH represents an efficient use of NHS resources.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 15 (1982), S. 45-54 
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 72 (2001), S. 1918-1920 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: In this article, we demonstrate how the spatial distribution of x-ray linear attenuation coefficients within an object can be estimated from x-ray diffraction tomography data. The experimental arrangement to achieve this exploits a position sensitive detector and an analyzer crystal. The quality of reconstructed maps of linear attenuation coefficients is comparable to results obtained from conventional transmission computed tomography. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A computationally efficient method for transporting radiation in multidimensional plasmas has been developed and evaluated. The basis of this method is a uniform plasma approximation that allows one to utilize existing escape probability techniques that are successfully used in one-dimensional (1D) calculations to approximately solve the multidimensional radiation transport problem. This method is superior to diffusion methods because (1) the probability of escape technique insures that the plasma goes to the correct optically thin and thick limits, (2) the effects of line absorption due to photoexcitations are modeled, and (3) this method uses source functions that are based on a self-consistent nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium calculation, not an ad hoc assumption that the source functions are Planckian. This method is highly efficient because equation of state information from 1D calculations is tabulated as a function of plasma internal energy, ion density, and the line probability of escape from a uniform plasma, and then used in multidimensional calculations. Given the internal energy and ion density, and by calculating the line probability of escape from a zone of the multidimensional plasma, the equation of state, including emissivities and absorption coefficients, of the zone is determined from the table. Total radiative power, K-shell radiative power, total radiative yield, K-shell radiative yield, and plasma density and temperature profiles obtained from 1D Z-pinch calculations employing this method are in good agreement with the same powers, yields, and profiles calculated using a full radiation transport model. This method has been implemented in the 2D plasma radiating imploding source model code [F. L. Cochran et al., Phys. Plasmas 2, 2765 (1995)] to determine the influence of radiation transport in argon Z-pinch experiments performed on the Z machine [R. B. Spielman et al., Phys. Plasmas 5, 2105 (1998)] at Sandia National Laboratories. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An analysis of x-ray data from two series of Z-pinch shots taken on the short current-risetime Saturn accelerator at Sandia National Laboratories [Proceedings of 6th International IEEE Pulsed Power Conference, Arlington, VA, edited by P. J. Turchi and B. H. Bernstein (IEEE, New York, 1987), p. 310] is presented. In one series, the array radius was held constant and the array mass was varied; in the other series, the array mass was held constant and its radius varied. In both sets of experiments, large wire-number loads (N≥93) of aluminum were used in contrast to earlier small wire-number aluminum array experiments on Saturn where N≤42. Average electron temperatures and ion densities were inferred from the data. In addition, from the measured size of the emission region of K-shell x rays and from the inferred ion density, a fraction of the total array mass that participated in the K-shell emission was inferred and found to be directly correlated to the K-shell yields that were measured. This paper also demonstrates that the yields varied as a function of array mass and radius in much closer agreement with predictions [J. Appl. Phys. 67, 1725 (1990)] than had been observed in the earlier small wire-number experiments. Thus, a serious misperception that the reason for the early disagreement was in the calculations and not in the experiments is corrected. These predictions were made using one-dimensional (1D) magnetohydrodynamics calculations. The density and temperature trends inferred from the data analysis are well-behaved and consistent with the 1D calculations. This data analysis confirms the importance of achieving uniform plasma initial conditions and implosion symmetry when comparing computer code calculations with experiment. When the wire number of an array load is increased, a more uniform shell of plasma is calculated initially as the wires explode and, as the plasma stagnates on axis, the x-ray powers and yields are found experimentally to approach the powers and yields predicted by 1D calculations. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Radiation transport redistributes energy within a medium through the emission and reabsorption of photons. These processes also have a pronounced effect on the spectrum of radiation that escapes the medium. As the deliverable energies of plasma drivers such as lasers and pulsed-power generators steadily increase, denser and/or more massive plasmas can be created. Such plasmas are more absorptive to their own emitted radiation, with portions of the line spectrum frequently being highly opaque. Thus, radiation transport becomes more important, along with the need to consider its impact on the design of experiments and their diagnosis. This tutorial paper covers the basic theory and equations describing radiation transport, its physical effects, experimental examples of transport phenomena, and current challenges and issues. Among the specific topics discussed are requirements for local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE), conditions for diffusion and the use of the diffusion approximation, the formation of emission and absorption lines, the approach of an emitted spectrum to the Planck limit, and diagnostic applications of transport effects. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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