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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 9 (2002), S. 167-170 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: A sudden, threefold increase in emission from fundamental electrostatic electron Bernstein waves (EBW) which mode convert and tunnel to the electromagnetic X-mode has been observed during high energy and particle confinement (H-mode) transitions in the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) plasma [M. Ono, S. Kaye, M. Peng et al., in Proceedings of the 17th IAEA Fusion Energy Conference (IAEA, Vienna, Austria, 1999), Vol. 3, p. 1135]. The mode-converted EBW emission viewed normal to the magnetic field on the plasma midplane increases when the density profile steepens in the vicinity of the mode conversion layer, which is located in the plasma scrape off. The measured conversion efficiency during the H-mode is consistent with the calculated EBW to X-mode conversion efficiency derived using edge density data. Calculations indicate that there may also be a small residual contribution to the measured X-mode electromagnetic radiation from polarization-scrambled, O-mode emission, converted from EBWs. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 9 (2002), S. 480-487 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Electron transport has been measured in the Current-Drive Experiment Upgrade (CDX-U) (T. Jones, Ph.D. thesis, Princeton University, 1995) using two separate perturbative techniques. Sawteeth at the q=1 radius (r/a∼0.15) induced outward-propagating heat pulses, providing time-of-flight information leading to a determination of χe as a function of radius. Gas modulation at the plasma edge introduced inward-propagating cold pulses, providing a complementary time-of-flight based χe profile measurement. This work represents the first localized measurement of χe in a spherical torus. Core (r/a〈1/3) χe values from the sawtooth study are 1–2 m2/s, and from the gas modulation study are 1–6 m2/s, increasing by an order of magnitude or more outside of the core region. Furthermore, the χe profile exhibits a sharp transition near r/a=1/3. Spectral and profile analyses of the soft x-rays, scanning interferometer, and edge probe data show no evidence of a significant magnetic island causing the high χe region. Comparisons are performed to several theoretical models, with measured χe(approximate)5–10× neoclassical estimates in the core. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 91 (2002), S. 3129-3138 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: In this work a systematic study of the influence of exchange on media signal-to-noise ratio, (SNR) was undertaken. Log-normal grain distributions were utilized and four models of the intergranular exchange interaction were studied. In addition, three models of media SNR were examined. In all of our studies media SNR was found to plateau and then exhibit a small maximum as exchange is increased. This maximum occurs because remanent magnetization at the center of the bit increases faster than the noise grows at the bit transition in this low coupling regime. For larger values of exchange, the signal-to-noise ratio decreases due to the rapid increase of transition noise. These results suggest that this plateau region should be exploited in studies of the effect of exchange on thermal stability. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 89 (2001), S. 6793-6795 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: In the field of magnetic memory the giant magnetoresistance effect provides a convenient way to read out the state of a spin-valve type device by passing a small current through it. It is now debated whether passing a large current through such a device could reliably switch its magnetic state between parallel and antiparallel configurations thus turning a spin valve into a complete read–write memory cell. Experiments with current induced switching were done by several groups, but their interpretation is not straightforward due to complicated interplay between the current-induced torques and those induced by anisotropy. We propose here an experimental setup where an exact solution for the switching behavior can be found in the framework of Slonczweski's approach. Comparison with experiment would be especially interesting since alternative approaches are discussed in the literature. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Electron cyclotron emission (ECE) has been employed as a standard electron temperature profile diagnostic on many tokamaks and stellarators, but most magnetically confined plasma devices cannot take advantage of standard ECE diagnostics to measure temperature. They are either "overdense," operating at high density relative to the magnetic field (e.g., ωpe(very-much-greater-than)Ωce in a spherical torus) or they have insufficient density and temperature to reach the blackbody condition (τ〉2). Electron Bernstein waves (EBWs) are electrostatic waves that can propagate in overdense plasmas and have a high optical thickness at the electron cyclotron resonance layers as a result of their large kperp. In this article we report on measurements of EBW emission on the CDX-U spherical torus, where B0∼2 kG, 〈ne〉∼1013 cm−3 and Te(approximate)10–200 eV. Results are presented for electromagnetic measurements of EBW emission, mode converted near the plasma edge. The EBW emission was absolutely calibrated and compared to the electron temperature profile measured by a multipoint Thomson scattering diagnostic. Depending on the plasma conditions, the mode-converted EBW radiation temperature was found to be ≤Te and the emission source was determined to be radially localized at the electron cyclotron resonance layer. A Langmuir triple probe and a 140 GHz interferometer were employed to measure changes in the edge density profile in the vicinity of the upper hybrid resonance where the mode conversion of the EBWs is expected to occur. Initial results suggest EBW emission and EBW heating are viable concepts for plasmas where ωpe(very-much-greater-than)Ωce. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: A flowing liquid lithium first wall or divertor target could virtually eliminate the concerns with power density and erosion, tritium retention, and cooling associated with solid walls in fusion reactors. To investigate the interaction of a spherical torus plasma with liquid lithium limiters, large area divertor targets, and walls, discharges will be established in the Current Drive Experiment-Upgrade (CDX-U) where the plasma–wall interactions are dominated by liquid lithium surfaces. Among the unique CDX-U lithium diagnostics is a multilayer mirror (MLM) array, which will monitor the 13.5 nm LiIII line for core lithium concentrations. Additional spectroscopic diagnostics include a grazing incidence extreme ultraviolet (XUV) spectrometer (STRS) and a filterscope system to monitor Dα and various impurity lines local to the lithium limiter. Profile data will be obtained with a multichannel tangential bolometer and a multipoint Thomson scattering system configured to give enhanced edge resolution. Coupons on the inner wall of the CDX-U vacuum vessel will be used for surface analysis. A 10 000 frame per second fast visible camera and an IR camera will also be available. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 5561-5563 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The influence of a single magnetic impurity on an s-wave superconductor is investigated by solving the Bogoliubov-De Genne equations with the impurity modeled by a spin-dependent square potential well of radius a and strength J. Unlike the one with a δ-function potential, our model shows multiple phase transitions with increase of J or a, which manifest themselves through a change of the nature of impurity bound states. By considering a finite size superconducting host (impurity on a superconducting grain) we suggest a way of observing the transitions in experiment. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 59 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Facial bipartition is amongst the most radical craniofacial surgery undertaken but is performed rarely. There is little published information on its anaesthetic management. We undertook a retrospective case-note review of 22 consecutive patients undergoing bipartition surgery by the same surgical team in one centre in the period 1993–2001. There were incomplete data for two cases and these were therefore excluded. Patients were aged 2 months to 19 years. Conditions treated were facial cleft (n = 5), frontonasal dysplasia (n = 7) and facial dysostosis (n = 8).Intra-operative complications included major haemorrhage (n = 4), bradycardia (n = 3) and unintentional tracheal extubation (n = 1). There were no peri-operative deaths. All patients required intra-operative blood transfusion and 15% of them had a postoperative haemoglobin concentration 〉 115% of their pre-operative value. In this series, four patients required postoperative lung ventilation for a median duration of 3 days. Infants 〈 14 months old were significantly more likely to receive a massive blood transfusion (p = 0.0002), to have an excessively high postoperative haematocrit (p = 0.008) and to require postoperative lung ventilation (p = 0.0002) compared with older patients. We conclude that patients in this age group have a significantly increased risk of postoperative complications.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Plant Physiology 24 (1973), S. 47-68 
    ISSN: 0066-4294
    Quelle: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Inorganic chemistry 10 (1971), S. 26-27 
    ISSN: 1520-510X
    Quelle: ACS Legacy Archives
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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