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  • 2000-2004  (2)
  • 1955-1959  (2)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd/Inc
    Experimental dermatology 13 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0625
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Endogenous antimicrobial peptides are components of the innate host defense system that prevents microbial penetration before the time-consuming adaptive immunity starts. We have recently demonstrated that α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) has antimicrobial effects. The antimicrobial influences of α-MSH are exerted through a unique mechanism, which appears to be linked to the cAMP-inducing activity of the peptide. This mechanism mimics the influence of α-MSH in mammalian cells in which the peptide binds to G-protein-linked melanocortin receptors, activates adenylyl cyclase, and increases cAMP. In an attempt to improve the antimicrobial activity of α-MSH and to better understand the peptide structure–activity relations, we designed and synthesized novel peptide analogs. In this structure–activity study, we discovered several compounds that have greater antimicrobial activity than α-MSH. The peptide [DNal-7, Phe-12]-α-MSH (6–13) was the most potent of the analogs tested. This compound killed almost 100% of Candida cells and had substantial antimicrobial effects against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Enhanced antimicrobial activity of the Phe-12-substituted peptides was the most distinctive feature relative to effects in mammalian cells. The results are very encouraging in that they show the great potential of α-MSH peptides as a truly novel class of antimicrobial compounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 57 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Treating elvers of European eel Anguilla anguilla with mature carp ovary for 3–6 months during early growth induced female differentiation in 51·6–66·7% of treated animals compared with c. 5% in controls. The treatment also induced differentiation of ovaries in eels 〈13 cm LT and a higher number of Syrski organs with ambisexual characters, and was most effective when administered at an early growth stage. The results could be attributed to the natural steroid content of the carp ovary. The total weight of treated animals at the end of the farm experiment was 84·7% higher than controls. The specific growth rate for weight was significantly higher in female yellow eels than in males, for both control and treated groups. The enhanced growth was related to induced feminization. A diet supplementation with mature carp ovary could be a good approach to control of sex differentiation and growth in eels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 15 (1959), S. 457-458 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Riassunto Sono stati determinati 14 aminoacidi liberi nell'emolinfa: di cssi acido glutamico, glicina e prolina rappresentano insieme il 50% e più del contenuto totale. Le ninfe verdi contengono meno glicina e acido aspartico e più treonina e fenilalanina in confronto alle ninfe brune. Gli individui adulti mostrano in contenuto relativo di aminoacidi diverso dalle ninfe e fra i due sessi. Somministrazione di triptofano a ninfe brune non ha dato variazioni negli aminoacidi liberi, non aumento dell'aminoacido stesso, né presenza di prodotti del suo metabolismo nel sangue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 11 (1955), S. 333-339 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Very many observations of the structure of the chromosomes in various materials show, without exception, that the chromatids are coiled like springs. This spatial arrangements is of fundamental importance in processes of reproduction and changes in chromosomes (“internal mechanics” ofDarlington), but in many important particulars the opinions of cytologists differ. The comparative study of changes in chromosomes, especially during spermatogenesis and oögenesis, which are described here, permits us to give a general interpretation of the chromatid structure and of the spatial distribution of the chromatids in mitosis and meiosis. The chromatids should be constantly coiled in a “minor” spiral. The uncoiling of such spirals could be observed in some cases only, e.g., in nuclei of growing oöcytes. In this the chromomeres are visible. The chromomeres commonly described should be the coils of the “minor” spiral, distributed irregularly along the axis of the chromosomes, perhaps in relation to the distribution of true chromomeres and to the characteristics of the matrix. The constancy of the “minor” coil and the fact that chromatid reproduction takes place at the interphase, makes it very likely that in chromosomes with two or four chromatids there is always paranemic coil. The same spatial arrangement of the chromatids should have followed meiotic pairing. In most cases this type of structure is confirmed by the changes in the chromosomes, which precede the separation of the daughter chromosomes at meta-anaphase, and it is in better agreement with the mechanisms of chromosomes reproduction.
    Notes: Conclusioni Numerosissime osservazioni sulla struttura dei cromosomi in materiali diversissimi dimostrano concordemente che i cromatidi sono avvolti secondo un'elicoide. Questa disposizione spaziale ha un'importanza fondamentale nei processi di riproduzione e di trasformazione dei cromosomi («internal mechanics» diDarlington); ma, in molti particolari di importanza notevole, le opinioni dei citologi sono contrastanti. L'esame comparativo delle trasformazioni cromosomiche, sopratutto nella spermatogenesi e nell'oogenesi, che sono state qui esposte, ci permette di dare un'interpretazione generale sulla struttura cromatidica e sulla disposizione spaziale dei cromatidi nella mitosi e nella meiosi. I cromatidi sarebbero costantemente avvolti secondo un'elicoide «minor». Lo svolgimento di tale elicoide si osserverebbe soltanto in alcuni casi, ad es. nei nuclei degli oociti in accresimento. In questi sono visibili i veri cromomeri. I cromomeri comunemente descritti sarebbero invece giri dell'elicoide «minor», distribuiti irregolarmente lungo l'asse del cromosoma in relazione forse alla distribuzione dei veri cromomeri ed alle caratteristiche della matrice. La costanza dell'avvolgimento elicoidale «minor» ed il fatto che l'autoriproduzione cromatidica avviene nell'interfase, rendono molto verosimile che nei cromosomi a due o quattro cromatidi si formino sempre degli avvolgimenti paranemici. La stessa disposizione spaziale dei cromatidi si avrebbe in seguito all'appaiamento meiotico. Questo tipo di struttura nella maggior parte dei casi è confermato dalle trasformazioni cromosomiche, che precedono la separazione meta-anafasica dei cromosomi figli, ed è quella che probabilmente meglio concorda coi meccanismi di riproduzione cromosomica.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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