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  • 2000-2004  (12)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of Soy Protein Concentrate Produced by Membrane Ultrafiltration (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 67 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The functionality of membrane processed soy concentrate was very similar to soy flour in terms of solubility and water hydration capacity. The high emulsifying activity index of soy flour is believed to be reflective of its higher solubility, while surface hydrophobicity is believed to be responsible for an equally high emulsifying activity index in acid precipitated soy isolate. The proteins of soy flour and membrane soy concentrate seem to have most of their hydrophobic residues buried in the interior, while they are exposed in acid precipitated soy isolate. Heating resulted in a decrease in solubility but improved the hydration capacity and emulsifying activity of both soy flour and membrane soy concentrate. The essential amino acid profile of concentrate was comparable to current commercial isolates manufactured by acid precipitation. The majority of the polypeptides present in soy flour were observed to be present in the concentrate. The membrane soy concentrate was determined to have the least soybean aroma when compared to both soy flour and acid precipitated soy isolate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2002.tb10299.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lesion-dependent regulation of transgene expression in the rat brain using a human glial fibrillary acidic protein-lentiviral vector (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 19 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The ability to regulate transgene expression will be crucial for development of gene therapy to the brain. The most commonly used systems are based on a transactivator in combination with a drug, e.g. the tetracycline-regulated system. Here we describe a different method of transgene regulation by the use of the human glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) promoter. We constructed a lentiviral vector that directs transgene expression to astrocytes. Using toxin-induced lesions we investigated to what extent transgene expression could be regulated in accordance with the activation of the endogenous GFAP gene. In animals receiving excitotoxic lesions of the striatum we detected an eightfold increase of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing cells. The vast majority of these cells did not divide, suggesting that the transgene was indeed regulated in a similar fashion as the endogenous GFAP gene. This finding will lead to the development of lentiviral vectors with autoregulatory capacities that may be very useful for gene therapy to the brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0953-816X.2003.03147.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Autonomic Denervation After the Maze Procedure (2003)
    350 Main Street , Malden , MA 02148-5018 , USA . : Blackwell Futura Publishing, Inc.
    Pacing and clinical electrophysiology 26 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: LÖNNERHOLM, S., et al.: Autonomic Denervation After the Maze Procedure. The Maze III procedure is a surgical operation for curative treatment of AF. The procedure is extensive, however, with multiple incisions in both atria, and its effects on autonomic regulation of the heart rhythm are not known. This study comprises 17 patients, 10 with paroxysmal AF and 7 with chronic AF, who had no concurrent cardiac disease known to affect heart rate variability (HRV). A 24-hour Holter recording was performed preoperatively and 2 months (early) and 7 months (late) after surgery, for analysis of HRV in the time and frequency domains. Early after the Maze procedure all HRV components were markedly reduced compared to baseline (mean ± 1 SD): SDNN 73 ± 13 versus 148 ± 50 (ms), total power 168 ± 126 versus 560 ± 1567 (ms2), low frequency (LF) power 47 ± 67 versus 826 ± 677 (ms2), high frequency (HF) power 47 ± 40 versus 678 ± 666 (ms2), and LF:HF 1.22 ± 0.9 versus 2.55 ± 1.4 . Late after the Maze procedure all variables were still reduced. Only total power increased significantly between early and late follow-up ( 168 ± 126 vs 496 ± 435 ms2). Late after Maze surgery, values of the different HRV components did not differ between the patients with paroxysmal AF and chronic AF. Early after the Maze procedure there is a marked decrease of all HRV components, which is maintained 7 months after surgery, a pattern consistent with denervation of the heart. (PACE 2003; 26[Pt. I]:587–592)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9592.2003.00098.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pain caused by photodynamic therapy of skin cancer (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical and experimental dermatology 27 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2230
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Pain resulting from photodynamic therapy (PDT) of skin cancer was investigated. The study included 69 lesions (60 patients) with different types of skin tumours or precursors. Protoporphyrin IX, which is produced by the topical application of δ-aminolevulinic acid, was used as a photosensitizing agent. Twenty-three of the lesions (19 patients) were examined with a fluorescence imaging system which demarcates the tumour area from the healthy skin and visualizes the contrast between the fluorescence from healthy skin and that from the tumour. EMLA® is used on all patients as part of our routine PDT protocol but despite this the major side-effect of PDT is pain during treatment. There is a large variation in pain intensity experienced by the patients, as measured by a visual analogue scale (VAS). Patients with actinic keratoses experienced more pain than those with Bowen's disease or basal cell carcinoma. The mean VAS score was higher when treating lesions located on the head than when treating lesions on the torso or the extremities. Also, treatment of large skin areas resulted in more pain than treatment of small areas, and men experienced more pain than women. The pain experienced by the patients did not correlate with treatment dose, Fitzpatrick skin type, age or fluorescence intensity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2230.2002.01065.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photodynamic therapy of actinic keratosis at varying fluence rates: assessment of photobleaching, pain and primary clinical outcome (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 151 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background  Although photodynamic therapy (PDT) is becoming an important treatment method for skin lesions such as actinic keratosis (AK) and superficial basal cell carcinoma, there are still discussions about which fluence rate and light dose are preferable. Recent studies in rodents have shown that a low fluence rate is preferable due to depletion of oxygen at high fluence rates. However, these results have not yet been verified in humans.Objectives  The objective was to investigate the impact of fluence rate and spectral range on primary treatment outcome and bleaching rate in AK using aminolaevulinic acid PDT. In addition, the pain experienced by the patients has been monitored during treatment.Patients/methods  Thirty-seven patients (mean age 71 years) with AK located on the head, neck and upper chest were treated with PDT, randomly allocated to four groups: two groups with narrow filter (580–650 nm) and fluence rates of 30 or 45 mW cm−2, and two groups with broad filter (580–690 nm) and fluence rates of 50 or 75 mW cm−2. The total cumulative light dose was 100 J cm−2 in all treatments. Photobleaching was monitored by fluorescence imaging, and pain experienced by the patients was registered by using a visual analogue scale graded from 0 (no pain) to 10 (unbearable pain). The primary treatment outcome was evaluated at a follow-up visit after 7 weeks.Results  Our data showed a significant correlation between fluence rate and initial treatment outcome, where lower fluence rate resulted in favourable treatment response. Moreover, the photobleaching dose (1/e) was found to be related to fluence rate, ranging from 4·5 ± 1·0 J cm−2 at 30 mW cm−2, to 7·3 ± 0·7 J cm−2 at 75 mW cm−2, indicating higher oxygen levels in tissue at lower fluence rates. After a cumulative light dose of 40 J cm−2 no further photobleaching took place, implying that higher doses are excessive. No significant difference in pain experienced by the patients during PDT was observed in varying the fluence rate from 30 to 75 mW cm−2. However, the pain was found to be most intense up to a cumulative light dose of 20 J cm−2.Conclusions  Our results imply that the photobleaching rate and primary treatment outcome are dependent on fluence rate, and that a low fluence rate (30 mW cm−2) seems preferable when performing PDT of AK using noncoherent light sources.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2004.06211.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A PREHISTORIC BREEDING POPULATION OF HARP SEALS (PHOCA GROENLANDICA) IN THE BALTIC SEA (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 20 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The pelagic and gregarious, low Arctic harp seal (Phoca groenlandica) is the most common seal species in most refuse faunas from coastal hunter-gatherer sites dating from the late Atlantic to the early Subboreal period (ca. 4000-2000 cal B. C.) in the Baltic Sea. Our main objective was to examine the migration contra breeding population hypotheses regarding the Baltic harp seals. Analyses of epiphyseal fusion data and osteometry of archeological harp seal remains from 25 dwelling-sites suggest that a local breeding population established itself in the early Subboreal period. In the Middle Neolithic the rookery possibly was situated in the Baltic proper, south of Aland and west of Gotland. The mean adult size of the Baltic harp seals decreased, suggesting minimal genetic exchange with the north Atlantic Ocean population. Genetic drift, interspecific competition, and over-hunting by humans are all factors likely to have contributed to the eventual extinction of harp seals in the Baltic Sea.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2004.tb01143.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Volume measurement of cerebral arteriovenous malformations from angiography (2000)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 42 (2000), S. 697-702 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Malformation, arteriovenous, intracranial ; Radiosurgery ; Embolisation ; Angiography cerebral ; Treatment outcome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We designed software for measuring the volume of cerebral arteriovenous malformations from angiography and validated it against prescription volumes in radiosurgery. We aimed to create a model for the risk for complications as a function of volume, based on established outcome prediction models for Gamma Knife® radiosurgery, but without the need for dose planning. We created an application for computing the volume of cerebral arteriovenous malformations from the intersection of two X-ray cones in stereotactic space. Volume measurements were compared with prescription volumes from dose planning, in phantoms and in patients treated with Gamma Knife® radiosurgery for cerebral arteriovenous malformations. Previous studies of 1128 treated patients were used to calculate the risk for complication as a function of the nidus volume. In 63 patients volumes measured with either method correlated, R2 = 0.85. Volume as measured with the intersecting cone model (ICM) correlated with predicted Gamma Knife® radiosurgery complication rate, R2 = 0.84. The ICM can thus be used for measurement of AVM volumes less than 10 cm3 from angiography. Outcome models from Gamma Knife® radiosurgery may be applied, but with reduced exactness. Standardised AVM volume measurement is valuable for comparing outcome and for quantification of volume reduction after therapy, notably embolisation. Thus the optimal management plan may be selected in conjunction with diagnostic or therapeutic angiography.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002340000374
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pion scalar density and chiral symmetry restoration at finite temperature and density (2000)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 8 (2000), S. 283-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: PACS 14.40.Aq π, K and η mesons – 24.85.+p Quarks, gluons, and QCD in nuclei and nuclear processes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: This paper is devoted to the evaluation of the pionic scalar density at finite temperature and baryonic density. We express the latter effect in terms of the nuclear response evaluated in the random phase approximation. We discuss the density and temperature evolution of the pionic density which governs the quark condensate evolution. Numerical evaluations are performed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100500070111
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessing the impact of taxes on female labor supply using a finite mixture approach (2000)
    Springer
    Empirical economics 25 (2000), S. 279-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-8921
    Keywords: Key words: Heterogeneity in preferences, finite mixtures, female labor supply, taxes, tax simulation ; JEL classification: J22, H24
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract. This paper expands the standard analysis of female labor supply to permit preference heterogeneity by using a finite mixture model. Using the extended model, we obtain theory consistent results whereas a traditional model produces a negative substitution effect. We use our model to illustrate the labor supply effects of a tax reform, corresponding to 1983–1992 changes in the Swedish income-tax schedule. The results shows an expected reduction in tax revenues of about 17%. Finally, we use Monte Carlo simulations and show that our proposed mixture model is robust towards different misspecifications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001819900017
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Intravenous Versus Subcutaneous Immunoglobulin Replacement Therapy (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of clinical immunology 20 (2000), S. 94-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2592
    Keywords: Immunoglobulin ; therapy ; intravenous ; subcutaneous
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To compare the efficacy of immunoglobulin replacement therapy given intravenously versus subcutaneously to prevent infections in patients with primary antibody deficiency syndromes, an international, multicenter, open label, crossover study was designed. Forty patients were randomized to receive either subcutaneous or intravenous immunoglobulin replacement therapy for 1 year. In the second year, patients were switched to the alternative treatment, enabling patients to act as their own controls. Equivalent doses were given by both routes. Ethical approval was obtained from the review boards of the hospitals in which the patients were seen and written consent obtained from each patient. Patients with a primary antibody deficiency syndrome, either common variable immunodeficiency or IgG subclass deficiency or specific antibody deficiency, who required immunoglobulin replacement therapy were included in the study. Patients were excluded if they had significant thrombocytopenia (defined as platelets less than 50 × 109/liter), had high levels of anti-IgA antibodies (defined as greater than 1:8192), or had severe adverse reactions to a blood product within the last 2 years. The primary end point was the number of infections and their severity (moderate and major) during the two treatment periods. Secondary end points were adverse reactions, length of infections, days lost from school or work due to infections, and acceptability of treatment regimens to the patients. Based on the assumption that it was difficult to prove equivalence of therapies statistically in crossover studies, an arbitrary number of 40 patients was selected on the basis that this might be achievable in 2 years. There are no significant differences in efficacy or adverse reaction rates between immunoglobulin replacement therapy given subcutaneously or intravenously.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006678312925
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