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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 72 (2001), S. 744-747 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Monochromatic x-ray imaging with toroidally bent crystals has been applied to investigate critical issues in laser fusion research in collaboration with Jena University [for example, I. Uschmann et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 66, 734 (1995)]. Described in this article is the study on x-ray diagnostics to provide simultaneously time, space, and spectral resolutions for the laser fusion experiments by the use of toroidally bent crystals. A monochromatic x-ray imager was developed, which consists of two sets of identical five bent crystals and a fast x-ray framing camera. The attained spatial resolution of 6 μm, time resolution of 34 ps, and spectral resolution of 10 eV are high enough to observe temporal evaluation and temperature distribution of the laser fusion hot core. In addition, a new x-ray imager with bent crystal was developed to investigate hydrodynamic instabilities occurring in laser-driven planer targets as one of the most critical issues in laser fusion research. The imager was so designed as to match the experiments using rather thick, massive targets irradiated under the same condition as in the high-gain experiments. Configuration and specifications of the imager are presented. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The physics element relevant to the fast ignitor in inertial confinement fusion has been extensively studied. Laser-hole boring with enormous photon pressures into overcritical densities was experimentally proved by density measurements with XUV laser probing. Ultra-intense laser interactions at a relativistic parameter regime were studied with a 50-TW glass laser system and a 100-TW glass laser system synchronized with a long pulse laser system. In the study of relativistic laser beam propagation in a 100-μm scale-length plasma, a special propagation mode (super-penetration mode) was observed, where the beam propagated into overdense regions close to the solid target surface. At the super-penetration mode, 20% of the laser energy converted to energetic electrons toward the target inside, while the coupling efficiency was 40% without the long scale-length plasmas. The high-density energetic electron transport and heating of solid material was also studied, indicating beamlike propagation of the energetic electrons in the solid target and effective heating of solid density ions with the electrons. Based on these basic experimental results, the heating of imploded plasma by short-pulse-laser light with three different ways of injecting the heating pulse has been studied. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 30 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: summary  To statistically evaluate the factors that influenced masticatory performance following Maxillectomy, masticatory performance was measured in 43 patients with a post-operative prosthesis by means of a spectrophotometer using adenosine triphosphate (ATP) granules. Our statistical analysis revealed that the number of occluding post-canine teeth and the patient's sex were factors that influenced masticatory performance and demonstrated that it was most important to improve occlusion in the pre-molar/molar region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 257 (2000), S. 199-204 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Key words Chronic sinusitis ; Interleukin-8 ; Human nasal epithelial cells ; Macrolide antibiotics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Low-dose, long-term macrolide treatment has recently been reported to be very effective in patients with chronic airway diseases. We examined the in vivo and in vitro effects of 14-membered macrolide antibiotics erythromycin (EM) and clarithromycin (CAM) on interleukin (IL)-8 secretion from human nasal epithelial cells. Fifteen patients with chronic sinusitis received macrolide treatment (CAM 400 mg/day) for 1 to 3 months. The number of infiltrated neutrophils and IL-8 concentrations in the nasal discharges of these patients decreased significantly at 1 to 2 months after the treatment. In vitro effects of EM and CAM on IL-8 secretion were examined in nasal epithelial cells cultured at the air-liquid interface. After 14-day culture in the air-liquid interface, macrolide antibiotics were added in medium for 24 h. EM and CAM at concentrations of 10–4 M did not affect spontaneous secretions or IL-1β-induced secretions of IL-8 either apically or basolaterally. When cells were preincubated with 10–4 M CAM for 7 days, the IL-1β-induced secretion of IL-8 decreased significantly. However, no difference was observed between the effects of 10–4 M CAM and 10–4 M josamycin, a 16-membered macrolide. These results suggest that macrolide treatment inhibits neutrophil infiltration and IL-8 secretion in nasal epithelium in vivo and that these clinical effects depend on a mechanism other than the direct action of macrolide on nasal epithelial cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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