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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Melanoma targeting by melanocortin peptides: current status and future perspectives (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd/Inc
    Experimental dermatology 13 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0625
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Melanoma tumour targeting was investigated with radiolabelled α-MSH peptides and with α-MSH derivatives attached to large carriers such as liposomes. The main focus of this paper will be current targeting concepts of melanoma (α-melanoma tumour diagnosis and internal radiotherapy) using α-MSH peptides for specific delivery of diagnostic and therapeutic radiometals. Several new α-MSH analogues (MSH1-n) were synthesized in our laboratory and conjugated to 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclo-dodecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA), a universal metal chelator. The resulting DOTA-MSH1-n derivatives were found to retain good binding capacity to the melanoma cell MC1 receptor (MC1R) in the low nanomolar range. In vivo tissue distribution of 5 µCi [111In]-labelled DOTA-MSH in female B6D2F1 mice with intracutaneous B16F1 melanoma tumours and with micrometastases in the lung and liver demonstrated that the radioligands accumulated specifically in the tumour tissue, reaching a maximum, for example with DOTA-MSH4, of 9.43 ± 1.06% I.D./g 4-h postinjection. Co-injection of an excess of α-MSH (50 µg) blocked the MC1Rs and hence reduced the 4-h tumour uptake by an average of 90%, which indicates that radioligand uptake by the melanoma tumours was a receptor-mediated process. Blood clearance was very rapid and 4 h after injection, the blood-associated radioactivity was as little as 0.03 ± 0.00% I.D./g. This was associated with a fast elimination of the radioactivity from all MC1R-negative tissues, except the kidneys which serve as main excretory organ. The ratios of radioactivity in melanoma tissue to that in non-target tissues 4 h after injection were all above 10 and often greater than 100, except for the kidneys. The identification of radiopeptide structures yielding reduced retention of radioactivity by the kidneys but nevertheless excellent tumour uptake is currently the main goal of our studies. The specificity of targeting melanoma metastases using radiolabelled MSH peptides was further analyzed by positron-emission tomography (PET) as well as with autoradiography of tumour tissue sections with surrounding healthy tissue after in vivo injection of the radiopeptides into tumour-bearing animals: the radioactivity was concentrated exclusively in and localized uniformly throughout the tumour tissue. Non-radioactive approaches to MC1R-mediated melanoma targeting include cytotoxic MSH–peptides, MSH–carrier conjugates and MSH–liposome constructs. A brief summary of the current state of the different approaches including their advantages and disadvantages will be presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0906-6705.2004.00212l.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sustainability in teacher training courses in a sample of German universities (2000)
    Bingley : Emerald
    International journal of sustainability in higher education 1 (2000), S. 280-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-6370
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Education
    Notes: This paper presents the main results of a recently completed empirical research project that focused on the concept of a sustainable development dimension in the context of teacher training courses at universities in the state of Northrhine-Westphalia, Germany. In addition, some measures aimed at supporting the implementation and dissemination of the task of a sustainable development in higher education are suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/1467630010378185
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Somatostatin analogue scintigraphy in Merkel cell tumours (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 148 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Background Merkel cell tumours are rare neoplasms of the skin with frequent regional and distant metastases. Scintigraphy with the radiolabelled somatostatin analogue octreotide is a possible method for in vivo localization of the primary tumour and its metastases. Objectives To estimate the diagnostic value of indium111-octreotide scintigraphy (Octreoscan®) in detecting metastases. Methods Scans of 11 patients with Merkel cell carcinoma were evaluated, in whom scintigraphy was performed in addition to the conventional investigations, chest X-ray, ultrasonography and computed tomography (CT). Results In four cases metastases were found both by scintigraphy and by conventional methods; two investigations showed a suspicious accumulation of radioactivity on scintigraphy that could not be confirmed by CT and clinical progression. In three cases CT-verified metastases were not found by scintigraphy. Two patients were found to be tumour free, i.e. free of metastases by scintigraphy and conventional methods, indicating true-negative results. Conclusion These data confirm that scintigraphy with the radiolabelled somatostatin analogue octreotide is not clinically helpful in detecting metastases from Merkel cell carcinoma. In this relatively small sample the method generated false-positive or false-negative results in five of 11 cases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05338.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pyruvate Formate Lyase (PFL) and PFL Activating Enzyme in the Chytrid Fungus Neocallimastix frontalis: A Free-Radical Enzyme System Conserved Across Divergent Eukaryotic Lineages (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 51 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Fermentative formate production involves the activity of pyruvate formate lyase, an oxygen-sensitive enzyme that employs a glycyl radical in its reaction mechanism. While common among anaerobic prokaryotes, this enzyme has so far been found in only two distantly related eukaryotic lineages, anaerobic chytridiomycetes and chlorophytes. Sequence comparisons of homologues from the chytridiomycetes Piromyces and Neocallimastix, the chlorophyte Chlamydomonas, and numerous prokaryotes suggest a single, eubacterial origin of eukaryotic pyruvate formate lyases. Pyruvate formate lyase activating enzyme introduces the glycyl radical into the pyruvate formate lyase protein chain. We discovered this enzyme, which had not previously been reported from eukaryotes, in the same two eukaryotic lineages and show that it shares a similar evolutionary history to pyruvate formate lyase. Sequences with high homology to pyruvate formate lyase activating enzyme were identified in the genomes of the anaerobic protozoan parasites Trichomonas vaginalis, Entamoeba histolytica, and Giardia intestinalis. While the occurrence of pyruvate formate lyase activating enzyme together with pyruvate formate lyase in fungi and chlorophytes was to be expected, the target protein of a glycyl radical enzyme-activating enzyme in these protozoa remains to be identified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.2004.tb00394.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Archaebacterial Relationships of the Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase Gene Reveal Mosaicism of Giardia intestinalis Core Metabolism (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 48 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: . A gene encoding a putative GTP-specific phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase has been cloned and sequenced from the type I amitochondriate protist Giardia intestinalis. The deduced amino acid sequence is related most closely to homologs from hyper-thermophilic archaebacteria and only more distantly to homologs from Eubacteria and Metazoa. Most enzymes of Giardia core metabolism, however, are related more closely to eubacterial and metazoan homologs. An archaebacterial relationship has been noted previously for the unusual acetyl-CoA synthetase (ADP-forming) of this organism. The results suggest that phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and acetyl-CoA synthetase have been acquired from different sources than most enzymes of Giardia core metabolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.2001.tb00184.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolutionary biology Essence of mitochondria (2003)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 426 (2003), S. 127-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] All known life-forms are either prokaryotes or eukaryotes; there is nothing in between. Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and compartments that are surrounded by two membranes, but prokaryotic cells never do. The prokaryotes came first; eukaryotes (all plants, animals, fungi and protists) evolved ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/426127a
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spike train dynamics predicts theta-related phase precession in hippocampal pyramidal cells (2002)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 417 (2002), S. 738-741 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] According to the temporal coding hypothesis, neurons encode information by the exact timing of spikes. An example of temporal coding is the hippocampal phase precession phenomenon, in which the timing of pyramidal cell spikes relative to the theta rhythm shows a unidirectional forward ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature00808
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Goodness-of-Fit Tests for the Cauchy Distribution Based on the Empirical Characteristic Function (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics 52 (2000), S. 267-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9052
    Keywords: Goodness-of-fit test ; Cauchy distribution ; empirical characteristic function ; kernel transformed empirical process ; stable distribution ; uniformly most powerful invariant test
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Let X 1,...,X n be independent observations on a random variable X. This paper considers a class of omnibus procedures for testing the hypothesis that the unknown distribution of X belongs to the family of Cauchy laws. The test statistics are weighted integrals of the squared modulus of the difference between the empirical characteristic function of the suitably standardized data and the characteristic function of the standard Cauchy distribution. A large-scale simulation study shows that the new tests compare favorably with the classical goodness-of-fit tests for the Cauchy distribution, based on the empirical distribution function. For small sample sizes and short-tailed alternatives, the uniformly most powerful invariant test of Cauchy versus normal beats all other tests under discussion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004113805623
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in pediatric patients with chromosomal breakage syndromes (AT and NBS): Experience from the BFM trials (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 141-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Keywords: AT ; ataxia teleangiectasia ; Nijmegen-Breakage Syndrome (NBS) ; non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background:Lymphoma and leukemia are the commonest malignantdiseases in patients with chromosomal breakage syndromes and immunodeficiency(Ataxia teleangiectasia (AT) and Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS)). Withimproved management of infections, malignant disease is more frequentlydiagnosed and has become one of the commonest causes of death in pediatric ATand NBS. Patients and methods:In three consecutive multicenter therapytrials for pediatric non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) (NHL-BFM), 1569 patientswith newly diagnosed NHL have been registered between 1986 and 1997. Ninepatients with AT (n = 5) and NBS (n = 4) were identified andanalysed. Results:Median age of patients with AT and NBS at diagnosis ofNHL was nine years. NHL-entities differed from non-AT/NBS-patients: diffuselarge B-cell lymphomas, n = 7 (78%); ALCL, n = 1;lymphoblastic T-cell lymphoma, n = 1. Cervical nodes, paranasalsinuses and epipharynx were the sites most frequently involved. Stages were:I and II in three patients, III in five and IV in one patient. All patientsreceived polychemotherapy according to tumor-entity and stage, none receivedradiation. Dose reductions according to individual tolerance concerned mainlyethotrexate, alkylating agents and epipodophyllotoxines. One patient died oftoxic complications, two patients relapsed and died, one patient suffered fromsecond malignancy. Five of nine patients are in 1. CCR after a medianfolluow-up of five years. Conclusions:Patients with AT and NBS suffer from rare entitiesof pediatric NHL. Curative treatment is possible and should be attempted.Intensity of therapy should be adjusted to individual risk factors andtolerance. Alkylating agents, epipodophyllotoxines should be omitted, dose ofMTX should be limited to 1 g/m2. Further cooperative trials usingstandardized approaches are required.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008391923792
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flow cytometric characterization of lesional T cells in psoriasis: intracellular cytokine and surface antigen expression indicates an activated, memory/effector type 1 immunophenotype (2000)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 292 (2000), S. 519-521 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Key words Psoriasis ; T cells ; Immunophenotypic characterization ; CXCR3 ; Cytokines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004030000167
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