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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clinical applications of functional MRI at 1.0 T: motor and language studies in healthy subjects and patients (1999)
    Springer
    European radiology 9 (1999), S. 211-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Functional MRI ; 1.0 Tesla ; Motor studies ; Language studies ; Presurgical mapping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. In this article we describe clinical applications of functional MRI (fMRI) at 1.0 T. All experiments were performed on a commercially available 1.0-T system (Magnetom Impact Expert, Siemens AG, Erlangen, Germany) using a blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD)-sensitive multi-slice EPI technique (TE 66 ms, 4 mm slice thickness, 210 mm field of view, 64 × 64 acquisition matrix). Different paradigms for localization of the motor cortex and for language lateralization were tested in healthy subjects and patients. Methodological considerations concerning the development of the paradigms are also described. In all healthy subjects, motor activation elicited BOLD signal changes in the sensorimotor cortex, permitting identification of primary motor and sensory cortical areas. Furthermore, focal activation of different cortical areas by a language task was possible in 6 of 10 subjects. Nineteen motor studies were performed in 18 patients with supratentorial lesions, in most cases prior to neurosurgical procedures. In 14 studies, fMRI results demonstrated the localization of the motor hand areas relative to the lesion. The results proved valuable for preoperative planning and contributed to therapeutical decisions. We conclude that functional MRI for clinically relevant applications, such as localization of motor and language function, is feasible even at a field strength of 1.0 T without dedicated equipment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003300050658
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of afferent feedback on isometric fine force resolution in humans (1997)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 113 (1997), S. 207-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Isometric finger force ; Sensorimotor integration ; Vibration ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The influence of afferent feedback on isometric fine force resolution was studied in humans. Subjects performed the smallest possible isometric flexion force increments with the index finger while visual, cutaneous, and muscle spindle feedback conditions were varied. In the control conditions with visual feedback, isometric force resolution was finest and independent of cutaneous or muscle spindle feedback. In the absence of visual cues, force resolution was significantly coarser. When agonist muscle spindles were vibrated (100 Hz and 150 Hz), fine force resolution capabilities declined further. Diminution of cutaneous feedback per se did not affect fine force resolution. However, the effect of agonist vibration was attenuated when full cutaneous feedback was available. We conclude that in voluntary isometric contractions the degree of fine force resolution depends on the type of afferent feedback available for calibrating central motor commands. Visual feedback is more powerful than spindle feedback, which is more efficient than cutaneous feedback. The extent to which the central motor command itself contributes to the sensation of force is indirectly implied by reproducible, yet coarser force resolution levels when peripheral information is minimized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02450319
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regional cerebral blood flow increases during preparation for and processing of sensory stimuli (1997)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 116 (1997), S. 309-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Key words Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography ; Cerebral blood flow velocity ; Somatosensory stimuli ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Preparing for and processing of sensory stimuli are energy-requiring processes. We attempted to assess the relative contributions of these processes to increases in regional cerebral perfusion. Nineteen healthy right-handed subjects were examined while they were engaged in detecting tactile stimuli to the index finger 5 s after a cueing tone. Cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) modulations in the middle cerebral arteries (MCAs) were continuously measured by bilateral simultaneous transcranial Doppler ultrasonography. Tactile stimuli well above threshold per se did not produce a significant, relative CBFV increase in the contralateral MCA. However, when subjects were expecting a threshold tactile stimulus, there was a significant regional increase in CBFV in the hemisphere contralateral to the attended index finger for approximately 15 s, starting within the first seconds after the cueing. This increase was present even before the tactile stimulus was applied and also in sessions when the stimulus was omitted. We conclude that preparation of the cortex causes a stronger regional cerebral blood flow increase than the processing of the tactile stimulus itself.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00005758
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Melanoma targeting by melanocortin peptides: current status and future perspectives (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Publishing Ltd/Inc
    Experimental dermatology 13 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0625
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Melanoma tumour targeting was investigated with radiolabelled α-MSH peptides and with α-MSH derivatives attached to large carriers such as liposomes. The main focus of this paper will be current targeting concepts of melanoma (α-melanoma tumour diagnosis and internal radiotherapy) using α-MSH peptides for specific delivery of diagnostic and therapeutic radiometals. Several new α-MSH analogues (MSH1-n) were synthesized in our laboratory and conjugated to 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclo-dodecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA), a universal metal chelator. The resulting DOTA-MSH1-n derivatives were found to retain good binding capacity to the melanoma cell MC1 receptor (MC1R) in the low nanomolar range. In vivo tissue distribution of 5 µCi [111In]-labelled DOTA-MSH in female B6D2F1 mice with intracutaneous B16F1 melanoma tumours and with micrometastases in the lung and liver demonstrated that the radioligands accumulated specifically in the tumour tissue, reaching a maximum, for example with DOTA-MSH4, of 9.43 ± 1.06% I.D./g 4-h postinjection. Co-injection of an excess of α-MSH (50 µg) blocked the MC1Rs and hence reduced the 4-h tumour uptake by an average of 90%, which indicates that radioligand uptake by the melanoma tumours was a receptor-mediated process. Blood clearance was very rapid and 4 h after injection, the blood-associated radioactivity was as little as 0.03 ± 0.00% I.D./g. This was associated with a fast elimination of the radioactivity from all MC1R-negative tissues, except the kidneys which serve as main excretory organ. The ratios of radioactivity in melanoma tissue to that in non-target tissues 4 h after injection were all above 10 and often greater than 100, except for the kidneys. The identification of radiopeptide structures yielding reduced retention of radioactivity by the kidneys but nevertheless excellent tumour uptake is currently the main goal of our studies. The specificity of targeting melanoma metastases using radiolabelled MSH peptides was further analyzed by positron-emission tomography (PET) as well as with autoradiography of tumour tissue sections with surrounding healthy tissue after in vivo injection of the radiopeptides into tumour-bearing animals: the radioactivity was concentrated exclusively in and localized uniformly throughout the tumour tissue. Non-radioactive approaches to MC1R-mediated melanoma targeting include cytotoxic MSH–peptides, MSH–carrier conjugates and MSH–liposome constructs. A brief summary of the current state of the different approaches including their advantages and disadvantages will be presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0906-6705.2004.00212l.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of 1-alkynyl(phthalocyaninato)iron(II) and -ruthenium(II) complexes
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 445 (1993), S. 157-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-328X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0022-328X(93)80202-M
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuronale Plastizität am Beispiel des somatosensorischen Systems (1999)
    Springer
    Der Nervenarzt 70 (1999), S. 889-898 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Neuronale Plastizität ; Reorganistation ; Somatosensorisch ; Phantom ; Amputation ; Magnetenzephalographie ; Schmerz ; Kortex ; Key words Neural plasticity ; Reorganization ; Somatosensory ; Phantom ; Amputation ; Magnetoencephalography ; Pain ; Cortex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The mammalian brain is capable of a substantial functional reorganization, manifesting on a cortical somatotopical and on a behavioral level. Possible mechanisms are reviewed based on the work by others and ourselves on somatosensory reorganization in humans. The somatosensory system is characterized by divergent projections from the periphery to the cerebral cortex. Changes in synaptic weights allow for reorganization of sensory processing: On one side, limb amputation will result in a representational “invasion” of the deafferentated cortex from neighboring regions with concomitant perceptual changes. On the other side, sensorimotor training can increase the representational cortical zone of a limb. Plastic changes can be temporary or persistent. Modulating factors like pain and certain drugs seem to induce a permissive state in the cortex resulting in enhanced reorganization. Thus, specific physical training combined with pharmacoceutical modulation holds promise to improve functional recovery after brain lesions.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Das menschliche Gehirn ist zu massiver funktioneller Reorganisation fähig. Anhand von Ergebnissen der eigenen Arbeitsgruppe und einer Literaturübersicht werden die Grundlagen und Mechanismen dieser Plastizität am Beispiel des somatosensorischen Systems beschrieben. Sensible Bahnen mit ihren Relais-Stationen verlaufen in einander überlappenden Projektionen von der Peripherie zur Hirnrinde. Durch Veränderung synaptischer Gewichtungen können sich funktionelle Hirnkarten umorganisieren und dementsprechend veränderte Wahrnehmungen hervorrufen. Einerseits können z.B. nach einer Gliedmaßenamputation die benachbarten Repräsentanzen des somatosensorischen Homukulus in den deafferenzierten Kortexabschnitt “einwandern”. Andererseits führt sensomotorisches Training einer Gliedmaße zu einer Vergrößerung der zugehörigen kortikalen Repräsentation. Diese Plastizität kann kurzlebig oder anhaltend und damit irreversibel sein. Plastizität ist darüber hinaus modulierbar. So können Schmerzen aber auch Pharmaka zu einer Verstärkung der funktionellen Umorganisation führen. Die Kombination von physiotherapeutischem Training und pharmakologischer Modulation kann die Funktionserholung nach Gehirnläsionen steigern.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001150050592
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Facilitation of somatosensory evoked potentials by exploratory finger movements (1993)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 95 (1993), S. 330-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Somatosensory processing ; Somatosensory ; evoked potentials ; Microneurography ; Movement ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Modification of somatosensory processing depending on the behavioral setting was studied. Active alternating movements of the fingers, passive tactile stimuli to the hand, and active exploration of objects were performed during recording of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs). SEPs were elicited by compound electrical median nerve stimulation and electrical stimulation at detection threshold of cutaneous median nerve fascicles identified by microneurography. Electrical stimulation was not time-locked to the studied condition. In comparison with SEPs at rest there was attenuation of early cortical potentials up to 25 ms post-trigger in all nonresting conditions. In stimulation of the compound median nerve as well as of isolated cutaneous fascicles of a hand actively exploring an object there was an additional increased negativity, peaking at 28 ms. This facilitory effect was independent of attentional focusing and was absent during exploration using the ipsilateral, non-electrically stimulated hand. In patients with parietal lesions the facilitatory effect was diminished on the affected side. Spline interpolated brain maps at this latency based on 32channel recordings in healthy volunteers showed a shift of local contralateral positive maximum from frontal to parietal during exploration, indicating enhancement of a tangential dipole. It is suggested that in conditions involving close sensorimotor interaction such as exploratory hand movements there is preactivation of a cortical area which is located in the central sulcus and receives cutaneous somatosensory inputs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00229790
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phantom-limb pain as a perceptual correlate of cortical reorganization following arm amputation (1995)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 375 (1995), S. 482-484 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A brief telephone interview was used to obtain information about the amount of phantom-limb pain in 65 upper-limb ampu- tees. This information served as the sole basis for the selection of a representative sample of 13 subjects with widely varying degrees of ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/375482a0
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistology of temporal arteritis: phenotyping of infiltrating cells and deposits of complement components (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 238 (1991), S. 181-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Temporal arteritis ; Polymyalgia rheumatica ; Artery biopsies ; Immunoglobulins ; Complement system ; Infiltrating cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Deposition of complement factors, immunoglobulins and infiltrating cells was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining in 30 temporal artery biopsy specimens from patients suffering from temporal arteritis and/or polymyalgia rheumatica and in controls. In the temporal arteritis group infiltrating cells, classic complement, alternative complement and lytic complex activation were detected. In specimens from patients suffering from only polymyalgia rheumatica there was unexpected evidence of classic complement and lytic complex activation. We conclude that immuno-histochemistry provides support for the concept of temporal arteritis and polymyalgia being based on the same pathological process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00319687
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