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Notizen: Background Epidemiological surveys have shown that the prevalence of asthma in the Asian population is relatively low. Within the Chinese population, schoolchildren from Hong Kong were found to have the highest rate of asthma.Objective To compare the prevalence of respiratory and atopic disorders, and to assess the role of atopy in the development of asthma, in Chinese schoolchildren from Hong Kong, Beijing and Guangzhou.Methods Community-based random samples of schoolchildren aged 9–11 years from three Chinese cities (Hong Kong, Beijing and Guangzhou) were recruited for study using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Phase II protocol. Subjects were studied by parental questionnaires (n = 10902), skin-prick tests (n = 3479) and skin examination (n = 3479).Results The prevalence rates of current wheeze, speech limiting wheeze, rhinoconjunctivitis and flexural dermatitis were significantly more common in Hong Kong than in Beijing or Guangzhou. The atopy rate was also higher in Hong Kong (41.2%) than in Beijing (23.9%) or Guangzhou (30.8%). Atopy was strongly correlated with current wheeze (OR 7.74; 95% CI = 5.70–10.51). Subgroup analyses of children from Hong Kong revealed that children born in mainland China who had subsequently migrated to Hong Kong had a significantly lower rate of allergic symptoms and atopy than those children born in Hong Kong.Conclusion Using a standardized written questionnaire along with a skin prick test and skin examination, we confirmed that the prevalence of asthma, allergic diseases and atopy was highest in schoolchildren from Hong Kong. Atopic sensitization is an important factor associated with asthma in Chinese children.

Notizen: Background Asthma is a common health problem affecting patients of all ages. Because of the ease of sampling, epidemiological studies have concentrated mainly on the paediatric and general population.Objective This study aimed to determine the prevalence of wheeze, bronchial hyper-responsiveness and asthma amongst our elderly population and deduce any clinical and laboratory risk factors that might identify elderly asthmatics at an earlier stage.Methods Two thousand and thirty-two elderly Chinese aged ≥ 70 years, randomly selected from a registered list of all recipients of Old Age and Disability Allowances in Hong Kong, were administered a questionnaire on lung health. Two hundred and fifty subjects were invited to attend our laboratory for skin tests and pulmonary function tests and 179 agreed. Of these, 173 (96.6%) and 176 (98.3%) had eosinophil count and serum IgE levels measured, respectively. Two definitions of asthma were used: (1) bronchial hyper-responsiveness (BHR) plus current wheeze, and (2) history of wheezing without previous diagnostic labels of emphysema or chronic bronchitis.Results Fifteen patients (out of 179: 8.4%) reported wheezing over the past 1 year. Fifty-one patients (28.5%) demonstrated BHR on spirometry or histamine challenge tests. Seven patients had both symptoms of wheezing and evidence of BHR. The prevalence of asthma using this definition is therefore 3.9% (95% CI 1.6–7.9%). Nine patients had symptoms of wheezing without previous diagnostic labels of chronic bronchitis or emphysema and, using this definition, the prevalence is 5.0% (95% CI 2.3–9.3%). Using multiple logistic regression studies, sex, social class, age, smoking habits, serum IgE levels and eosinophil counts did not predict a diagnosis of asthma using either definition. We found no association between a positive skin test and any respiratory symptoms or illnesses including asthma.Conclusion Wheeze, bronchial hyper-responsiveness and asthma are prevalent amongst our elderly population. However, there were no identifiable demographic and laboratory risk factors in this study that may help us predict a diagnosis of asthma.

Notizen: Background Many studies have reported an increase in the prevalence of asthma and related atopic disorders. The lack of standardized methodologies and ‘objective’ measurements make reliable comparison and monitoring of trends of asthma very difficult.Methods In this study, a total of 3321 schoolchildren aged 13–14 years were recruited for study using the Phase III Protocol of the International Study of Asthma and Allergic discase in Childhood (ISAAC). The results were compared with those obtained in the Phase I ISAAC study (1994–95), which used the identical and validated core questionnaires.Results The prevalence rates of physicians' diagnosis of asthma were similar in the two surveys (11.2% and 10.2%), but the prevalence rates of wheeze (written questionnaire) in the past year have decreased from 12.4% in 1994–95 to 8.7% in 2002 (P〈0.001). For the video questionnaire, all asthmatic symptoms in the preceding 12 months were significantly lower in 2002 when compared with those in 1994–95. Among the subjects with diagnosed asthma, the prevalence rates of wheeze in the past 12 months (written questionnaire) has decreased from 39.1% to 27.6% (P〈0.001). The prevalence rates of having wheezing attack at least once per month (video questionnaire) has decreased from 10.5% to 5.6% (P=0.013).Conclusion Using the same standardized and validated ISAAC questionnaire, the prevalence rates of asthma symptoms in Hong Kong Chinese schoolchildren have decreased since 1994. The exact reasons for such trend remain to be explored.