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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    π*–σ* hyperconjugation mechanism on the rotational barrier of the methyl group (I): Substituted toluenes in the ground, excited, and anionic states (2000)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 113 (2000), S. 2168-2174 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We theoretically investigate the internal rotations of the methyl group in substituted toluenes such as fluorotoluene (-F), toluidine (-NH2), cresol (-OH), and tolunitrile (-CN) in the ground, excited, and anionic states. The calculated rotational barriers reproduce well the experimental data. Orbital pictures are given for the barrier variations by excitation and electron attachment. An idea of π*–σ* hyperconjugation is introduced for a comprehensive interpretation of the barrier variations. The π*–σ* hyperconjugation mechanism clarifies the differences among ortho-, meta-, and para-systems, between π-electron donating and accepting substituents, and between first and second excited (anionic) states. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.482029
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of plasma uniformity on JT-60U negative ion source : The 8th international conference on ion sources (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 755-757 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The negative ion source developed at JAERI for the N-NBI was intended to accelerate a 500 keV, 22 A D− beam for 10 s. Two of these ion sources are mounted in the beamline. It has been found that the spatial uniformity of the source plasma is not as good as expected in the design phase of the negative ion sources for JT-60U. The source plasma uniformity has been estimated through measuring spatial distributions of the arc current flowing into each filament group and also the ion saturation current with Langmuir probes placed at ten positions around the extraction area of the plasma grid. We then altered the relative values of the arc current-limiting resistors to the eight filament groups in each source to balance the arc. As a result of the optimization of the arc resistors, the nonuniformity of the source plasma has been reduced. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1150284
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Age-related changes in skin wrinkles assessed by a novel three-dimensional morphometric analysis (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 147 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Background A system has been developed whereby the morphology of the skin surface can be evaluated directly in three dimensions. This system employs a non-invasive device that utilizes white light of halogen origin, and which allows the computation of wrinkle depth and width, and other parameters of skin surface morphology. Using innovative engineering, an optical system has been devised so that light is transmitted via a slit and can be used to measure not only replicas of the skin but also the skin surface directly. The measurement area is 6·4 × 6·4 mm, and the theoretical resolution with a × 50 magnification lens is within 12·5 µm. Objectives To use this system to study age-related changes in the morphology of wrinkles at the eye corner areas of women of varying ages. Methods One hundred and one healthy women (age range 20–80 years) residing in the Tokyo area were the subjects used in this study. Results Wrinkles demonstrated a rapid increase in depth in women aged 40 years or older, and plateaued at the age of 60 years. Surface morphology parameters yielded results similar to those of age-related changes in wrinkles. Conclusions This new analytical system provides a rapid and convenient non-invasive method to evaluate skin surface morphology in three dimensions, especially with respect to wrinkle formation. The results obtained using this system provide a deeper insight into the mechanistic relationship between wrinkles and skin elasticity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2002.04874.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of gravity on surface temperatures of plant leaves (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 26 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A fundamental study was conducted to develop a facility having an adequate air circulation system for growing healthy plants over a long-term under microgravity conditions in space. To clarify the effects of gravity on heat exchange between plant leaves and the ambient air, surface temperatures of sweet potato and barley leaves and replica leaves made of wet paper and copper were evaluated at gravity levels of 0.01, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 g for 20 s each during parabolic aeroplane flights. Thermal images were captured using infrared thermography at an air temperature of 26 °C, a relative humidity of 18% and an irradiance of 260 W  m−2. Mean leaf temperatures increased by 0.9–1.0 °C with decreasing gravity levels from 1.0 to 0.01 g and decreased by 0.5 °C with increasing gravity levels from 1.0 to 2.0 g. The increase in leaf temperatures was at most 1.9 °C for sweet potato leaves over 20 s as gravity decreased from 1.0 to 0.01 g. The boundary layer conductance to sensible heat exchange decreased by 5% when the gravity decreased from 1.0 to 0.01 g at the air velocity of 0.2 m s−1. The decrease in the boundary layer conductance with decrease in the gravity levels was more significant in a lower air velocity. Heat exchange between leaves and the ambient air was more retarded at lower gravity levels because of less sensible and latent heat transfers with less heat convection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.2003.00980.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Remnant of vitelline duct causing intestinal obstruction after commencement of CAPD (2000)
    Springer
    Clinical and experimental nephrology 4 (2000), S. 356-359 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-7799
    Keywords: Key words Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis ; Vitelline duct ; Intestinal obstruction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A 64-year old Japanese man began to experience intermittent epigastralgia, nausea, and vomiting just after commencing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Fourteen months after commencing CAPD, he had an intestinal obstruction. Because enhanced radiographs of the small intestine revealed that the occluded site was near the umbilicus, it was suggested that a remnant of the vitelline duct had adhered to and occluded the small intestine. Conservative treatment for the intestinal obstruction was not effective, and laparotomy was then performed. During the laparotomy, the first finding was a remnant of ligament-like vitelline duct connecting the protruding umbilicus and the small intestine. The second finding was that the small intestine was twisted around the remnant of the ligament-like vitelline duct at an angle of about 180° and completely occluded the intestine. Before the patient commenced CAPD, the remnant of the vitelline duct was asymptomatic, but it became symptomatic and finally caused intestinal obstruction after he commenced CAPD. This clinical course strongly suggested that the cue for the bowel obstruction caused by the remnant was the commencement of CAPD. This is the first report, to our knowledge, mentioning the relationship between CAPD and a remnant of the vitelline duct.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s101570070016
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Endometrial carcinoma in women under 40 years of age: incidence of ovarian carcinoma and ovarian metastasis (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of clinical oncology 5 (2000), S. 109-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-7772
    Keywords: Key words Endometrial carcinoma ; Younger women ; Ovarian carcinoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background. Patients under 40 years of age with endometrial carcinoma were compared with patients aged 40 years or more in terms of clinical and histopathological characteristics. Methods. One hundred and fifty-three patients with endometrial carcinoma who had their initial treatment in our hospital between 1980 and 1996 were divided into two groups; those under 40 years of age (group A) and those 40 years or more (group B). They were compared in terms of clinical stage, histological differentiation, degree of myometrial invasion, existence of lymph-vascular invasion, incidence of ovarian carcinoma with endometrial carcinoma, incidence of ovarian metastasis, treatment methods, and prognosis. Results. Fourteen patients (9.2%) were in group A and 139 patients (90.8%) in group B. There were no significant differences in the proportion of stage I patients in the two groups, but the proportion of stage IV patients was significantly higher in group A (P 〈 0.005). There were no significant differences in histological differentiation, degree of myometrial invasion, and the existence of lymph-vascular invasions. The incidence of ovarian carcinoma with endometrial carcinoma was 21.4% for group A and 2.2% for group B, being significantly higher in group A (P 〈 0.005). The incidence of simultaneous ovarian carcinoma with endometrial carcinoma was 14.2% for group A and 1.4% for group B, being significantly higher in group A (P 〈 0.05). The incidence of ovarian metastasis of endometrial carcinoma in groups A and B was 14.2% and 2.9% respectively, showing no significant difference. The incidence of either ovarian carcinoma with endometrial carcinoma or ovarian metastasis of endometrial carcinoma was significantly higher in group A (35.7%) than in group B (5%; P 〈 0.0005). There were no significant differences in the 5-year survival rates. Conclusion. Women aged under 40 years had a significantly higher incidence of ovarian carcinoma associated with endometrial carcinoma and a significantly higher incidence of either ovarian carcinoma with endometrial carcinoma or metastasis of endometrial carcinoma to the ovary than women aged 40 years or more. The 5-year survival rate showed no difference between the groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s101470050100
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