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  • 2000-2004  (25)
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Year
Keywords
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Anaesthesist 49 (2000), S. 25-28 
    ISSN: 1432-055X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter ; Koronarsinusdilatation ; perioperative transösophageale Echokardiographie ; persistierende linke obere Hohlvene ; Kardioanästhesie ; Herzchirurgie ; Key words ; Dilated coronary sinus ; Perioperative transesophageal echocardiography ; Persistent left superior vena cava ; Cardiac anaesthesia ; Cardiac surgery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract A 36-year old woman was presented to our hospital with congenital ventricular septal defect and one-vessel coronary artery disease (75% proximal left main coronary artery) for CABG and repair of the VSD. After induction, a transesophageal echocardiographic (TEE) baseline examination was performed, showing a severely dilated coronary sinus (CS) measuring approximately 3 cm (abnormal 〉1 cm). We suggested a persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) draining into the CS. PLSVC is a common venous congenital anomaly, with a reported incidence of 0.5% in general population and in 3–5 % of patients with congenital heart defect. Injection of echo-contrast solution in a left arm vein, visualizing microbubbles passing through the PLSVC into the CS confirmed our suspicion. The diagnosis of a PLSVC and dilated CS is a contraindication for retrograde cardioplegia because of the loss of cardioplegia into the PLSVC resulting in a inadequate myocardial protection. It may be difficult to pass a pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) through a left internal or left subclavian vein and it may be associated with arrythmias. A chest radiograph shows the anomalous course of the PAC along the left heart.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Eine 36jährige Frau, mit einem kongenitalen Ventrikelseptumdefekt (VSD) und einer koronaren 1-Gefäßerkrankung (75% Hauptstammstenose) wurde unserem Krankenhaus zur Koronarbypassoperation und Verschluß des VSD zugewiesen. Nach der Narkoseeinleitung führten wir eine transösophageale echokardiographische Basisuntersuchung durch. Es zeigte sich ein deutlich dilatierter Koronarsinus (CS) von ca. 3 cm Durchmesser (abnormal 〉1 cm). Man vermutete eine persistierende linke obere Hohlvene (PLSVC), die sich in den CS drainiert. Die PLSVC ist eine venöse kongenitale Annomalie mit einer Inzidenz von 0,5% in der Normalbevölkerung und von 3–5% bei Patienten mit kongenitalen Herzerkrankungen. Nach Injektion von Echokontrastmittel über eine linke Armvene zeigten sich sog. Microbubbles im CS und bestätigten unsere Verdachtsdiagnose. Die Diagnose einer PLSVC und eines dilatierten CS gilt als eine Kontraindikation für die retrograde Kardioplegie, da es über die PLSVC zum Verlust von Kardioplegie, mit daraus resultierender unzureichender Kardioprotektion kommt. Die Plazierung eines Pulmonalarterienkatheters über die linke V. jugularis interna oder die linke V. subclavia kann erschwert sein und zu Herzrhythmusstörungen führen. Eine Röntgenthoraxaufnahme zeigt den ungewöhnlichen Verlauf des PAK entlang des linken Herzschattens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: In this study, we examined changes in the event-related potential (ERP) to stimuli with and without reproductive significance occurring during the menstrual cycle. Eleven spontaneously cycling women were tested during three menstrual phases (menses, ovulatory phase, luteal phase) differing in plasma concentrations of gonadal hormones. ERPs were recorded while subjects were presented with slides showing pictures from four different stimulus categories (sexual stimuli, babies, people occupied with body care, ordinary people). Slides were presented randomly in the context of two tasks, requiring either affective processing (i.e., to judge the emotional content of a slide as positive, neutral, or negative) or structural processing (i.e., to estimate the number of parallel thin lines inserted in each picture). Menstrual phase primarily affected a late positive component (LPC) peaking 550–600 ms poststimulus. The effects were as follows: (i) During the ovulatory phase, amplitude of the LPC to sexual stimuli was larger than that evoked by the other stimulus categories. (ii) This relationship was not apparent during the other menstrual phases or (iii) during the ovulatory phase when the task required structural processing. The ovulatory increase in LPC positivity to sexual stimuli suggests a greater valence of these stimuli during a phase of increased sexual desire. The data indicate a specific effect of the menstrual cycle on the processing of sexual stimuli that increases with deeper emotional processing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background There is an increasing need for allergen inhalation systems to perform basic clinical research and test anti-allergic drugs under well-controlled conditions. This requires stability of environmental conditions like temperature and humidity, as well as allergen concentration and reproducible induction of allergic symptoms.Objective The aim of this study was to validate an environmental exposure unit for controlled human pollen inhalation studies in participants with seasonal allergic rhinitis.Methods Temperature, relative humidity, and air flow rate were kept constant with an air conditioning system. Pollen atmosphere was generated using a specially designed feeding system and monitored online by laser counter and offline using rotating rod samplers. Efficacy (total nasal symptom score, nasal air flow rate, nasal secretion) and safety (lung function) parameters were evaluated at different pollen concentrations and repeated allergen challenges.Results Temperature, humidity, and air flow rate in the environmental exposure unit remained constant within a range of 〈2%. The spatial distribution and the temporal stability of the pollen concentration varied only slightly over 4 h (±10% and 〈4%, respectively). Dose-dependent induction of allergic rhinitis symptoms, reduction in nasal air flow rate, and increase in nasal secretion were observed over time. These effects were reproducible from day to day. Lung function remained clinically normal at all concentrations and from day to day.Conclusions Thus, pollen exposure in the environmental exposure unit is an effective, reproducible, safe, and suitable method for single-centre clinical studies on the efficacy of anti-allergic treatment or basic clinical research.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) is an eosinophilic basic protein, which leads to increased permeability and damage of bronchial epithelial cells in asthma.Objective As little is known about its local expression and release in humans the intracellular expression in lung and peripheral eosinophils and the concentrations of EPO in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and serum was investigated in patients with asthma.Methods Twelve mild atopic asthmatic and nine control subjects underwent segmental sham and allergen challenge. EPO concentrations in BAL fluid and serum were determined by immunoassay and flow cytometry was used to determine the intracellular expression of EPO in BAL-derived and peripheral eosinophils.Results In asthmatic patients a large increase in BAL eosinophils – total cells: median 9.5 × 106 (range: 0.5 to 455.0 × 106); relative: 38% (1 to 91%) – was detectable 24 h following allergen challenge, but peripheral blood eosinophil counts did not change. Concentrations of EPO in BAL fluid increased from 1 µg/L (1.0 to 6.8 µg/L) to 42 µg/L (5.6 to 379.6 µg/L; P 〈 0.01) after allergen but not after saline challenge (1.5 µg/L; 1.0 to 21.9 µg/L), whereas in control subjects all measurements were below the detection limit. Serum concentrations of EPO increased slightly from 18.3 µg/L (3.0 to 56.8 µg/L) to 27 µg/L (3.8 to 133.9 µg/L; P 〈 0.05) 24 h after allergen challenge in asthmatic patients. Furthermore, the intracellular expression of EPO (measured as mean fluorescence intensity) was decreased in BAL eosinophils compared with blood eosinophils (mean fluorescence intensity 29 (7 to 71) vs. 48 (20 to 85); P 〈 0.01) after allergen challenge.Conclusion The finding of increased EPO concentrations in the BAL fluid and decreased intracellular EPO expression in pulmonary eosinophils of asthmatic patients reflects the allergen-triggered release of EPO into the bronchial space.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A variety of extracellular serine proteases are expressed in the central nervous system or might permeate the blood–brain barrier under pathological conditions. However, their intracerebral targets and physiological functions are largely unknown. Here, we show that four distinct subtypes of protease-activated receptors (PARs) are abundantly expressed in the adult rat brain and in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures. PAR-1 expression was significant in the hippocampus, cortex and amygdala. Highest densities of PAR-2 and PAR-3 were observed in hippocampus, cortex, amygdala, thalamus, hypothalamus and striatum. Apart from the striatum, a similar localization was found for PAR-4. Within the hippocampal formation, each PAR subtype was predominantly localized in the pyramidal cell layers. Additionally, we identified PAR-2 in mossy fibers between dentate gyrus and CA3, PAR-3 in the subiculum and PAR-4 in CA3 and in mossy fibres as well as in the stratum lacunosum moleculare. After exposing hippocampal slice cultures to a severe experimental ischemia (oxygen–glucose deprivation), the expression of PARs 1–3 was up-regulated with subtype-specific kinetics. The localization of PARs in brain regions particularly vulnerable to ischemic insults as well as distinct alterations in the expression pattern after experimental ischemia support the notion of an important role of extracellular serine proteases and PARs in cerebral ischemia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Electrical and chemical kindling induces sprouting of the mossy fibre system and potentiation of evoked field potentials in the dentate gyrus. It has been postulated that such changes may also be induced by repeated induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) with tetanic stimulation of the perforant pathway. LTP was induced in rats chronically implanted with stimulation electrodes in the ipsilateral and contralateral angular bundles and with a recording electrode in the ipsilateral dorsal dentate gyrus. The animals were stimulated 10 times on 10 consecutive days but with different tetanization strengths. Sprouting of the mossy fibres terminating in the CA3 region was significantly induced only in the group of ‘strongly’ tetanized animals, but not in that of ‘weakly’ tetanized animals, or in low-frequency stimulated animals. Additionally, a novel form of potentiation which was previously found in pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-kindled animals was also observed in the group of ‘strongly’ and ‘weakly’ tetanized rats. Differences in duration of this potentiation were found between the two groups of animals tetanized with different strengths. The results further demonstrate that morphological and functional changes in the hippocampus, similar to those seen after kindling, can also occur in an activation paradigm leading to long-lasting synaptic plasticity but not accompanied by seizure activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 695-703 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We present a detailed numerical study of the electromigration-induced shape evolution of quasi-two-dimensional (cylindrical) voids in metallic thin films. The problem is treated within a continuum formulation which takes into account mass transport along surfaces, current crowding, and crystal anisotropy in the surface mobility. Finite strips with periodic boundary conditions in the current direction are treated as well as voids in infinite or semi-infinite films. For the strip geometry, it is shown that the linear instability of the strip edge can induce the release of voids into the interior of the film, while edge voids develop into fatal slits only in the presence of moderate (not too strong) crystalline anisotropy. Distorted voids in an infinite film typically disintegrate, but the breakup scenario is qualitatively different in isotropic and anisotropic media. A rigid boundary attracts voids and may also induce void breakup. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 84 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Many ceramic injection molding vehicles include semicrystalline polymers which characteristically adopt a spherulitic growth morphology. Usually the spherulites are rendered invisible by the opacity of the ceramic powder but in this study they are clearly visible. Polyoxymethylene (POM), has been used as the vehicle. The growth of the spherulites is shown to be dependent on cooling rate and hence on position in the molding. Furthermore, migration of low molecular weight additives by syneresis is shown to occur and to influence the crack path in the as-molded state. An unusual composite fractograph is shown in which fracture faces made after molding, after binder removal, and after sintering are contiguous. Only after molding does the crack path follow the spherulite boundaries; behavior that is also widely reported for unfilled POM.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: The increased production of nerve growth factor (NGF) has been associated with allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and enhanced airway inflammation in experimental models of asthma. The aim of this study was to investigate whether a local application of anti-NGF to the lungs may affect the allergen-specific early (EAR) and late (LAR) airway responses to ovalbumin (Ova) of Ova-sensitized brown Norway rats.Methods: Rats were sensitized systemically with Ova and were boosted twice intratracheally with Ova aerosol using a microsprayer. Two hours before every boost, the animals were pretreated either with aerosolized anti-NGF or with a control antibody. On day 21, all animals were challenged with inhalational Ova aerosol and pulmonary resistance was recorded in anesthetized, orotracheally intubated animals during the early and late asthmatic responses. In addition, differential cell counts from bronchoalveolar lavage and serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels were determined 48 h post-Ova challenge.Results: Pretreatment with anti-NGF significantly attenuated the EAR but had no significant effect on the LAR. Serum IgE levels and inflammatory cell influx into the lungs were not affected by anti-NGF pretreatment.Conclusion: The data from this study suggest that NGF is directly involved in the development of the EAR without affecting the inflammatory airway response or LAR.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1439-0426
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: This paper provides comparative information on the reproductive biology of the alfonsino, Beryx splendens Lowe, 1834, species with commercial interest in the Azores, Madeira and the Canary Islands. A total of 846 individuals from Azores (14.0–42.0 cm fork length), 621 from Madeira (17.2–50.0 cm fork length) and 643 from the Canaries (18.2–38.9 cm fork length) were used for the study. The alfonsino is gonochoric with no evidence of sexual dimorphism. Females are more abundant than males; this dominance probably reflects certain differences in the spatial distribution and/or the catchability of males and females in the Macaronesian archipelagos. The spawning season was distinct for the three Macaronesian areas, with an observed North–South variation in the reproductive period: September–March in the Azores, March–June in Madeira and July–September in the Canary Islands. The size at sexual maturity estimated for Madeira and the Canary Islands is similar (32 and 30 cm fork length, respectively), while for the Azores it is reached at smaller length (23 cm fork length). The differences observed in the size at sexual maturity can be explained by the different exploitation levels in each archipelago. Life-history parameters of the alfonsino suggest that this species has a specialistic life-history strategy and fisheries based on this species are more susceptible to growth overfishing and population depletion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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