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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidenzbasierte Medizin – Von der Evidenz-Produktion zu ihrer Nutzung (2000)
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie 59 (2000), S. 38-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 0340-1855
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Evidenzbasierte Medizin – Evidenzbasierte¶Gesundheitsversorgung –¶Kritische Bewertung –¶Leitlinien – Qualitätssicherung ; Key words¶Evidence-based medicine –¶evidence-based health care –¶critical appraisal –¶guidelines – quality assurance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Evidence-based medicine (EBM) and evidence-based health care (EBHC) is one answer to the increasing need for quality and transparency in the care of individual patients as well as health care services. Using explicit and sound methodological criteria, EBM and EBHC question current management strategies for their effectiveness and usefulness to individual patients and patient groups. This approach therefore supports the implementation of rational patient-oriented care.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Dem zunehmenden Bedürfnis nach mehr Qualität und Transparenz in der individuellen Patientenversorgung wie den Leistungen im Gesundheitssystem kommen die Konzepte der evidenzbasierten Medizin und der evidenzbasierten Gesundheitsversorgung entgegen, die anhand von klaren und transparenten Kriterien die verfügbaren Handlungsstrategien im Gesundheitswesen kritisch auf Wirkung und Nutzen für den einzelnen Patient und Patientengruppen untersuchen. Damit liefert diese Methode einen wichtigen Beitrag für die Umsetzung einer rationalen Medizin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003930050005
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ziele und Methoden klinischer Studien (2000)
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für Rheumatologie 59 (2000), S. 41-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 0340-1855
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Bias –¶Confounding – Studiendesign –¶kontrollierte klinische Studie –¶Beobachtungsstudie ; Key words Bias – confounding –¶study design –¶controlled clinical trial –¶observational studies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The validity of clinical patient-oriented research is always threatened by the influence of bias, confounding factors or random effects that might distort the results. However, the susceptibility to distortion varies between different study designs. The best protection against spurious relationships or distorted results are specific focused research questions and rigorous integration of sound study methodology during the design and performance phase.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei der klinischen Patienten-orientierten Forschung spielen bekannte und unbekannte Faktoren, die durch Bias, Confounding und Zufall Einfluß auf das Ergebnis nehmen können, eine nicht unerhebliche Rolle. Die gängigen Studientypen sind dieser Gefahr in unterschiedlichem Maße ausgesetzt. Nur durch die Bearbeitung fokusierter Fragestellungen und eine konsequente Integration methodischer Regeln aus der klinisch-epidemiologischen Forschung in der Planungs- und Durchführungsphase läßt sich falschen Ergebnissen angemessen vorbeugen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003930050006
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamic visual acuity during linear acceleration along the inter-aural axis (2000)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 257 (2000), S. 193-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Key words Linear acceleration ; Inter-aural axis ; Visual ; vestibular interaction ; Dynamic visual acuity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We investigated visual-vestibular interactions during linear acceleration along the inter-aural axis. Eighteen healthy volunteers and two patients with central neurological diseases were subjected to transaural linear acceleration in the direction of gravity force (frequency: 0.5–1.5 Hz; amplitude: 5 cm). During linear acceleration, eye movements were recorded under three test conditions: eyes closed (EC), while staring at an imaginary target (IT) and during the testing of dynamic visual acuity (DVA). As parameters of evaluation we used the amplitude of horizontal eye movements, phase shift and the decrease of DVA threshold (DVAT). Under all test conditions, eye amplitude increased with rising stimulus frequency and exceeded, especially in the higher frequency range, a hypothetically calculated eye amplitude for smooth pursuit. The combination of a visual and vestibular input (DVA and IT) led to a better compensation (lower phase shift) than under vestibular stimulation alone (EC). Eye movements during low-frequency stimulation depended more on the visual system while responses in the higher frequency range were mainly triggered by the otolith organ. At 1.5 Hz the compensatory function of the visual-vestibular system was limited (rising phase shift) and DVAT decreased even in a significant number of healthy subjects. Patients with diseases of the central nervous system showed a higher phase shift and thus a stronger decrease of DVAT (two levels) already at a stimulus frequency of 1.25 Hz.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004050050221
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The localization of an imaginary target under the influence of caloric vestibular stimulation in healthy adults (2000)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 257 (2000), S. 473-479 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Key words Imaginary target ; Visual vestibular ¶interactions ; Caloric testing ; Pointing error
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract It is well known that fixation of an imaginary target (IT) can influence the vestibulo-ocular reflex, but reports on the effect of peripheral vestibular stimulation on the localization of an IT are still lacking. In a prospective study, errors in pointing towards an IT without and after cold caloric vestibular stimulation (VS) were investigated in 24 right-handed volunteers with the head tilted backwards by 60°. After the stationary target had been extinguished for 120 s each subject had to point towards the target position as remembered in darkness. The vestibular response was recorded by electronystagmography. Without VS 73% of the volunteers showed a systematic horizontal pointing error towards the right side. VS led to an increased horizontal pointing error in the direction of the slow phase of the induced nystagmus and the degree of deviation showed a significant (P = 0.001) positive correlation (r = 0.32) with the amplitude of the calorically induced nystagmus. In summary, an IT is not merely a useful visual stimulus for influencing the vestibulo-ocular reflex during linear and angular acceleration. A peripheral vestibular stimulation is itself able to change the position of an IT significantly and the extent of deviation shows a significant correlation with the amplitude of the evoked nystagmus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004050000269
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of ethanol on dynamic visual acuity during vertical body oscillation in healthy volunteers (2000)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 257 (2000), S. 485-489 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Key words Alcohol ; Dynamic visual acuity ; Vertical linear acceleration ; Maculo-ocular-reflex ; Vertical body-movements
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Visual orientation is the most important sensory input during locomotion (e.g. walking, driving a car, riding a bicycle). We investigated dynamic visual acuity (DVA) during vertical body-oscillations (amplitude 5 cm; frequency 1.5 Hz) in 12 healthy subjects before and twice after ethanol consumption. During oscillation, vertical eye movements were recorded under two test conditions: with eyes closed (EC) and during DVA testing. A significant increase in vertical eye-amplitude after ethanol ingestion occurred only during EC tests, as a possible sign of vestibular hyperreaction. During vestibular stimulation alone (EC), ethanol did not affect the phase shift between stimulus and eye movements. However, when the subjects were given an additional visual stimulus (DVA), the post-alcohol phase shift rose significantly. Surprisingly, the post-alcohol phase shift values for the two test conditions showed no significant differences. After ethanol ingestion we found no changes in static visual acuity but a significant loss of DVA. Volunteers with a change of DVA threshold (DVAT) showed significantly (P = 0.004) higher post-alcoholic changes in the phase shift. In summary, low doses of ethanol disturbed the visually guided oculomotor response during fixation of an earth-fixed target while the observer was subject to linear vertical acceleration. This effect led to an increasing delay between the beginning of body and eye movements. The consequence was an increasing phase shift and thus a decrease in DVA during whole-body oscillation which was comparable to movements during human locomotion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004050000260
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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