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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of magnetic field on the electrodeposition of Fe, Co into the pores of anodic film on aluminum (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 6185-6187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Ferromagnetic Fe or Co was electrodeposited into the pores in aluminum anodic oxide film to produce a magnetic anodic film, and the effects of magnetic field during electrodeposition on the deposition characteristics of the metals and coercivity of the produced anodic film were investigated. Fe was electrodeposited into the pores in anodic film using a mixed solution (pH=3.8) of FeSO4(NH4)SO4.6H2O (0.20 mol/l) and H3BO4 (0.48 mol/l) at 20 °C with constant applied voltage of 10 V, and Co using a mixed solution (pH=4.5) of CoSO4,7H2O (0.10 mol/l) and H3BO4 (0.48 mol/l). It has been found that for the Fe-deposited anodic film the coercivity increased with increasing length of deposited Fe particles and decreased with increasing diameter (or porosity). The application of magnetic field during electrodeposition of Fe had little influence on the coercivity of the anodic film. For the Co-deposited anodic film the coercivity increased with increasing length of deposited Fe particles and increased unexpectedly with increasing diameter. The perpendicular coercivity of the Co-deposited anodic film was significantly increased by the application of magnetic field during the electrodeposition. The unexpected coercivity increase with diameter and the increase of the perpendicular coercivity of Co-deposited film by the application of magnetic field were closely related to the preferred orientation of Co crystals in the anodic film. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.372650
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Back illuminated AlGaN solar-blind photodetectors (2000)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 77 (2000), S. 1900-1902 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report the growth, fabrication, and characterization of AlxGa1−xN (0≤x≤0.60) heteroepitaxial back-illuminated solar-blind p-i-n photodiodes on (0001) sapphire substrates. The group III-nitride heteroepitaxial layers are grown by low-pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition on double polished sapphire substrates using various growth conditions. The back-illuminated devices exhibit very low dark current densities. Furthermore, they exhibit external quantum efficiencies up to 35% at the peak of the photoresponse (λ∼280 nm). Improvements were made to the growth technique in order to achieve crack-free Al0.4Ga0.6N active regions on a thick Al0.6Ga0.4N window layer and to obtain activated p-type Al0.4Ga0.6N layers. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1311821
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diffusion barrier and electrical characteristics of a self-aligned MgO layer obtained from a Cu(Mg) alloy film (2000)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 77 (2000), S. 2192-2194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Diffusion barrier characteristics and electrical properties of self-aligned MgO layers obtained from a Cu(Mg) alloy film have been investigated. Self-aligned surface and interfacial MgO layers were formed upon annealing a Cu(Mg) film in an oxygen ambient and prevented interdiffusion of Cu in SiO2 up to 700 °C. The thermal stability of a pure Cu/TiN/Si multilayer system has been significantly enhanced up to 800 °C by the MgO layers by forming a MgO/Cu/MgO/TiN/Si multilayer system. A combined structure of Si3N4(500 Å)/MgO(100 Å) increased the breakdown voltage up to 20 V from 15 V and reduced the leakage current density down to 3×10−9 A/cm2 from 1×10−8 A/cm2 compared to a pure copper system. Consequently, the deposition of Cu(Mg) alloy followed by annealing in an oxygen ambient gives rise to the formation of a self-aligned MgO layer with excellent diffusion barrier and electrical characteristics and the film can be applied as a gate electrode in thin-film transistor/liquid-crystal displays, resulting in a reduction of process steps. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1314879
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Is slow nail growth a risk factor for onychomycosis? (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical and experimental dermatology 29 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2230
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: This study was carried out to determine whether slow nail growth is a predisposing factor for onychomycosis or if onychomycosis results in slow nail growth. Forty-nine patients with unilateral onychomycosis of the great toenail were enrolled and classified in two groups according to the size of affected area, i.e. more than half or less than half of the toenail. The growth rates of affected and unaffected great toenails of all patients were measured. Before a normal appearance was reached, the growth rates of affected great toenails, when the affected area occupied more than half of total nail plate, was slower than that of the unaffected great toenails. After a normal appearance was achieved, there were no differences in growth rates between affected and unaffected great toenails. Therefore, this study of patients with unilateral toenail onychomycosis did not support the hypothesis that slow nail growth rate is a predisposing factor for onychomycosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2230.2004.01543.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microstructure Characterizations of Hypereutectic Al-Si Alloys with Different Undercooling Levels (2004)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 449-452 (Mar. 2004), p. 169-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Microstructural variation is quantitatively characterized by measured undercooling. For neareutectic Al-13wt%Si alloys, microstructure transitions, which include a phase change from eutectic to primary α-Al dendrite plus eutectic and a morphological change from α-Al dendrite to equiaxed Al grains, were observed with increasing undercooling levels. For hypereutectic Al-Si alloys, microstructure transitions, which include a morphological change of primary and eutectic Si crystals, were also obtained quantitatively by increasing undercooling
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/08/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.449-452.169.pdf
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Taste Sensitivity of Insect Herbivores to Deterrents is Greater in Specialists Than in Generalists: A Behavioral Test of the Hypothesis with Two Closely Related Caterpillars (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 26 (2000), S. 547-563 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Heliothis virescens ; Heliothis subflexa ; caterpillar ; diet breadth ; deterrent compound ; feeding behavior ; postingestive toxicity ; plant secondary metabolite
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Sensitivity of caterpillars of Heliothis virescens, a generalist, and H. subflexa, a specialist, to eight different plant secondary compounds was examined behaviorally. The compounds were nicotine hydrogen tartrate, hordenine, caffeine, sinigrin, linamarin, arbutin, chlorogenic acid, and salicin. All compounds deterred feeding, at least at the higher concentrations, but the generalist was less affected than the specialist. Thus the hypothesis that specialists have greater sensitivity to deterrents than generalists was supported. In most cases deterrence occurred on first encounter, indicating that the response was sensory; in some cases short-term postingestive effects also appeared to play a role. The larger quantities of deterrent-containing food ingested by H. virescens sometimes resulted in measurable postingestive effects during the second control test. This did not occur in H. subflexa, which more commonly rejected the deterrent-containing food on first contact. The contrast between the species is discussed in relation to tradeoffs involved in different diet breadths.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005430010314
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of a novel transfructosylating enzyme from Bacillus macerans EG-6 (2000)
    Springer
    Bioprocess engineering 23 (2000), S. 11-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 0178-515X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  A new bacterium producing a novel transfructosylating enzyme was isolated from soil and designated as Bacillus macerans EG-6. Various culture conditions for enzyme production were optimized in a flask culture. 1% (w/v) sucrose as a carbon source and a mixed nitrogen source (1% yeast extract, 1% polypeptone, and 0.5% ammonium chloride) gave the best enzyme production. Addition of phosphate and magnesium ion into the medium enhanced the enzyme yield. Optimum culture pH and temperature were 7.0 and 37 °C, respectively. Under optimal culture conditions, transfructosylating enzyme was rapidly produced in the early growth period, thereafter invertase activity was predominant as the culture proceeded. Using the culture filtrate, production of fructooligosaccharides from sucrose was preliminarily carried out. In a low sucrose concentration (200 g/l), transfructosylating activity competes with invertase activity in sucrose utilization. Subsequently, low fructooligosaccharide yield (20%) was achieved due to liberation of high amounts of glucose and fructose. The best oligosaccharide yield (43%) was achieved when 500 g/l sucrose was utilized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004499900078
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fractional ac Josephson effect in p- and d-wave superconductors (2003)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 37 (2003), S. 349-361 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. For certain orientations of Josephson junctions between two p x -wave or two d-wave superconductors, the subgap Andreev bound states produce a $4\pi$ -periodic relation between the Josephson current I and the phase difference $\phi$ : $I\propto\sin(\phi/2)$ . Consequently, the ac Josephson current has the fractional frequency $eV/\hbar$ , where V is the dc voltage. In the tunneling limit, the Josephson current is proportional to the first power (not square) of the electron tunneling amplitude. Thus, the Josephson current between unconventional superconductors is carried by single electrons, rather than by Cooper pairs. The fractional ac Josephson effect can be observed experimentally by measuring frequency spectrum of microwave radiation from the junction. We also study junctions between singlet s-wave and triplet p x -wave, as well as between chiral $p_x\pm ip_y$ -wave superconductors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjb/e2004-00066-4
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantification of carotenoids in cells of Phaffia rhodozyma by autofluorescence (2000)
    Springer
    Biotechnology letters 22 (2000), S. 1031-1034 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6776
    Keywords: carotenoid ; confocal microscopy ; fluorescence ; Phaffia rhodozyma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The distribution and intensity of autofluorescence caused by carotenoids in the yeast Phaffia rhodozyma was examined by laser confocal fluorescence microscopy. Carotenoid contents of individual yeast cells could be calculated from the value of autofluorescence/unit volume of yeast cell. The average level of fluorescence in highly fluorescing yeast cells was 15 mg carotenoid g−1 yeast which was accepted as the maximum yield of carotenoid in P. rhodozyma. The method developed in this study is useful for the research of cell biology associated with the biological functions of carotenoids in individual cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005614010003
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of gravity on the interaction between pore and solid/liquid interface (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 19 (2000), S. 717-719 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006735316744
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