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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The economic emergence of Turkey (2000)
    Bradford : Emerald
    European business review 12 (2000), S. 64-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 0955-534X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: For centuries, Turkey has been the nexus of trade and enterprise in Southeastern Europe. Located between the continents of Europe and Asia, Turkey remains the historical portal of the Eastern and Western worlds. Although rooted in an entrepreneurial spirit, the antiquated trade laws in Turkey hindered the sprawling nation's ability to trade with others. In the late 1980s however, Turkey liberalized its economic legislation, thus enabling the private sector to take the lead in generating growth and employment. This paper examines the evolving Turkish economy through the vehicles of history, the banking system, foreign investments, government apparatuses, and domestic markets and trade policy. Moreover, this paper identifies strategies and market sectors for potential investors. Finally, this paper offers a counterpoint which notes several possible and current economic pitfalls which have and may continue to handicap Turkey in the global marketplace.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09555340010318655
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acute renal failure associated with Legionella pneumonia and acute cholecystitis (2004)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    Nephrology 9 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1797
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background and Aims:  Acute cholecystitis in critically ill patients has a high morbidity and mortality. We observed a number of patients presenting with Legionella pneumonia and acute renal failure who subsequently developed acute cholecystitis. There has previously been no reported association between Legionella pneumonia, renal failure and cholecystitis, prompting this examination of the cases and review of the available literature.Methods:  The Western Hospital patient record discharge codes (DRG) from 1993 to 2001 were searched retrospectively for all cases of Legionella pneumonia or acute renal failure requiring dialysis (ARF) at presentation or during their period of hospitalization. Acute cholecystitis was then included as a cross-search and results analysed.Results:  Twenty-six cases of isolated Legionella pneumonia and 112 of ARF were identified with a further 10 having both conditions simultaneously. Of these 10 cases, three were identified as also having acute cholecystitis. The combination of Legionella pneumonia and ARF was associated with an increased risk of acute cholecystitis (P = 0.002) whereas neither condition in isolation demonstrated this association.Conclusions:  Patients with Legionella pneumonia can become critically ill with multiple complications including acute renal failure requiring dialysis. In this setting, they may have an increased risk of developing acute cholecystitis, which clinically can be difficult to ascertain. Diagnosis requires a high index of suspicion and vigilance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1797.2003.00233.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship between dialysis and nutritional adequacy in haemodialysis patients (2000)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    Nephrology 5 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1797
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The nutritional wellbeing and dialysis adequacy of 57 stable haemodialysis patients (34 males and 23 females) from two satellite dialysis centres were assessed. Nutritional and anthropometric assessment comprised a variety of serological, historical and somatic parameters. A previously validated urea monitor was used to assess dialysis dose (Kt/V) and normalized protein catabolic rate (nPCR). Over 70% were malnourished (19% severely), 60% had a nPCR 〈 1.2 g/kg per day, and 80% failed to reach an adequate energy intake. A close correlation was observed between the various measures of nutritional assessment. Almost half of the group (47%) demonstrated a Kt/V 〈 1.2, with a significantly higher level identified in females (1.3 ± 0.2 vs 1.0 ± 0.2, P 〈 0.05). This was in contrast to the nutritional data where there was an equal sex distribution. A close correlation was found between dialysis adequacy and the different nutritional and anthropometric parameters in subjects with a Kt/V 〈 1.2 (P 〈 0.01 to P 〈 0.001). Males appear to be at higher risk of malnutrition from inadequate dialysis, however, a higher than expected incidence of malnutrition was observed in both sexes who were adequately dialysed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1797.2000.00510.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Haemoglobin response to subcutaneous versus intravenous epoetin alfa administration in iron-replete haemodialysis patients (2004)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    Nephrology 9 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1797
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background:  Numerous prior studies have reported that a substantially higher dose of epoetin is required to maintain haemoglobin (Hb) concentration when patients are switched from a subcutaneous (SC) to intravenous (IV) route of administration. Many of the reported trials, however, involved patients who did not have adequate serum iron levels. It was hypothesized that patients with adequate iron stores who are switched from one route of administration to the other without a change in dose will experience substantially less change in their Hb concentration.Methods:  Haemodialysis patients who were iron replete (ferritin 300–800 µg/L, transferrin saturation (TSAT) 25–50%) participated in a prospective, randomized cross-over trial receiving epoetin for 3 months either by SC or IV injection followed by a further 3 months of epoetin via the other route. The principal aim was to determine changes in Hb concentration without altering the weekly epoetin dose. The secondary aim was to assess whether the frequency of dosing (once, twice or thrice weekly) influenced the Hb concentration response.Results:  Eighty-one patients (mean age 62 years, 60% male) entered the study and 15 withdrew prior to study completion. Forty-three patients began SC epoetin alfa administration (group A) and 38 on IV (group B). Median ferritin and TSAT at entry for groups A and B were 409 and 394 µg/L (NS) and 31 and 32% (NS), respectively, which remained within the target range during the study. Median epoetin doses for groups A and B were similar (90 vs 93 IU/kg per week, NS). After 3 months, the mean Hb concentration rose for group A (SC; 118.7–121.9 g/L (P = 0.03)) but it fell for group B (IV; 119.1–116.0 g/L (P = 0.019)). Following the change in route of administration, the Hb concentration for group A (IV) fell by 5.1% over 3 months (121.9–115.4, P 〈 0.001) and rose by 2.8% for group B (SC) over 3 months (116.0–119.7, P = 0.001). Similar significant changes in the Hb concentration were seen at different dosing frequencies.Conclusion:  Subcutaneuos administration of epoetin produces a significant, although slight clinical change in Hb concentration compared with IV administration in stable, iron replete, haemodialysis patients. A similar effect appears to prevail regardless of the frequency of injections given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1797.2004.00251.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Advances in anaemia management: Current evidence (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Nephrology 7 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1797
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: SUMMARY: Simplicity and sufficiency in the management of renal anaemia were first envisaged with the development and production of recombinant human erythropoietin (epoetin). Recent years, however, have seen the publication of several studies examining the optimal administration of epoetin, the emergence of a new erythropoietic agent (Novel Erythropoietic Stimulating Protein, NESP), recognition of the need for supraphysiological iron levels, and the possible use of many potential adjuvant agents. Together, these factors have made the management of renal anaemia substantially more complex, perhaps even to the point of confusion. the purpose of this review, therefore, is to examine the evidence relating to these factors in order to offer a summary of their known effects on anaemia management, hopefully with some progress towards the initial goals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1797.2002.00092.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PHARMACOKINETICS OF FRAGMIN, CLEXANE AND ORGARAN IN STABLE CHRONIC HAEMODIALYSIS (HD) PATIENTS (2002)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    Nephrology 7 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1797
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1797.2002.00007-1-44.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Target haemoglobin levels for the treatment of the anaemia of chronic renal failure (2000)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    Nephrology 5 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1797
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1797.2000.00006.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monitoring of Enoxaparin Level Using Citrated Clotting Time during Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (2004)
    350 Main Street , Malden , MA 02148 , USA . : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of interventional cardiology 17 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8183
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objectives: To evaluate the use of citrated clotting time (CCT) during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in both emergent and elective scenarios and using intravenous (IV) or subcutaneous (SC) dosing. Background: Monitoring of enoxaparin during PCI had limitations in the past due to lack of point-of-care testing. Introduction of the CCT enables the determination of the degree of anticoagulation by enoxaparin. Methods and Results: An analysis on 51 consecutive patients revealed that after three SC doses (1 mg/kg twice a day) or a single IV bolus (1 mg/kg) of enoxaparin, the CCT was consistently in the therapeutic range of ≥260 seconds (475 ± 105 and 565 ± 151 sec, respectively). Patients who received 〈3 SC doses of enoxaparin were subtherapeutic for PCI. A supplemental IV bolus of 0.3 mg/kg was found always to raise the CCT to therapeutic level (499 ± 178 sec). Conclusions: Enoxaparin was found to be effective and safe during PCI with low vascular complication rate (9.3%). Patients who received 〈3 SC doses of enoxaparin benefit most from using CCT monitoring. IV dosing consistently achieved adequate anticoagulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8183.2004.04030.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic control over grain damage in a spring barley mapping population (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant breeding 123 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0523
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A genetic map was constructed using DNA-based markers in a barley mapping population derived from the cross ‘Tankard’בLivet’, that was developed to explore the genetic control over grain damage in spring barley cultivars. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) were located for husk skinning, gape between the lemma and palea and splitting of the fused pericarp/testa/aleurone tissues. The QTL accounted for 70% of the genetic variation in Split and 60% of the genetic variation in Gape and Skinning. The QTL were clustered on chromosomes 1H, 4H, 5H, 6H and 7H. QTL analysis indicates the possibility of transgressive segregation for grain splitting and so the breeding of lines with more extreme splitting. This is of concern to the malting industry as, without extensive phenotypic assessment, such lines could be commercialized, as was the case of Landlord, and put malting barley supplies at risk. These findings are discussed in relation to the genetic control over traits including grain length and width.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0179-9541.2003.00913.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure and properties of Hughston's stochastic extension of the Schrödinger equation (2000)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 41 (2000), S. 2485-2499 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Hughston has recently proposed a stochastic extension of the Schrödinger equation, expressed as a stochastic differential equation on projective Hilbert space. We derive new projective Hilbert space identities, which we use to give a general proof that Hughston's equation leads to state vector collapse to energy eigenstates, with collapse probabilities given by the quantum mechanical probabilities computed from the initial state. We discuss the relation of Hughston's equation to earlier work on norm-preserving stochastic equations, and show that Hughston's equation can be written as a manifestly unitary stochastic evolution equation for the pure state density matrix. We discuss the behavior of systems constructed as direct products of independent subsystems, and briefly address the question of whether an energy-based approach, such as Hughston's, suffices to give an objective interpretation of the measurement process in quantum mechanics. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.533255
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