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  • 2000-2004  (15)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Association of HLA-DRB1*07 and DRB1*04 to citrus red mite (Panonychus citri) and house dust mite sensitive asthma (2000)
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 30 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Specific IgE responses to allergens provide useful models for evaluating the genetic factors that control human immune responses. A recent survey demonstrated that the citrus red mite (Panonychus citri, CRM) is the most important allergen in the development of asthma in citrus farmers.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate whether susceptibility or resistance to CRM-induced asthma was associated with HLA-DRB1 gene.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉MethodsDNAs were extracted from two groups of unrelated Korean adults living around citrus farms: (1) Ninety-one adults with CRM-sensitive asthma; and (2) 98 exposed, healthy nonatopic controls. Genotypes of HLA-DRB1 alleles were carried out using PCR-based methods.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉ResultsAllelic frequency of HLA-DRB1*07 was higher in the CRM-sensitive asthmatics compared to the controls (17.6% vs 4.1%, Pc = 0.01). Conversely, the frequency of DRB1*04 was lower in the CRM-sensitive asthmatics compared to the controls (19.8% vs 40.8%, Pc = 0.01). No significant difference was found in the distributions of the other HLA-DRB1 gene-encoded antigens between the two groups.〈section xml:id="abs1-5"〉〈title type="main"〉ConclusionHLA-DRB1 genes may be involved in the development of CRM-induced asthma. In addition, HLA-DR7 may increase, and DR4 decrease, the risk of developing the asthma in CRM-exposed adults.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2000.00915.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship between sensitization to citrus red mite (Panonychus citri) and the prevalence of atopic diseases in adolescents living near citrus orchards (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Recent investigations have demonstrated that the citrus red mite (Panonychus citri, CRM) is the most important allergen in citrus fruit farmers with asthma and rhinitis and a common sensitizing allergen in children living near citrus orchards.Objective To evaluate the sensitization rate to CRM and the association between sensitization to CRM and atopic diseases, such as athma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis, in adolescents living in rural areas with citrus orchards.Methods A total of 2005 adolescents (aged from 16 to 18 years) living in rural areas with citrus orchards were enrolled. Subjects were evaluated by a questionnaire and a skin prick test with 11 common aeroallergens including CRM.Results The prevalences of current wheeze, rhinoconjuntivitis, and eczema on the questionnaire were 13.0%, 13.6%, and 8.8%, respectively. On skin prick tests, the most common sensitizing allergen was CRM [20.6%], followed by Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (18.5%), D. farinae (14.6%) and cockroach (9.8%). The prevalence of current eczema was significantly associated with the sensitization to CRM (OR = 1.9, 95% CI 1.3–2.9), although the prevalence of current wheeze and rhinoconjunctivitis was not associated with it. Among adolescents living near citrus orchards, however, the prevalences of current wheeze and rhinoconjuncitivitis were significantly higher in those with sensitization to only CRM than in those without sensitization to any allergens (20.3% vs. 14.1% and 20.3% vs. 15.0%, P 〈 0.05, respectively).Conclusion CRM is the most common sensitizing allergen in adolescents living in rural areas with citrus orchards, and sensitization to CRM was significantly associated with the prevalence of atopic dermatitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2002.01431.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of environmental exposure to spider mites in the sensitization and the clinical manifestation of asthma and rhinitis in children and adolescents living in rural and urban areas (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Spider mites such as the citrus red mite and the two-spotted spider mite have been demonstrated to be important allergens for fruit cultivating farmers.Objective To evaluate the role of environmental exposure to spider mites in the sensitization and the clinical manifestations of asthma and rhinitis in children and adolescents living in urban and rural areas.Methods A total of 16 624 subjects (aged 7 to 18 years) living in urban (metropolitan and non-metropolitan) and rural areas (apple orchards and citrus orchards) in Korea were evaluated by questionnaire and skin prick test for 11 common aeroallergens, including citrus red mite (CRM) and two-spotted spider mite (TSM).Results The positive skin response rates to TSM were 4.2% of 1563 metropolitan subjects, 3.8% of 5568 non-metropolitan subjects and 6.5% of 1464 subjects living nearby apple farms, and that to CRM 15.6% of 8029 living nearby citrus farms. The prevalence of current wheeze and rhinitis as reported on a questionnaire was higher among those with a history of visiting fruit farms once or more per year than among those without it (10% vs. 7.1%, 32.8% vs. 26.7%, for wheezing and rhinitis, respectively). Among those with wheezing or rhinitis, the positive skin responses to TSM or CRM were also higher among those with a history of visiting fruit farms than among those without one (11.2% vs. 6.6%, 13.0% vs. 6.6%, respectively), although the positive skin responses to house dust mites were similar in the both groups.Conclusion Spider mites are common sensitizing allergens in children and adolescents exposed to them, and environmental exposure to these mites may represent an important risk factor in the sensitization and the clinical manifestations of asthma and rhinitis in children and adolescents living in rural and urban areas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2745.2002.01478.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Citrus red mite (Panonychus citri) may be an important allergen in the development of asthma among exposed children (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 31 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Recent investigations have demonstrated that spider mites are important allergens in the development of asthma in fruit-cultivating farmers.Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitization rate to the citrus red mite (Panonychus citri) in children living in rural areas, and to determine the allergenic cross-reactivity with other mites.Methods A total of 7254 children (ages 7–15 years) living in rural areas were enrolled, and each subject was evaluated by a questionnaire and a skin prick test. Allergenic cross-reactivity was evaluated by ELISA inhibition tests.Results The most common sensitizing allergens were house dust mites, followed by citrus red mite and cockroach. High serum-specific IgE bindings to the citrus red mite were detected in 21 of 100 randomly selected subjects. The prevalence of asthma was higher among those with positive skin responses to the citrus red mite than with negative skin responses to this mite. ELISA inhibition tests showed that IgE bindings to this mite were minimally inhibited with additions of domestic mites.Conclusion Spider mites such as the citrus red mite may be important outdoor allergens among children living in rural areas, and spider mite-derived allergens have unique allergenic determinants compared with domestic mites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2001.01056.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electroluminescence at Si band gap energy based on metal–oxide–silicon structures (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 8793-8795 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Room-temperature electroluminescence corresponding to Si band gap energy from metal–oxide–semiconductor structures on both p-type and n-type Si is observed. With very thin oxide grown by rapid thermal oxidation, the metal–oxide–semiconductor structures behave like light emitting diodes. Luminescence is observed under forward bias even with a current density as low as 0.67 A/cm2. The physical reason for the electroluminescence is discussed and attributed to the localized wave function that leads to the spread of momentum. As a result, the spread momentum causes the electron–hole radiative recombination to occur relatively easily. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.373612
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carrier lifetime measurement on electroluminescent metal–oxide–silicon tunneling diodes (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 79 (2001), S. 2264-2266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The temporal response of the electroluminescence at the Si band gap energy from a metal–oxide–silicon (MOS) tunneling diode is used to characterize the minority carrier lifetime near the Si/SiO2 interface. The temporal responses reveal that the Shockley–Read–Hall (SRH) recombination lifetimes are 18 and 25.8 μs for the rising and falling edges, respectively, and that the ratio for SRH, radiative, and Auger recombinations is 1:0.196:0.096 at injection current density of 39 A/cm2. The investigation shows that the electroluminescence of the MOS tunneling diode can be significantly increased by reducing the number of the nonradiative recombination centers. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1405429
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature dependence of the electron–hole-plasma electroluminescence from metal–oxide–silicon tunneling diodes (2000)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 77 (2000), S. 1111-1113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The temperature performance of metal–oxide–silicon tunneling light-emitting diodes was studied. An electron–hole-plasma model can be used to fit all the emission spectra from room temperature to 98 K. At constant voltage bias in the accumulation region, the normalized integral emission intensity slightly increases at low temperature with activation energy as low as 12 meV. From room temperature down to 98 K, the extracted band gaps are ∼80 meV lower than the value of Varshni equation, and the linewidth drops from 65 to 30 meV. The transverse optical and longitudinal optical phonons are involved in the light-emission process due to the reduction of extracted band gaps and the resemblance between electroluminescence and photoluminescence spectra at similar temperature. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1289491
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enhanced reliability of electroluminescence from metal–oxide–silicon tunneling diodes by deuterium incorporation (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 78 (2001), S. 1397-1399 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The reliability of electroluminescence from metal–oxide–silicon (MOS) tunneling diodes was improved by the incorporation of deuterium. The deuterium was incorporated by the deuterium prebake and the postoxide deuterium annealing. At constant current stress of 100 mA, a deuterium-treated n-channel MOS tunneling light-emitting diode shows that the integrated light emission intensity increases slightly about 6% after 10 000 s operation, while the hydrogen-treated device shows a 30% decrease of the integrated light emission intensity. The hydrogen release by the electrons tunneling from the gate electrode to Si and the formation of interface defects are responsible for the degradation of light output in the hydrogen-treated samples. An annealing model is also given to explain the slight increase of light output in the deuterium-treated samples. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1353817
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlation between Si–H/D bond desorption and injected electron energy in metal–oxide–silicon tunneling diodes (2001)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 78 (2001), S. 637-639 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Metal–oxide–silicon tunneling diodes with SiO2/Si interface passivated by hydrogen or deuterium are stressed under various constant current conditions. When the energy of injected electrons exceeds a threshold value (∼3 eV), both hydrogen and deuterium passivated devices reveal similar soft breakdown behaviors. On the contrary, when the injected electrons with low energy (〈3 eV) at high current density stress, a giant isotope effect is observed in the deuterated devices due to the resonance between the Si–D bond bending mode and the transverse optical phonon of bulk silicon. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1343477
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Room-temperature electroluminescence from electron-hole plasmas in the metal–oxide–silicon tunneling diodes (2000)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 76 (2000), S. 1516-1518 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An electron-hole plasma recombination model is used to fit the room-temperature electroluminescence from metal–oxide–silicon tunneling diodes. The relatively narrow line shape in the emission spectra can be understood by the quasi-Fermi level positions of electrons and holes, which both lie in the band gap. This model also gives a narrower band gap than that of bulk silicon. The surface band bending in the Si/oxide interface is responsible for this energy gap reduction. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.126081
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