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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pulmonary function changes and immunomodulation of cytokine expression by zafirlukast after sensitization and allergen challenge in brown Norway rats (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background The cysteinyl leukotrienes are known important mediators in bronchial asthma.Objective Our purpose was to evaluate the effect of zafirlukast on the late-phase reaction, bronchial hyper-responsiveness (BHR) and T cell-related cytokine mRNA expression in ovalbumin (OA)-sensitized brown Norway rats (BNRs).Methods Thirty BNRs were equally divided into three groups. Group I and II animals were sensitized and then provoked with OA. Zafirlukast was given intraperitoneally (i.p.) to group I  animals prior to provocation. Group II animals received i.p. normal saline. Group III animals (controls) were not sensitized and breathed aerosolized saline. After OA provocation, the animals were anaesthetized. Pulmonary function tests (PFT) were performed at baseline and after varying doses of acetylcholine. Thereafter, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed and the lungs were examined histologically. Total RNA was extracted from lung tissue and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed using primers for IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ, iNOS and β-actin.Results Group II OA-treated BNRs had worse PFT results, more severe bronchoconstriction in response to acetylcholine, and more severe inflammation in lung tissue than the other two groups. Group II had higher IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-γ cytokine levels in BAL fluid and higher IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ, TNF-α and iNOS mRNA levels when compared with group I.Conclusion Zafirlukast is effective in preventing late-phase bronchoconstriction and BHR, reducing inflammatory response, and decreasing IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10 and IFN-γ and iNOS mRNA expression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.2002.01381.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protein sequence analysis of a novel 103-kDa Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus mite allergen and prevalence of serum immunoglobulin E reactivity to rDer p 11 in allergic adult patients (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 34 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background House dust mites are regarded as important indoor allergens. While the most studies mite allergens are low molecular weight (mw), a high mw Dermatophagoides farinae mite paramyosin (Der f 11) has recently been cloned. We have also cloned a novel high mw Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dp) mite allergen, Der p 11.Objective The aim of this study was to isolate and express a cDNA gene coding for a Der p 11 allergen, to compare the sequence of Der p 11 with other antigens and to evaluate the presence of IgE reactivity to the recombinant protein (rDer p 11) in the sera of allergic adult patients.Methods The full-length Der p 11 gene was isolated by cDNA library screening, 5′-3′ rapid amplification of cDNA ends and PCR. The cDNA gene was expressed as a glutathione-S-transferase fusion protein in Escherichia coli. The allergenicity of rDer p 11 was tested by human IgE immunodot or immunoblot assay in a large panel of 100 allergic patients with bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis or eczema.Results Der p 11 is a 2965 bp cDNA gene with a 2625 bp open reading frame coding for a 875 amino acid protein. The deduced amino acid sequence of the Der p 11 showed significant homology with various invertebrate paramyosins. The prevalence of serum IgE reactivity to rDer p 11 on immunodot assay ranged from 41.7% to 66.7% in different allergic patient groups, whereas it was rare in non-atopic patients with urticaria (18.8%) and in normal individuals (8%). A high frequency (five out of eight) of MAST(Dp)− allergic serum samples had specific IgE-binding activity to rDer p 11 or its fragments on immunoblot assay, even though their IgE-binding activity to Dp extract was either weak or negative.Conclusion The 103-kDa Der p 11 appears to be major Dp mite allergen with a high frequency of IgE reactivity in sera of patients allergic to mites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.01878.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two-dimensional vortex shedding of a circular cylinder (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 13 (2001), S. 557-560 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The Strouhal–Reynolds number relationship for the two-dimensional (2-D) vortex shedding of a circular cylinder at low to medium Reynolds numbers (Re, ranging from 45 to 560) is investigated experimentally. Both horizontal and vertical soap film tunnels are used to set up a truly 2-D experiment. It is found that two separate 3-D instabilities of the natural wake at Re≅180 and 260 disappear. The Strouhal–Reynolds number curve is in good agreement with the 2-D computations of Barkley and Henderson [J. Fluid Mech. 322, 215 (1996)]. The 2-D asymptote of 0.2417 of Strouhal number is also approached. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1338544
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of desflurane uptake into the brain and body (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 59 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics of desflurane uptake into the brain and body by comparing desflurane concentrations in internal jugular-bulb blood (Jdes), arterial blood (Ades) and pulmonary arterial blood (PAdes) at a fixed inspired desflurane concentration. Thirteen patients (aged 42–72 years) undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery were enrolled in this study. They were anaesthetised using a constant 5% inspired desflurane concentration (CIdes) during the first hour of anaesthesia. Under constant volume-controlled ventilation, CIdes and end-tidal desflurane (CEdes) were measured with an infrared analyser. The desflurane concentration in the blood was analysed using gas chromatography, and cardiac output was measured using an Opti-Q pulmonary artery catheter. It took 24 min for the Jdes to equilibrate with Ades. Both CIdes–CEdes and Ades–PAdes gradients persisted during the study period. There was no further uptake of desflurane into the brain after 24 min but there was near-constant uptake into the body.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.2003.03654.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of sevoflurane uptake into the brain and body (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 58 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics of sevoflurane uptake into the brain and body by comparing sevoflurane concentrations in internal jugular-bulb blood (Jsev), arterial blood (Asev) and pulmonary arterial blood (PAsev) over a fixed inspired sevoflurane concentration. Ten patients (aged 51–73 years), undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery were enrolled in this study. They were anaesthetised using a constant 3.5% inspired sevoflurane concentration (CIsev) during the first hour of anaesthesia. During constant volume-controlled ventilation, we measured CIsev and end-tidal sevoflurane (CEsev) using infrared analysis. The sevoflurane concentration in the blood was analysed using gas chromatography, and cardiac output was measured using an Opti-Q pulmonary artery catheter. We found that it took 40 min for the brain concentration to equilibrate with arterial blood (Asev). Both CIsev–CEsev and Asev–PAsev gradients persisted during the study period. There was no further uptake of sevoflurane into the brain after 40 min; however, there was near-constant uptake into the body.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2044.2003.03346.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ethanol treatment triggers a heat shock-like response but no thermotolerance in soybean (Glycine max cv. Kaohsiung No.8) seedlings (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 23 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Non-lethal heat-shock (HS) treatment has previously been shown to induce thermotolerance in soybean (Glycine max cv. Kaohsiung No.8) seedlings. This acquired thermotolerance correlates with the de novo synthesis of heat-shock proteins (HSPs). Interestingly, we found that ethanol treatments also elicited HS-like responses in aetiolated soybean seedlings at their normal growth temperature of 28 °C. Northern blot analyses revealed that the expression of HS genes hsp17.5, hsp70 and hsc 70 was induced by ethanol. Radioactive amino acids were preferentially incorporated into high molecular weight (HMW) HSPs rather than class I low molecular weight (LMW) HSPs during non-lethal ethanol treatments. Immunoblot analysis confirmed that no accumulation of class I LMW HSPs occurred after non-lethal ethanol treatment. Pre-treatment with a non-lethal dose of ethanol did not provide thermotolerance, as the aetiolated soybean seedlings could not survive a subsequent heat shock of 45 °C for 2 h. In contrast, non-lethal HS pre-treatment, 40 °C for 2 h, conferred tolerance on aetiolated soybean seedlings to otherwise lethal treatments of 7·5% ethanol for 8 h or 10% ethanol for 4 h. These results suggest that plant class I LMW HSPs may play important roles in providing both thermotolerance and ethanol tolerance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.2000.00621.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quadruple therapy containing amoxicillin and tetracycline is an effective regimen to rescue failed triple therapy by overcoming the antimicrobial resistance of Helicobacter pylori (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 18 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Aim : To identify optimal antibiotics for second-line quadruple therapy of Helicobacter pylori after failed 1-week triple therapy.Methods : One hundred patients were enrolled in this study after the failure of 1-week triple therapy. They were randomized to receive 1-week quadruple therapy consisting of amoxicillin, omeprazole and bismuth salts, plus either metronidazole or tetracycline. Before quadruple therapy, the H. pylori culture of each patient was tested for metronidazole resistance or clarithromycin resistance by E-test. Six weeks later, an endoscopy or 13C-urea breath test was used to define the success of H. pylori eradication.Results : The H. pylori eradication rates by intention-to-treat and per protocol analysis were higher in the tetracycline group than in the metronidazole group (intention-to-treat: 78% vs. 58%, P 〈 0.05; per protocol: 89% vs. 67%, P 〈 0.05). In the metronidazole group, but not in the tetracycline group, the per protocol eradication rate of quadruple therapy was lower for the infected isolates with metronidazole resistance than for those without metronidazole resistance (77% vs. 33%, P 〈 0.05).Conclusion : Quadruple therapy, including tetracycline and amoxicillin, improves the H. pylori eradication rate after failed triple therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2003.01653.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The prevalence of heavy proteinuria and progression risk factors in children undergoing urinary screening (2000)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 14 (2000), S. 953-959 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Key words Chronic renal insufficiency ; Heavy proteinuria ; Mass urinary screening
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  To evaluate the prevalence and incidence density of heavy proteinuria and chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) and the factors related to disease progression, 10,288,620 urinary screenings of elementary and junior high-school students from 1992 to 1996 were studied retrospectively. Urinary screening included pH, protein, occult blood, and glucose measurements. Blood sample analysis included total protein, albumin, A/G ratio, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine (Cr), antistreptolysin O titer, C3, cholesterol, hepatitis B virus surface antigen, IgA, and fasting blood sugar. The results showed that the 4-year prevalence of proteinuria was higher in girls than in boys (6.87×10–4 vs. 4.83×10–4 respectively). There were 189 cases with disease progression into CRI among the 10,288,620 students screened and followed continuously, with the prevalence of disease progression into CRI higher in boys than in girls (2.24×10–5 vs. 1.41×10–5 respectively). Of the 119 cases (63%) presenting with CRI since the first urine screening and blood sampling, only 14 had serum Cr levels higher than 6.0 mg/dl. There were 1,289 patients (10.5%) with proteinuria in 1992 and 705 patients (7.1%) in 1996. The absolute number of patients with heavy proteinuria decreased. The percentage of underlying glomerulonephritis in children on dialysis also decreased from 63.2% in 1992 to 47.0% in 1996. Logistic regression analysis showed that a persistent serum cholesterol level higher than 220 mg/dl, an albumin level lower than 3.5 g/dl, total protein less than 6 g/dl, and diastolic pressure higher than 90 mmHg were the significant risk factors for disease progression to CRI. We conclude that early detection of students with heavy proteinuria by mass urinary screening, early appropriate treatment, and monitoring of significant risk factors may help to decrease or delay the progression of renal disease, delay the introduction of dialysis in these pre-dialysis CRI patients and maintain their growth and development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004679900278
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Automated image interpretation for integrated topology and shape optimization (2000)
    Springer
    Structural and multidisciplinary optimization 20 (2000), S. 125-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-1488
    Keywords: Key words: Topology, homogenization, shape optimization, integrated configuration design, automated system, computer vision, material distribution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract. A fully automated configuration optimization system (ACOS) for two-dimensional structures is proposed. The first stage of this system employs homogenization or material distribution methods to create a grey level image of a structure with minimum compliance. The second stage involves image interpretation that converts the grey level image to a parameterized structural model ready to undergo shape optimization. Several basic geometric shape templates are used to match holes of varied size and shape inside a structure. Two unique shape characteristics are defined and matching formulae that assign an appropriate template to a hole are provided. In the final stage, shape parameters are treated as design variables in a shape optimization that seeks a fine-tuned configuration and ensures satisfaction of all design constraints. Since human-machine interaction is not needed, ACOS increases the efficiency of the integrated topology and shape optimization for configuration designs. Three configuration design examples are provided.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001580050144
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